Aspectos psicoemocionais e sua influência na hipertensão: uma análise sobre as contribuições do exercício físico / Psycho-emotional aspects and their influence on hypertension: an analysis of the role of physical exercise / Aspectos psicoemocionales y su influencia en la hipertensión arterial: un análisis del papel del ejercicio físico

Objetivo: descrever a relação entre aspectos psicoemocionais negativos no desenvolvimento e controle da hipertensão arterial, e as contribuições do exercício físico para ambas as variáveis. Método: estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual pretendeu responder a seguinte questão: "Qual a relação entre fatores psicoemocionais negativos no desenvolvimento e progressão da hipertensão arterial e as contribuições do exercício físico frente a ambos?". O levantamento foi realizado por meio das bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e Scopus, e no portal PubMed, que buscou identificar estudos publicados nos anos de 2016 a 2022. Resultados: identificaram-se 509 títulos, dos quais dez foram selecionados para compor a amostra. Fatores como depressão, estresse psicológico, ansiedade, tristeza, raiva, tensão e preocupações excessivas apresentaram correlação positiva com o aumento do risco no desenvolvimento e descontrole da hipertensão. A prática regular de exercício físico continua sendo um importante aliado na prevenção e redução de sintomas psicoemocionais negativos, como no tratamento da hipertensão. Conclusão: observou-se relação positiva entre aspectos psicoemocionais negativos e o aumento na probabilidade de risco de desenvolvimento da hipertensão, e no comprometimento do controle da doença, sendo a prática de exercício físico um fator benéfico para ambas as variáveis.

Objective: to describe the relationship between negative psycho-emotional aspects in the development and control of arterial hypertension and the contributions of physical exercise to both variables. Method: integrative literature review study intended to answer the question: "What is the relationship between negative psycho-emotional factors in the development and progression of arterial hypertension and the contributions of physical exercise to both?". The survey was carried out through MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus databases, and the PubMed portal, which sought to identify studies published in the years from 2016 to 2022. Results: 509 titles were identified, of which ten were selected to compose the sample. Factors such as depression, psychological stress, anxiety, sadness, anger, tension, and excessive worries showed a positive correlation with an increased risk of developing uncontrolled hypertension. The regular practice of physical exercise continues to be an essential ally in the prevention and reduction of negative psycho-emotional symptoms, such as in the treatment of hypertension. Conclusion: there was a positive relationship between negative psycho-emotional aspects and an increase in the risk of developing hypertension and compromising disease control, with physical exercise being a beneficial factor for both variables.

Dual career competency questionnaire for athletes: psychometric properties of the Brazilian version.

Introduction: No studies have yet attempted to quantitatively measure the competencies of Brazilian student-athletes. Consequently, there are no validated measures suitable for this purpose. The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties and assess content validity, factorial validity and evidence based on response processes of the Brazilian version of the Dual Career Competency Questionnaire for Athletes (DCCQ-A). Methods: The Brazilian DCCQ-A was administered to 745 student-athletes (Mage = 17.3 ± 5.4; 54% female; 8% student-athletes with disabilities). Results: Content validity coefficient analysis indicated clarity of language, theoretical pertinence, and practical relevance of the Brazilian DCCQ-A items. Confirmatory factorial analysis revealed excellent goodness-of-fit indices of the 4-factor structure model. Polytomous Rasch analysis demonstrated an acceptable adjustment of the items and good organization in the item response categories. Discussion: Considering the psychometric strength of the Brazilian DCCQ-A, this instrument can contribute to the practical and research applicability of sport psychology, providing support to those involved with student-athletes' dual career by identifying their competencies and possible limitations.

Tendência secular do crescimento físico em crianças de alto nível socioeconômico / Secular trend physical growth in children of high socioeconomic status

