The effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on the moral sensitivity of nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is a moral attempt and endeavor. Moral sensitivity training is one of the most important ways to strengthen nursing moral decision making. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on nurses' moral sensitivity. METHODS: The present study is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted in pre- and post- interventional forms. The research population consisted of all nurses working at Bushehr Persian Gulf martyrs training hospital in 2017, 68 nurses participated as samples in the study selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control groups. In this study, Morphological Sensitivity Questionnaire of Lautzen was used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed. The pre-test was obtained from the control and intervention group. An 8-hour reminiscence training session was held for the intervention group. In order to study, the durability of training, posttest was obtained from both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 and using t-test, Chi-square, paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean moral sensitivity score in nurses before intervention in both groups was not statistically different (P = 0.42). The comparison of the mean scores of nurses' moral sensitivity after intervention in the control and intervention groups, which in fact, indicates the durability of education, showed a significant difference. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the transfer of knowledge and education through reminiscence has a lasting effect on enhancing the moral sensitivity of nurses. Therefore, its inclusion in nursing educational programs as a training strategy can be considered as a step toward facilitating the training of nurses' moral sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with decree code: IRCT2016021612830N18 on May 17, 2017. This study adheres to the CONSORT 2010 statement guidelines.

Challenges to promoting population-based cancer registration in Iran: a workshop report.

In December 2011, the Cancer Research Centre of the Cancer Institute of Iran sponsored a 3-day workshop on "Cancer Registration Principle and Challenges in Iran", which convened cancer registry experts. The objectives of the workshop were: to introduce standard cancer registration, to review the policy and procedure of cancer registration in Iran, and to review the best practices in the cancer registries in Iran. Challenges to cancer registration were discussed and recommendations were developed. The workshop was evaluated by participants for better organization of subsequent workshops. The objective of publication of this report is that based on Cancer in 5 Continents, many low- or middle-income countries do not meet the criteria for a standard population-based cancer registry (PBCR); on the other hand cancer is the most important cause of mortality and the essential part of any cancer control program is the cancer registry. Therefore this report focuses on problems and challenges of PBCR and provides recommendations which might help other developing countries to decrease their PBCR defects.

Outcome of breast cancer in Iran: a study of Tehran Cancer Registry data.

BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. This study was conducted to define the outcome of breast cancer which had been registered by Tehran Cancer Registry. METHODS: All Tehranian breast cancer which registered from 1998 to 2001 was selected; the repeated cases were excluded according to their common name, family name, and Father's name. A simple data collection form was used to complete the demographic and diagnostic time and survival situation of the cases by five educated technicians with using phone interviews with patients or their families. All data were entered in Access file and then exported to SPSS-11.5, for descriptive and analytic analysis, p value was significant under 0.05. Since there were some cases had not phone number or the phone numbers were not accessible; 360 cases were selected with Simple Random Sampling and their hospital files were reviewed to complete the demographic and location situations data. Kaplan- Meier regression model was used for computing the survival. RESULTS: Of the 7098 records, 4416 records were interviewed by phone. This phone interviews were succeeded among 2358 cases; Tehranian and other cities were defined in 986 and 1372 records respectively. The Tehranian cases were estimated 36.9% (CI95%: 31.9%-41.8%). The mean age of patients was 51.3+/-12.5, 31.4% of them was under 40 years old, the incidence rate of breast cancer in 100,000 women was estimated 17.09 CI95% (15.67-18.50). Infiltrating duct carcinoma was the most morphology (68.4%). Right, left, and both breast involvement were seen in 48.6% CI95% (43.4%-53.8%), 46.1% CI95 %( 41.0%-51.2%), 0.3% CI95%(0.1%-0.5%) respectively. The tumor size over 2 centimeters was seen in 63.6% of cases at diagnostic time. Lymphadenopathy and metastasis were seen in 48.3% CI95% (43.1%-53.5%), and 19.7% CI95% (15.6%-23.8%) of cases. The median survival was 5.0 years CI95% (4.9 years-5.1 years). CONCLUSION: This retrospective survival study was shown the seven years follow up from 1998 to 2005, women which were diagnosed in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001; 55.9%, 61.4%, 60.3%, 66% were alive respectively. Interventional projects for increasing the survival rate, early detection, and effective treatment of breast cancer were recommended.

Burden of breast cancer in Iran: a study of the Tehran population based cancer registry.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. This study was designed to estimate the burden of breast cancer in Tehran, the capital of Iran. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the existing data of Tehran Population Based Cancer Registry (TCR) from 1998 to 2001 were used; all Tehranian women with breast cancer were followed for computing the survival and remission rates. The World Health Organization's Practical Guide of National Burden of Disease Studies was employed for performing the study. The data for breast cancer were analyzed with DISMOD II software and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) were computed using Excel based software. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.3+/-12.5, 31.4% being under 40 years old. The incidence rate of breast cancer was estimated to be 17.09 (95 %CI: 15.67-18.50) per 100,000 women. The five year survival rate was 75 %. The DALY for breast cancer was 4,252 years (95 %CI: 3896-4604). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer is a high burden in the community. More than 36% of the tumors occur in women under 40 years old. Comprehensive national cancer control programs including promotion of awareness, early detection, treatment and palliative cares are vitally important for decreasing the burden of breast cancer in Iran. This strategy should be strongly recommended to policy makers and special programs should be considered for women under 40 years old.

Delay in flowering and increase in biomass of transgenic tobacco expressing the Arabidopsis floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C.

FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. that acts as a flowering repressor, was expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Samsun'). Five putative transgenic lines were selected and examined for the presence of FLC. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from the Leaves and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RNA blot analysis, respectively. Both DNA and RNA tests confirmed the integration and transcription of FLC in all five Lines and their T1 progenies. Transgenic plants in one Line showed an average of 36 d delay in flowering time compared to control plants, and the overall mean for all lines was 14 d. Transgenic plants also displayed increased leaf size and biomass yield and reduced height at flowering time. It is important to note that the delay in flowering might have been caused by a slower rate of leaf initiation (i.e. nodes/day) rather than by a change in the flowering mechanism itself.