ABSTRACT
Topical application of acetylenic acetogenins (AAG) from avocado (0.01-1.0mg/ear), was effective in inhibiting both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema, and in decreasing tissue myeloperoxidase activity (indicative of polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx). Maximum edema inhibition of 72% was achieved by AAG at lower concentration (0.6 mg/ear) than that of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (2mg/ear). The maximum myeloperoxidase inhibition of 60% was obtained at AAG concentration 0.1mg/ear. Chemical reduction of unsaturated bonds in aliphatic chain of AAG molecules almost abrogated inhibition effect of AAG at high concentration. In vitro AAG administration reduced secretion of PGE(2) in TPA-induced keratinocytes, and inhibited total PLA(2) and sPLA(2) activities in HaCaT cells. The results indicate a topical anti-inflammatory effect of acetylenic acetogenins which is associated with inhibition of PLA(2) activity in skin.
Subject(s)
Acetogenins/chemistry , Acetogenins/pharmacology , Acetylene/chemistry , Dermatitis, Contact/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Contact/enzymology , Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/adverse effects , Acetogenins/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Line , Dermatitis, Contact/etiology , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Mice , Phospholipases A2/metabolismABSTRACT
Exposing skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to photoaging and to the development of skin cancer by DNA lesions and triggering inflammatory and other harmful cellular cascades. The present study tested the ability of unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, to reduce UVB-induced damage and inflammation in skin. Introducing PFA to keratinocytes prior to their exposure to UVB exerted a protective effect, increasing cell viability, decreasing the secretion of IL-6 and PGE(2), and enhancing DNA repair. In human skin explants, treating with PFA reduced significantly UV-induced cellular damage. These results support the idea that PFA can play an important role as a photo-protective agent in UV-induced skin damage.
Subject(s)
Fatty Alcohols/pharmacology , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Persea/chemistry , Skin/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , DNA Damage , DNA Repair , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Humans , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Keratinocytes/radiation effects , Organ Culture Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pyrimidine Dimers/analysis , Skin/radiation effects , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Assuming that superoxide anion radicals (O(2)-) may play a role in damage to the inner ear, the authors investigated the possible benefit of vitamin E as an antioxidant in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, double-blind study. SETTING: The Department of Otolaryngology of Rambam Medical Center serves as a tertiary referral center for a population of 1.2 million people. PATIENTS: A total of 66 patients, aged 15 to 70 years, with diagnoses of idiopathic sudden hearing loss of less than 7 days' duration during 1998 to 2001, were included in the study. All were treated with bed rest, steroids, magnesium, and carbogen inhalation. The study group received vitamin E in addition. RESULTS: The recovery rate, calculated as hearing gain divided by the difference in hearing level between the affected and unaffected ear, was better than 75% in 41 of 66 (62.12%) patients. This rate was achieved in 26 (78.78%) patients in the study group treated with vitamin E, compared with 15 (45.45%) patients in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with the addition of vitamin E achieved better recovery than did the control patients. Further studies should be directed toward a better understanding of the role of antioxidants in idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
