Apriori sample size estimation and reporting in original articles published from 2012 to 2020 in two Asian orthodontic journals.

AIMS: To evaluate the proportion and completeness of reporting apriori sample size estimation (SSE) in research articles published in the Journal of Orthodontic Science (JOS) and the Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society (JIOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All online research articles published in both journals from 2012 to 2020 were screened. Those reporting apriori SSE were analyzed for the study design and completeness of SSE reporting (outcome parameter and assumptions, Type I error, Power/type II error, one or two-tailed test, the method used, justifications for assumptions, adjustments in sample size, and the target sample size). Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to analyze the differences between the journals in the proportions of articles reporting these characteristics. RESULTS: Twenty articles (13.2%) in JOS and 24 (8.3%) in JIOS, have reported apriori SSE [χ2 (1, N = 440) = 2.573, P=0.10]. Non-clinical and quasi-experimental studies formed nearly two-thirds of articles reporting SSE in JOS. Quasi-experimental (34%), randomized controlled trials (28%), and cross-sectional studies (24%) formed the bulk of articles reporting SSE in JIOS. Type II error/power was the most frequently reported characteristic in both (75% and 95.8% in JOS and JIOS, respectively), and the number of tails was the least (5% and 0%, respectively). More articles in JOS than JIOS reported the outcome variable used [65% vs. 12.5%, χ2 (1, N = 44) = 12.99, P <.001] and provided justifications for the assumptions [70% vs 33.3%, χ2 (1, N = 44) = 5.86, P = 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The extent and completeness of reporting apriori SSE are suboptimal in these journals and require prompt and stringent curative measures.

Characterization and Formulation of Miswak Film for the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: An In Vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: Miswak is a tooth brushing stick that contains many ingredients that are beneficial for maintenance of oral hygiene. The aim of this study is to formulating a film containing miswak extract for treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we tested the miswak raw extract invitro against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). The film was prepared using solvent casting method. Disintegration test was conducted to find the stability of the film. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity of miswak was also tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration against P. gingivalis was 62.5 µg/mL. Therapuetic index against HSV-1 was 11.3 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity against 50% Vero cells was present at 210 µg/mL. Based on this invitro study 100 µg/mL dose was calculated to be incorporated in a film of size 0.5 mm × 0.4 mm. This film is made of polymers HPMC K 100 and Eudragit L 100. Disintegration test of the film showed that they remained stable for around 5 days. CONCLUSION: In the present study we formulated the miswak raw extract containing film that can act against P. gingivalis and HSV-1. So it can be used to treat chronic periodontitis by placing it in periodontal pockets.

Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Delayed and Early Loading of Single-Tooth Implant Placement: A 6-Month, Prospective, Randomized, Follow-up Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare delayed and early loaded single-tooth implant technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical and radiological parameters of delayed and early loading of single-tooth implant placement. Fourteen male or female patients were selected randomly, who had single tooth missing in mandibular posterior region. A delayed implant placement technique was followed in these regions. A Hi-Tech implant (Life Care Implants) was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: delayed loading group and early loading group. In delayed loading groups, implants were loaded after 3 months, and in early loading groups, implants were loaded within 7 days to 2 months. Soft tissue and radiological bone loss were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The parameters assessed were plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, thickness of peri-implant mucosa, and bone loss (radiographically). RESULTS: The results show that there was no statistical difference in indexes taken between delayed loading and early loading groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, after first 6 months there was no difference in success rate between delayed loading or early loading of implants. This study also showed that more bone loss occurred around delayed loading implants. So it can be concluded that early loading technique can be successfully practiced instead of delayed loading of implants.

Evaluation of efficacy of probiotic (BIFILAC) on Porphyromonas gingivalis: In vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is inflammation of the periodontium and causes destruction of the connective tissue attachment of the teeth and alveolar bone. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the primary pathogen for the destructive periodontal diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic on P. gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro study was done to analyze the effectiveness of probiotic BIFILAC on P. gingivalis was determined using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration for BIFILAC lozenges was also determined using microdilution method. RESULTS: In disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of BIFILAC was analyzed using various concentrations such as 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 µg/ml, of which 20 µg/ml was proved to have a maximum inhibitory zone of 22 mm. In microdilution method, concentration ranging from 7.25 to 100 µg/ml was used and 25 µg/ml was found to have the minimum inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION: The present in vitro study confirms that probiotic BIFILAC has an antimicrobial effect against P. gingivalis. Thus, proving that BIFILAC probiotic can be used as an adjunctive therapeutic modality in periodontitis.

Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity of phenolsulfonphthalein dye.

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were prepared using Persia Americana seed methanolic extract by calcining stannous chloride precursors at 300-500°C by green synthesis method. Synthesized SnO2 NPs were confirmed via characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The results of characterization technique states that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the size of 4 nm and further we have undergone catalytic degradation of organic dye named phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red). The result showed that SnO2 NPs shows much degradation activity by the catalytic action of long UV exactly at 365 nm.

Host modulation by therapeutic agents.

Periodontal disease susceptible group present advanced periodontal breakdown even though they achieve a high standard of oral hygiene. Various destructive enzymes and inflammatory mediators are involved in destruction. These are elevated in case of periodontal destruction. Host modulation aims at bringing these enzymes and mediators to normal level. Doxycycline, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, nitrous oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11), omega-3 fatty acid, mouse anti-human interleukin-6 receptor antibody (MRA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kb) inhibitors, osteoprotegerin, and tumor necrosis factor antagonist (TNF-α) are some of the therapeutic agents that have host modulation properties.