Introdução: A tendência secular de parâmetros antropométricos em crianças de alto nível socioeconômico tem sido pouco documentado e discutido em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência secular do crescimento físico de crianças em um período de oito anos. Métodos: Participaram 1136 crianças voluntárias (600 meninos), com idades entre sete e 10 anos, pertencentes a uma escola privada do município de Londrina, PR. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos para cada ano e sexo: 2002 (274 meninos e 237 meninas), 2005 (177 meninos e 145 meninas) e 2010 (149 meninos e 154 meninas). Avaliaram-se medidas antropométricas (massa corporal e estatura) e classificou-se o nível socioeconômico por questionário. Resultados: Verificou-se que o grupo masculino de 2010 apresentou idade, massa corporal e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) significativamente menores que o grupo 2005. Enquanto o grupo feminino de 2010 apresentou idade inferior quando comparado ao grupo 2002 (p<0,05). Todavia, considerando o ajuste pela idade cronológica, somente a estatura apresentou tendência secular positiva (p=0,005). Conclusão: Identificou-se que no período de oito anos de tendência secular não houve alterações nos indicadores de crescimento físico, com exceção da estatura para o sexo feminino que apresentou tendência secular positiva.

Introduction: The secular trend of anthropometric parameters in children of high socioeconomic status has been poorly documented and discussed in developing countries. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the secular trend of children's physical growth over an eight-year period. Methods: Participants were 1136 volunteer children (600 boys), aged between seven and 10 years, belonging to a private school in the city of Londrina, PR. The sample was divided into three groups for each year and sex: 2002 (274 boys and 237 girls), 2005 (177 boys and 145 girls) and 2010 (149 boys and 154 girls). Anthropometric measurements (body mass and height) were evaluated and the socioeconomic level of the patient was classified using a questionnaire. Results: It was found that the male group of 2010 had significantly lower age, body mass and Body Mass Index (BMI) than the 2005 group. While the female group of 2010 had a lower age when compared to the 2002 group (p<0.05). However, considering the adjustment for chronological age, only height showed a positive secular trend (p=0.005). Conclusion: It was identified that in the period of eight years of secular trend there were no changes in the indicators of physical growth, with the exception of height for females, which showed a positive secular trend.

Using Social Network Analysis to Study Relationships Between Young Soccer Players' Bone Age, Body Size, and the Centrality of Their Pass Interactions.

Prior research has suggested relevance to anthropometric variance of youth athletes at various stages of their maturation, and prior studies of youth players' soccer skills have failed to consider their interdependent interactions during play. Accordingly, to address both of these separate research omissions, we aimed in this study to analyze the relationships between young (U-13 and U-15 groups) soccer players' bone age and body size indicators and centrality measures of their pass interactions during small sided games. We included young 81 athletes (M age = 14.4, SD = 1.1 years) from whom we took anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, and trunk-cephalic height and obtained their bone age using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 classification method. We also filmed small-sided games in the goal keeper/three player (GK3-3GK) format to analyze the centrality of their passing actions on the following measures: degree of centrality, closeness of centrality, degree of prestige, and proximity of prestige. There were no group differences in the prominence of passing actions across these three measures (tmean = -3.13; p > .05). Canonical correlations of these relationships were significant only in the U-13 group, in which centrality in passing actions was related to body size (r = 0.71; R2 = 0.21; ʌ = 0.28; p = .03). U-13 players who were physically larger and who presented higher bone age showed centralized main passing actions.

Association between patterns of sedentary time and academic performance in adolescents: the mediating role of self-concept.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the pattern of sedentary time (bouts and breaks) with academic performance, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-concept. METHODS: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 394 adolescents (208 girls), aged 10-14 years, from sixth grade from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The sedentary time pattern was measured through accelerometry. Definitions: sedentary bouts - uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior; breaks - non-sedentary period between two sedentary bouts. The self-concept was estimated using the Piers-Harris II Inventory. Academic performance was obtained by school grades. RESULTS: Short sedentary bouts were associated with higher academic performance in boys (1-4 minutes: ß=0.035, p=0.007) and girls (1-4 minutes: ß=0.031, p=0.014; 5-14 minutes: ß=0.054, p=0.001). Long bouts (30 minutes) were associated with lower academic performance in boys (ß=-0.023; p=0.011) and girls (ß=-0.032; p<0.001). For girls, total and intellectual self-concept mediated the association between all sedentary pattern and academic performance (bouts 1-4 minutes [total: 39% and intellectual: 42.8%]; bouts 5-14 minutes [total: 21.5% and intellectual: 35.4%]; bouts ≥30 minutes [total: 22.6% and intellectual: 32.3%]; and breaks [total: 38.9% and intellectual: 40.7%]). For boys, the total (56.4%) and intellectual (82.9%) self-concept mediated only the association between bouts of 5-14 minute and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of sedentary time is associated with academic performance in adolescents and this association is mediated by self-concept, especially in girls.

