Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population.

The WHO has approved the use of several vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic; experience over the last 2 years has indicated that dose demand can only be covered using more than one design. Therefore, having scientific evidence of the performance of the different vaccines applied in a country is highly relevant. In Mexico, 5 vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were used, allowing a cohort study to analyze the generation of anti-S1/S2 IgG antibodies and anti-RBD antibodies with neutralizing activity at 0, 21, 90, and 180 days after vaccination. Five groups of participants were formed on the basis of the type of vaccine received and were divided on the basis of whether they previously had or did not have COVID-19. After completing the vaccination schedule, the seroprevalence was 95.5, 97.5, 81.0, 95.2, and 90.0% (BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac, respectively). Among the participants without COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the largest amount of antibodies in the 90-day period was observed in the BNT162b2 group, and the amount of antibodies in the Sputnik V group decreased the least over time. Even though the percentages of seroconversion obtained in this study were lower than those currently reported in other parts of the world, the tested vaccines are able, in most cases, to induce a good production of IgG antibodies anti-S1/S2 and neutralizing capacity. The fact that there are people who have not produced antibodies during the study leaves open some questions that must be investigated to avoid the appearance of serious cases of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Since the start of the vaccination programs against COVID-19 in 2020, it was evident that due to global shortages, the demand for the dose required in Mexico could only be covered by acquiring different vaccines. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of these and the longevity of acquired immunity is extremely important in a scenario where SARS-CoV-2 circulation becomes endemic and booster doses are required periodically. Our data reveal significant differences both in the generation of antibodies as well as in their longevity for the vaccines applied in the country but suggest that, in general, the Mexican population can reach a high capacity to neutralize the virus, therefore, regarding less the variant for which they were designed.

Quiste dermoide nasofrontal: presentación de un caso y revisión narrativa / Nasofrontal dermoid cyst: case presentation

Las lesiones de la región nasofrontal en los niños son un reto diagnóstico debido a su rareza, y su potencial comunicación con el sistema nervioso central también aumenta su complicaciones. Dentro de las principales entidades de esta región se encuentran los quistes dermoides, los gliomas nasales y los encefaloceles. Un abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico inapropiado podría generar desde simples recurrencias hasta fistulas e infecciones en el sistema nervioso central, que podrían contribuir a mayores complicaciones o incluso, poner en riesgo la vida de los pacientes.

Injuries to the naso-frontal region in children are a diagnostic challenge, associated with their rarity, their complexity also implies their potential communication with the central nervous system. Dermoid cysts, nasal gliomas, and encephaloceles are among the main entities in this region. An inappropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach could generate from simple recurrences (as in our case), to fistulas and infections of the central nervous system that could contribute to greater complications or even put the lives of patients at risk.

Synthesis of improved lysomotropic autophagy inhibitors.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular pathway used to recycle nutrients through lysosomal breakdown basally and under times of stress (e.g., nutrient deprivation, chemotherapeutic treatment). Oncogenes are known to induce autophagy, which may be exploited by cancers for cell survival. To identify autophagy inhibitors with potential therapeutic value for cancer, we screened a panel of antimalarial agents and found that quinacrine (QN) had 60-fold higher potency of autophagy inhibition than chloroquine (CQ), a well-known autophagy inhibitor that functions by disrupting lysosomal activity. Despite desirable autophagy inhibiting properties, QN showed considerable cytotoxicity. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a novel series of QN analogs and investigated their effects on autophagy inhibition and cell viability. Notably, we found two compounds (33 and 34), bearing a backbone of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, had limited cytotoxicity yet strong autophagy inhibition properties. In conclusion, these improved lysomotropic autophagy inhibitors may have use as anticancer agents in combination with conventional therapies.

Identification of novel HDAC inhibitors through cell based screening and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents.

A series of benzimidazole based HDAC inhibitors have been rationally designed, synthesized and screened. The SAR of this new chemotype is described. The lead compound, 11e, showed strong activity in several cellular assays and demonstrated in vivo efficacy in mouse xenograft pancreatic cancer models.

Características de las intoxicaciones en una unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico / Characteristics of poisoning in a pediatric intensive care unit

Se presentan 158 niños, que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital pediátrico, con diagnóstico de intoxicación, en el periodo comprendido entre noviembre de 1975 y diciembre de 1984. Se analizó edad, sexo, agente tóxico, motivo de intoxicación, fuente de origen del tóxico, lugar del diagnóstico, tratamiento casero, gravedad y estado conciencia al ingreso, duración de hospitalización y estado al alta. Los medicamentos constituyeron el 70%, destacando como primera causa los barbitúricos, seguido de salicílicos, fenotiacínicos y benzodiazepinas. Entre los agentes no medicamentosos los pesticidas ocupan el primer lugar. Edad más frecuente son los menores de tres años. No se encontró diferencias entre ambos sexos. La ingestión accidental es la primera causa y la gran mayoría ocurre en la casa (86%), en donde también se hace el diagnóstico (60%). El 46% ingresa con gravedad moderada y 40% severa. Compromiso de conciencia se encuentra en 69%. Fallecieron cinco (3%) de los pacientes y cinco (3%) presentaron complicaciones graves durante la hospitalización. La duración promedio de la hospitalización fue de cuatro días y medio. Se insiste en medidas de prevención y educación, como también en el tratamiento precoz y domiciliario para disminuir la gravedad, tiempo de hospitalización y secuelas

Síndrome de Reye: experiência clínica / Reye's syndrome: clinical experience

Se efectuó biopsia hepática por punción a 16 niños que ingresaron con diagnóstico de síndrome de Reye, a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica, del Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río. En sólo 10 de ellos se comprobó dicho diagnóstico mediante este método. Los otros 6 correspondieron a hepatitis viral inespecífica, o daño hepático por drogas. De los 10 casos con síndrome de Reye, cinco tenían menos de 2 años y cinco de 2 a 6 años. Según la clasificación de Lovejoy, uno correspondía a grado I, cuatro a grado II, cuatro a grado III, uno a grado IV y ninguno a grado V. Uno de estos pacientes falleció y de los otros nueve, dos presentaron alteraciones neurológicas menores al alta. Se analizan además las características de presentación y su tratamiento