[The interaction between nerve cells and carbon nanotube networks made by CVD process investigation].

In this research we investigate neuroblastoma cells cultivated on single-walled carbon nanotubes networks made by CVD method on silicon substrates. The complex analysis of grown cells made by atomic force, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy was carried out and the effect of nanotube growth process on proliferation factor was investigated. It is shown that despite of a weak decrease in proliferation, cell morphology remains unchanged and no physical or chemical interaction between carbon nanotubes and cells is observed. The results of the research can be used to investigate the interaction between conductive nanomaterials and cells for the development of neural replacement implants. Also they can be useful in bio-electronic interface investigation of signal propagation in neurons.

[Cultivation of continuous cell lines on the substrate of carbon nanotubes and the effect of electric stimulation on cell proliferation].

It was demonstrated that the three studied samples of carbon nanotubes of domestic production fixed on the substrate surface did not have toxic effect and could be used for cell cultivation. A biocompatible conductive coating based on carbon nanotubes and bovine serum albumin was developed. The efficacy of the coating for growing in vitro cell cultures was tested. A device was developed for electric stimulation of the cells. Local electric potential was applied to the cells using nanoscale electrodes. The results of human embryonic fibroblast cultivation in a pulsed electric field on conductive nanocomposite substrates were presented. An 26% increase in the proliferative activity of cells was observed at potentials up to 100 mV.

Proliferative activity and viability of fibroblast and glioblastoma cell on various types of carbon nanotubes.

The effects of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on proliferative activity and viability of human embryo fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells were studied. Low cytotoxic activity of single-walled carbon tubes was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of nanotube effects on cell growth are discussed.

[Human microecology studies at Department of Microbiology with Virology and Immunology, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy]. / Issledovanie po mikroékologii cheloveka na kafedre mikrobiologii s virusologiei i immunologiei.

Studies of human microflora in health and disease and during exposure to professional and ecological factors is a traditional problem solved for many years by staff members of Department of Microbiology with Virology and Immunology, I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy. The purpose of research is to develop methods and means for diagnosis and prevention of human microbiocenosis disorders. Fundamental and applied research in cooperation with prophylactic and clinical institutions and departments yielded data contributing to solution of many pressing problems in prevention and diagnosis of infectious diseases.

[Investigation and identification of the antimicrobial component of the drug "Tomatol"]. / Izuchenie i identifikatsiia antimikrobnogo komponenta preparata "Tomatol".

Antimicrobial activity of Tomatol against laboratory strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653 as well as against clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia spp. was tested. Tomatol was shown to have a broad antimicrobial spectrum including gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and Candida. The TLC investigation demonstrated that the Tomatol antimicrobial component was that of a complex of organic acids such as succinic, citric, tartaric and others.

[Experimental evaluation of the antibacterial activity of tomato pulp oil extract]. / Otsenka antibakterial'noi aktivnosti maslianogo ékstrakta miaslianogoékstrakta miakoti tomatov v éksperimente.

The antibacterial action of the oil extract obtained from tomato pulp has been studied with the use of museum strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638-P and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, recommended for the determination of the antibacterial activity of medicinal preparations (State Pharmacopoeia, edition XI), as well as Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Escherichia clinical strains. As revealed in this study, tomato pulp oil extract produces a wide-spectrum antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and on fungi of the genus Candida. The study has determined that this antibacterial action is linked with the presence of a complex of organic acids (succinic, citric, tartaric, etc.).

[Antimicrobial and antitrichomonal activity of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives in an in vitro experiment]. / Antimikrobnaia i protivotrikhomonadnaia aktivnost' proizvodnykh 5-nitroimidazola v éksperimente in vitro.

The comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of metronidazole and its complex with cobalt sulfate showed that the complex formation increased 2-4 times the metronidazole activity against elective anaerobes. The study of the drug action on Trichomonas spp. revealed that as a result of the complexing with cobalt sulfate the metronidazole efficacy against the Trichomonas strains isolated from the discharge of a female patient with metronidazole resistant trichomoniasis increased, the activating effect of the complex on the host cells being suggested.

[Possible role of opsonins in adsorption and transport of biological membranes and viruses by Staphylococci]. / Vozmozhnaia rol' opsoninov v adsorbtsii i transportirovke stafilokokkami biologicheskikh membran i virusov.

Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of Staphylococcus aureus cells, Wood-46 strain, opsonized by the blood serum has revealed deposition of blood serum components on the bacterial cell walls. The bacteria opsonized by the blood serum absorbed biological membranes and the influenza virus virions. Staphylococcus-opsonin-virus complexes were digested by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In mixed infection models staphylococci and influenza virus virions were detected in different parts of the phagocyte cytoplasm.

[Electron microscope study of the effect of sanguiritrin on bacteria in vitro]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe izuchenie deistviia sangviritrina na mikroorganizmy v opytakh in vitro.

Electron microscopic studies aimed at the determination of the mode of action of sanguiritrin have shown that the drug induced significant morphological changes in grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. Sanguiritrin at a concentration equal to 1 MIC induced local elimination of the inner electron dense layer of the cell wall and deformation of the division septa in Staph. aureus. This resulted in the impairment of the cell division. Impairment of the cell integrity and formation of the protoplast-like structures were observed. The cytoplasm of the cells exposed to sanguiritrin had diffuse electron dense formations and homogenous zones of medium electron density as a result of destructive processes in it. At a concentration of 2 MIC sanguiritrin induced significant thinning of the cell walls, elimination of the inner electron dense layer and increasing of the bacterial cell size. A small granular component of varying electron density was observed at the site of the nucleoid.

[Ultrastructural changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells as affected by gentamycin in in vitro and in vivo experiments]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia v kletkakh Pseudomonas aeruginosa pod vliianiem gentamitsina v opytakh in vitro i in vivo.

Morphological changes in phagocytosed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the effect of gentamicin were studied with electron microscopy using ultrathin slices. Peritoneal macrophages induced by irritation of the peritoneum with medium 199 followed by inoculation with a 1-milliard suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. Gentamicin was administered intramuscularly in single doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg. The effect of gentamicin was also studied in vitro. The in vitro studies showed that gentamicin induced rarefaction of the cytoplasm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, elimination of the nuclear material, formation of membrane structures and separation of the cytoplasmic membrane from the cell wall. The studies with exposure of phagocytosed bacteria to gentamicin showed that the phagocytosed bacterial cells had the most pronounced changes in their ultrastructure. Under the effect of gentamicin in a dose of 50 mg/kg there appeared 2 types of the cells with changes not observed in vitro. Investigation of the digestive capacity of phagocytes demonstrated that gentamicin favoured an increase in the phagocytic activity and digestive capacity.

[Electron microscopic study of the effect of methicillin on phagocytized Staphylococcus aureus cells]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe izuchenie vliianiia metitsillina na fagotsitirovannye kletki zolotistogo stafilokkokka.

Morphological changes in phagocytized cells of Staph. aureus due to methicillin were studied with electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Peritoneal macrophages of mice obtained by excitation of the abdominal cavity with medium No. 199 followed by infection with 1-milliard staphylococcal suspension were tested. Methicillin was administered in single doses of 2.5, 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. The doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg induced specific changes in some cells. First of all the division septa were affected. After that the cell walls became thinner the cells increased in size, the cytoplasm became electronically less solid. No lysed cells were detected. The use of the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg entailed polymorphism of the damages. Perforations formed in the bacterial cell wall. The cytoplasm acquired a characteristic granular structure evident of the cell death. With an increase in the dose from 25 to 50 mg/kg no rise in the level of the morphological changes in the bacterial cells was noted. Determination of methicillin concentration in the peritoneal exudate showed that it was 2--4 times higher depending on the dose than the MIC in vitro.

[Role of the immunoglobulin coat in the process of microorganism phagocytosis]. / O roli immunoglobulinovogo pokrova v protsesse fagotsitoza mikroorganizmov.

Comparative electron microscopic examinations of staphylococcus aureus under different conditions (in a pulmonary abscess of a patient, in a short-time contact with serum and blood cells of a donor, and experimental infection of white mice) revealed dissimilar possibilities of formation of an immunoglobulin coat on the surface of bacterial cell wall. Upon a short-time contact of S. aureus with human blood serum in vitro an immunoglobulin coating appeared on the bacterial cell wall. In control experiments with staphylococci killed with glutaraldehyde and treated with methycilline the possibility of formation of microcapsule by staphylococci was excluded. No immunoglobulin coating was detected in a protracted suppurative process. In the pulmonary abscess, different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found.