Age and Sex-Related Associations between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time.

Marital status mediates an association between physical activity (PA) and TV time with health outcomes. However, population-based studies have revealed that the health effect of marriage or divorce is age-dependent and differs between women and men. The study aimed to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals from 18 to 99 years, with a TV time > 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA > 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Later, we divided our sample in seven age groups by marital status and sex. Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants >30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, our study suggests that the investments in public policies to encourage the practice of PA and reduction of TV time could be based on the marital status, sex, and age, prioritizing less active groups.

Association between patterns of sedentary time and academic performance in adolescents: the mediating role of self-concept / Associação entre o padrão do tempo sedentário e o desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes: o papel mediador do autoconceito

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between the pattern of sedentary time (bouts and breaks) with academic performance, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-concept. Methods: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 394 adolescents (208 girls), aged 10-14 years, from sixth grade from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The sedentary time pattern was measured through accelerometry. Definitions: sedentary bouts — uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior; breaks — non-sedentary period between two sedentary bouts. The self-concept was estimated using the Piers-Harris II Inventory. Academic performance was obtained by school grades. Results: Short sedentary bouts were associated with higher academic performance in boys (1-4 minutes: β=0.035, p=0.007) and girls (1-4 minutes: β=0.031, p=0.014; 5-14 minutes: β=0.054, p=0.001). Long bouts (30 minutes) were associated with lower academic performance in boys (β=-0.023; p=0.011) and girls (β=-0.032; p<0.001). For girls, total and intellectual self-concept mediated the association between all sedentary pattern and academic performance (bouts 1-4 minutes [total: 39% and intellectual: 42.8%]; bouts 5-14 minutes [total: 21.5% and intellectual: 35.4%]; bouts ≥30 minutes [total: 22.6% and intellectual: 32.3%]; and breaks [total: 38.9% and intellectual: 40.7%]). For boys, the total (56.4%) and intellectual (82.9%) self-concept mediated only the association between bouts of 5-14 minute and academic performance. Conclusions: The pattern of sedentary time is associated with academic performance in adolescents and this association is mediated by self-concept, especially in girls.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o padrão do tempo sedentário (bouts e breaks) e o desempenho acadêmico, com ênfase no papel mediador do autoconceito. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo transversal 394 adolescentes (208 moças), de 10 a 14 anos, da sexta série de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. O padrão do tempo sedentário foi obtido por meio de acelerometria. Definições: bouts sedentários — períodos ininterruptos em comportamento sedentário; breaks — período não sedentário entre duas séries sedentárias. O autoconceito foi estimado usando o Inventário Piers-Harris II. O desempenho acadêmico foi obtido pelas notas escolares. Resultados: Bouts sedentários curtos foram associados com maior desempenho acadêmico em rapazes (1-4 minutos: β=0,035, p=0,007) e moças (1-4 minutos: β=0,031, p=0,014; 5-14 minutos: β=0,054, p=0,001). Bouts longos (30 minutos) foram associados a menor desempenho acadêmico em rapazes (β=-0,023; p=0,011) e moças (β=-0,032; p<0,001). Para as moças, o autoconceito total e intelectual mediou a associação entre todos os padrões sedentários e o desempenho acadêmico (bouts de 1-4 minutos [total: 39% e intelectual: 42,8%]; bouts de 5-14 minutos [total: 21,5% e intelectual: 35,4%]; bouts ≥30 minutos [total: 22,6% e intelectual: 32,3%]; e breaks [total: 38,9% e intelectual: 40,7%]). Para os rapazes, o autoconceito total (56,4%) e intelectual (82,9%) mediaram apenas a associação entre bouts de 5-14 minutos e desempenho acadêmico. Conclusões: O padrão do tempo sedentário está associado ao desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes, e essa associação é mediada pelo autoconceito, principalmente em moças.

