ABSTRACT
Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by non-hormonal mechanisms, drugs may directly and indirectly induce sexual dysfunction and spermatogenesis impairment and alteration of epididymal maturation. This systematic literature review summarizes existing data about the negative impact and associations of pharmacological treatments on male fertility (excluding cytotoxic drugs), with a view to making these data more readily available for medical staff. In most cases, these effects on spermatogenesis/sperm maturation/sexual function are reversible after the discontinuation of the drug. When a reprotoxic treatment cannot be stopped and/or when the impact on semen parameters/sperm DNA is potentially irreversible (Sulfasalazine Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil and Methotrexate), the cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment must be proposed. Deleterious impacts on fertility of drugs with very good or good level of evidence (Testosterone, Sulfasalazine, Anabolic steroids, Cyproterone acetate, Opioids, Tramadol, GhRH analogues and Sartan) are developed.
Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/etiology , Fertility/drug effects , Infertility, Male/chemically induced , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Animals , Cryopreservation , DNA Damage , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/pathology , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/physiopathology , Fertility Preservation/methods , Humans , Infertility, Male/pathology , Infertility, Male/physiopathology , Infertility, Male/therapy , Male , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior/drug effects , Sperm Banks , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Spermatozoa/pathologyABSTRACT
In 59 out of 80 patients with recurrent renal calcium stones studied between 1977 and 1982 and followed up for 4,5 to 7 years, an index has been used to determine the activity of the disease, before and after treatment with diet, high water intake, thiazide and/or allopurinol. As estimated by variations of the "activity index", the treatment was effective in all groups studied: patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were prescribed a low purine and oxalate diet and a large water intake associated or not with thiazide; hyperuricosuric patients were treated by the same diet and allopurinol; patients with no metabolic abnormality were submitted to diet and/or thiazide and/or allopurinol. The association of thiazide and allopurinol seems to be a more effective therapy in recurrent stone formers with primary hyperoxaluria than high diuresis and succinimide.
Subject(s)
Calcium/urine , Kidney Calculi/prevention & control , Adult , Allopurinol/administration & dosage , Amiloride/administration & dosage , Diuresis , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fluid Therapy , Humans , Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage , Kidney Calculi/urine , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Succinimides/administration & dosageABSTRACT
In mice with acute Schistosoma mansoni infection lipoid depletion was found in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex without any other major histological alterations of the adrenals. Schistosomiasis did not influence the weight of the adrenals, or the cortisol level of the blood serum as determined by radioimmunoassay. The changes in morphology and function of the ovaries in the same infected animals reported earlier point to the vulnerability of the gonads in schistosomiasis mansoni, which may be a consequence of partial hypopituitarism.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/pathology , Schistosomiasis/pathology , Adrenal Cortex/pathology , Adrenal Cortex/physiopathology , Adrenal Glands/physiopathology , Animals , Female , Mice , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
A (4.60+/-0.07)x10(9) year internal isochron has been drawn for the achondrite Juvinas by the rubidium-87/strontium-87 method. Earlier petrographic investigation of achondrites supplemented by a new ion microprobe study of Juvinas strongly suggest an igneous origin for this class of meteorites. The results thus indicate that igneous activity may have rapidly followed the formation of the achondrites' parent body 4.6x10(9) years ago.