Effects of a multimodal physical exercise program on physical and mental health indicators in males with substance use disorder / Efeitos de um programa multimodal de exercícios físicos na saúde física e mental em homens com dependência química

INTRODUCTION: Substance use disorder (SUD) is seen as a serious and growing public safety and health problem worldwide. Long-term sequelae may involve permanent damage to physical fitness, body balance, and coordination skills, with a severe motor, functional, and emotional consequences. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of 16 sessions of a multimodal physical exercise program on physical fitness, body balance, and internalized stigma of inpatients for the treatment of Substance use disorder. METHODS: Forty-three males with Substance use disorder (aged 33.9±12.4 years) were divided into an Intervention Group (IG, n=21) and Control Group (CG, n=22). The IG was submitted to eight weeks of training with physical exercises. Participants were submitted to the evaluation of internalized stigma, body balance, agility, and flexibility, before and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Positive results were observed in physical fitness (agility, p=0.001) and body balance variables (center of pressure path with closed eyes, p=0.050, and ellipse area with closed eyes, p=0.031). The time of substance use correlated with lower performance in agility and body balance tests. CONCLUSION: The data seem to support the potential benefit of physical exercise as an adjunct in Substance use disorder rehabilitation process, particularly for physical fitness and body balance variables.

INTRODUÇÃO: A dependência química (DQ) é vista como um problema grave e crescente de saúde e segurança pública ao redor do mundo. As sequelas a longo prazo podem envolver prejuízos à aptidão física, equilíbrio corporal e capacidades coordenativas, com consequências motoras, funcionais e emocionais severas. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de 16 sessões de um programa multimodal de exercícios físicos na aptidão física, equilíbrio corporal e estigma internalizado em pacientes internados para o tratamento de dependência química. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 43 homens com dependência química (idade 33,9±12,4 anos), divididos em Grupo Intervenção (GI, n=21) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=22). O GI foi submetido a oito semanas de treinamento com exercícios físicos. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação do estigma internalizado, equilíbrio corporal, agilidade e flexibilidade, antes e após o período de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Resultados positivos foram observados na aptidão física (agilidade, p=0,001) e variáveis do equilíbrio corporal (centro de pressão com os olhos fechados, p=0,050, e área da elipse com os olhos fechados, p=0,031). O tempo de uso de substância correlacionou-se com os piores desempenhos nos testes de agilidade e equilíbrio corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados parecem corroborar os potenciais benefícios do exercício físico como um adjuvante no processo de reabilitação da dependência química, particularmente para as variáveis da aptidão física e equilíbrio corporal.

Validação da versão brasileira do Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short / Validación de la versión brasileña del Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short / Validation of the brazilian version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short

OBJETIVO: Analisar a validade e fidedignidade das declarações e dimensões do "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" em brasileiros adultos com e sem deficiência. MÉTODO: O presente estudo é de delineamento transversal e característica retrospectiva. Participaram do estudo 998 brasileiros adultos, com e sem deficiência, para a etapa de validade e consistência interna e 823 para reprodutibilidade, de ambos os sexos, de diferentes regiões do Brasil. O processo de validade foi analisado pela análise fatorial exploratória, a reprodutibilidade pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e a consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADO: Em todas as declarações do autoconceito físico obteve-se cargas fatoriais iguais ou superiores a 0.70, para pessoas com deficiência e pessoas sem deficiência. Os dois grupos demonstraram scores adequados de reprodutibilidade, apresentando valores ≥ 0.80. A consistência interna para as dimensões variaram entre 0.77-0.95. CONCLUSÕES: As dimensões do do "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" apresentaram validade fatorial, reprodutibilidade e consistência interna adequados, sendo recomendada a sua utilização em estudos que avaliem o autoconceito físico de brasileiros com e sem deficiência

OBJETIVO: Analizar la validez y fiabilidad de las declaraciones y dimensiones del "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" en brasileños adultos con y sin discapacidad. MÉTODO: El presente estudio es de diseño transversal retrospectivo. Participaron en el estudio 998 brasileños adultos, con y sin discapacidad, en la etapa de validez y consistencia interna y 823 para la de reproducibilidad, de ambos sexos, de diferentes regiones de Brasil. El proceso de validez fue analizado por el análisis factorial exploratorio, la reproducibilidad por el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y la consistencia interna por el alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADO: Todas las declaraciones del autoconcepto físico demostraron cargas factoriales igual o superiores a 0.70, para personas con discapacidad y personas sin discapacidad. Para los dos grupos se verificaron puntuaciones adecuadas de reproducibilidad, presentando valores ≥ 0.80. La consistencia interna para las dimensiones varía entre 0.77-0.95. CONCLUSIONES: Las dimensiones del "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" presentaron validez factorial, reproducibilidad y consistencia interna adecuadas, siendo recomendada su utilización en estudios que evalúen el autoconcepto físico de brasileños con y sin discapacidad

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the validity and reliability of the statements and dimensions of the "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" (PSDQ-S) in Brazilian adults with and without disabilities. METHOD: The present study has a cross - sectional design and a retrospective feature. 998 Brazilian adults, with and without disabilities, participated in the study for the validity and internal consistency and 823 for reproducibility, of both sexes, from different regions of Brazil. The validity process was analyzed by the exploratory factorial analysis, the reproducibility by the intraclass correlation coefficient and the internal consistency by the Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The statements of physical self-concept showed factorial loads equal to or greater than 0.70, both for people with disabilities and for people without disabilities. Adequate reproducibility scores were found for both groups, with values ≥ 0.80. The internal consistency for the dimensions ranged from 0.77-0.95. CONCLUSIONS: The dimensions of the "Physical Self-Description Questionnaire - Short" presented adequate factorial validity, reproducibility and internal consistency, being recommended their use in studies that evaluate the physical self-concept of Brazilians with and without disabilities

Social-Ecological Correlates of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity Practice among Adults.

This study calculated the exposure-response rates of social-ecological correlates of practicing regular (>150 min/week) leisure-time physical activity (PA) in 393,648 adults from the 27 Brazilian state capitals who participated in a national survey between 2006 and 2016. Regular PA encouraging factors were inputted into an exposure-response model. Growth rates for the odds ratio and prevalence of regular PA were calculated for each increase of one encouraging factor. Regular PA was reported by 22% of the participants (25% of men and 20% of women). More than 40% of men and 30% of women with higher intra-personal encouraging conditions reported practicing regular PA. There was a 3% (ages 18-32 years) to 5% (ages 46-60 years) increase in regular PA practice in men for each increase in an encouraging climate factor (temperature from 21 °C to 31 °C, humidity from 65% to 85%, 2430 to 3250 h of sun/year, and from 1560 to 1910 mm of rain/year). Encouraging intra-personal factors and favorable climate conditions had larger effects on regular PA practice than the built environment and socio-political conditions; the latter two had independent effects, but did not have a cumulative effect on PA.

Motives of participation in Paraná School Games of students-athlets in Brazil / Motivos de participación en los Juegos Escolares de Paraná de estudiantes-atletas en Brasil / Motivos de participação nos Jogos Escolares do Paraná de estudantes-atletas no Brasil

A sports practice for young people has been shown as an important tool in searching for physical, psychological and social benefits. However, some international surveys pointed out that only one part of the children and youths practice sports with some regularity, and that those who start a sports practice, there is a high rate of abandonment. In this sense, experts point out that understanding the reasons that lead to a sport practice can be an important way to understand this phenomenon, especially for the school athlete. Thua, the objective of this study was to identify the reasons for sports practice of school athletes in different sports modalities participating in the School Games of Paraná - 2016 and the variables, gender, age, and training time. In total, 2014 school athletes (1050 girls and 964 boys), aged 10 to 17, participated in the study. The results demonstrate that school athletes gave greatest importance to aspects related to improvement in technical skills, tackling challenges and exposure to risks, learning new skills, and moving to a higher level

Algunos levantamientos han señalado que sólo una parte de la población juvenil practica deporte con cierta regularidad, y entre aquellos que inician la práctica deportiva, existe un elevado índice de casos de abandono. En ese sentido, los expertos apuntan que entender los motivos que llevan a la práctica del deporte puede ser un importante camino para el entendimiento de este fenómeno, principalmente para el atleta escolar. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los motivos para la práctica del deporte de atletas escolares participantes en los Juegos Escolares de Paraná -2016 y las variables, sexo, edad y tiempo de entrenamiento. Participaron del estudio 2014 atletas. Los resultados demuestran que los atletas escolares asignaron mayor importancia a aspectos equivalentes a las razones relacionadas con el perfeccionamiento de las habilidades técnicas, el enfrentamiento de desafíos y exposición de riesgos, aprender nuevas habilidades y seguir hacia un alto nivel

Alguns levantamentos têm apontado que apenas uma parcela da população infantil e juvenil pratica esporte com alguma regularidade, e dentre aqueles que iniciam a prática esportiva, existe um elevado índice de casos de abandono. Nesse sentindo, especialistas apontam que entender os motivos que levam a prática de esporte pode ser um importante caminho para o entendimento deste fenômeno, principalmente para o atleta escolar. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os motivos para a prática de esporte de atletas escolares participantes dos Jogos Escolares do Paraná -2016 e as variáveis, sexo, idade e tempo de treino. Participaram do estudo 2014 atletas escolares. Os resultados demonstram que os atletas escolares atribuíram maior importância para aspectos equivalentes às razões relacionadas ao aprimoramento das habilidades técnicas, ao enfrentamento de desafios e exposição de riscos, aprender novas habilidades e seguir para um alto nível

Tracking of health-related physical fitness between childhood and adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the tracking of indicators of health-related physical fitness between childhood and adulthood. METHODS: The study presents a longitudinal design, with the first phase of data collection occurring annually between 2002 and 2006, and the second phase carried out in 2016. A total of 142 young adults, aged between 21 and 25 years, of both sexes participated in the study. Were evaluated body mass, stature, skinfold thickness, sit and reach test; abdominal resistance/strength test, and 20-m shuttle run test. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that all health-related physical fitness variables presented values considered moderate to high tracking (0.37-0.67; P < 0.005) between the analyzed periods. It was verified that in all variables, tracking was higher in the female group, except for the result of the running test related to the cardiorespiratory fitness component which demonstrated greater tracking in the male group (ICC = 0.37 vs ICC = 0.50). The result of the running test for males was the only variable presenting a discrepancy in the values observed between baseline and follow-up (P < 0.05; k = 0.110). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the indicators of body fat, abdominal and running tests demonstrated moderate tracking, while the sit and reach test presented high tracking.

Competition phase affect motivation and perceived performance but not the pre-competitive anxiety on professional dancers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of competition phase on pre-competitive anxiety, motivation and perceived of performance on professional contemporary dancers. Eight professional dancers from the same company were evaluated on basal condition, classificatory and final phase. Anxiety and motivation state were evaluated pre-competition and perceived of performance (PP) post-competition. ANOVA with repeated measures presented no difference for anxiety state between the competitive phases (p > 0.05). Motivation and PP were significantly higher during the final phase, tested by Friedman test (p ≤ 0.05). The data suggest competing in a final phase may lead to a major motivation and perceived of performance on professional contemporary dancers.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da fase da competição na ansiedade pré-competitiva, motivação e percepção de performance em dançarinos profissionais de dança contemporânea. Oito dançarinos profissionais da mesma companhia foram avaliados na condição basal, fase classificatória e final. O estado de ansiedade e motivação foram avaliados pré-competição e a percepção do desempenho (PP) pós-competição. ANOVA de medidas repetidas não apresentou diferença para a ansiedade entre as fases competitivas (p>0.05). Motivação e PP foram significativamente altas durante a fase final, testada pelo teste de Friedman (p ≤ 0.05). Os dados sugerem que competir na fase final pode levar a uma maior motivação e percepção de performance em dançarinos contemporâneos profissionais.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la fase de la competición en la ansiedad precompetitiva, motivación y percepción de desempeño en profesionales de danza contemporánea. Ocho bailarines profesionales fueron evaluados en la condición basal, fase clasificatoria y final. El estado de ansiedad y motivación fueron evaluados pre-competición y la percepción del desempeño (PP) post-competición. ANOVA de medidas repetidas no presentó diferencia para la ansiedad entre las fases competitivas (p> 0.05). Motivación y PP fueron significativamente altas durante la fase final, probada por Friedman (p ≤ 0.05). Los datos sugieren que competir en la fase final puede llevar a una mayor motivación y percepción de desempeño en bailarines contemporáneos profesionales.

Relação entre maturação esquelética e a orientação esportiva em jovens futebolistas

RESUMO O objetivo foi verificar a relação entre a orientação esportiva e a idade esquelética em atletas de futebol de 12 a 15 anos. A amostra foi de 106 jovens futebolistas, do sexo masculino, e foram feitas medidas do tamanho corporal, idade esquelética e para avaliação do comportamento competitivo usou-se o Sport Orientation Questionnaire com as subescalas competir (TQ1), vencer (TQ2) e estabelecer metas (TQ3). A Ancova não verificou diferença significativa entre os diferentes grupos de maturidade (p> 0,05) com a orientação esportiva, já a correlação de Spearman observou uma relação negativa apenas no grupo de maturidade "no tempo", com o TQ2 (r=-0,28). Conclui-se que a maturação esquelética apresentou fraca relação com o comportamento dos jovens atletas de futebol.

ABSTRACT The objective was to verify the relationship between sportsmanship and skeletal age in soccer players aged 12 to 15 years. The sample was of 106 young male soccer players, and measurements of body size, skeletal age and competitive behavior were used. The Sport Orientation Questionnaire was used with the sub scales to compete (TQ1), to win (TQ2) and to establish goals (TQ3). The ANCOVA did not find a significant difference between the different maturity groups (P> 0.05) with the sports orientation, whereas the Spearman correlation observed a negative relation only in the maturity group "in time", with TQ2 (r=- 0.28). It was concluded that the skeletal maturation presented a weak relation with the behavior of the young soccer athletes.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue comprobar la relación entre la orientación deportiva y la edad esquelética en futbolistas de 12 a 15 años. La muestra estaba compuesta por 106 jóvenes futbolistas de sexo masculino y se tomaron medidas del tamaño corporal y la edad esquelética, y para la evaluación del comportamiento competitivo se utilizó el Sport Orientation Questionnaire con las subescalas competir (TQ1), ganar (TQ2) y establecer metas (TQ3). El ANCOVA no verificó ninguna diferencia considerable entre los diferentes grupos de madurez (p> 0,05) respecto a la orientación deportiva, mientras que la correlación de Spearman observó una relación negativa solo en el grupo de madurez «en el tiempo¼ con el TQ2 (r=-0,28). Se concluye que la maduración esquelética presentó una débil relación con el comportamiento de los jóvenes futbolistas.

Postural Control of People in treatment for substance use disorder

Abstract Aims: One of the common sequelae of chronic abuse of alcohol and/or illicit drugs is the impairment of body balance control, caused by long-term neurological damage. This study aimed to investigate the postural control of individuals hospitalized for the treatment of substance use disorder (initial phase) and to compare the results obtained by a control group. Method: For this, One-hundred fourteen individuals hospitalized for the treatment of substance use disorder and eighty-eight healthy controls, all males, were analyzed. Body mass, height, and waist circumference were measured. Were performed a balance test in a static upright position with feet side by side using a plantar pressure platform. Results: Individuals with substance use disorder have shown significantly lower results on body balance compared with controls. Individuals with chemical dependence showed balance results open-eyes, similar/lower than control subjects with close-eyes. Still, those who used only alcohol or alcohol combined with other illicit drugs presented worse results. Finally, impairments in body balance variables showed a significant correlation with age and substance time of use. Conclusion: Even in the early stage of treatment, substance use disorder considerably impairs the balance of the investigated men. The worst results were found in alcohol-dependents (alcohol alone or alcohol combined with other drugs).

Secular trend of physical fitness indicators related to health in children / Tendência secular dos indicadores de aptidão física relacionados à saúde em crianças

INTRODUCTION: Health-related physical fitness (HRPF) demonstratesan inverse association with several cardiovascular risk factors in young people; however, few studies have investigated the alterationsin HRPF indicators throughout a determined period. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the secular trend of HRPF indicators in children of seven to 10 years of age. METHODS: In total, 1,136 subjects were analyzed, seven to 10 years of age, in three-time periods (2002, 2005, 2010-2011). The HRPF tests were: sit-and-reach (SR), abdominal resistance (AB), 9 min walk/run test (9min), and body adiposity by the skinfold sum (∑SF). Classification of the HRPF indicators was carried out by the Physical Best cut-off point. The ANCOVA test (controlled by BMI, height and ∑SF) was used to compare the differencesin HRPF indicators betweenthe three-time periods. RESULTS: Boys presented a 6% decrease in flexibility between the 2010 and 2002 periods; no significance was found in the AB test; children of both sexes presented higher values in the 9min test in the 2005 period. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was a negative secular trend for HRPF, in that the individuals studied in 2010 presented inferior results to their peers (2002-2005) for HRPF, in both sexes, except for abdominal strength and endurance.

INTRODUÇÃO: A aptidão física relacionada à saúde (AFRS) apresenta associação inversa com diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular em jovens, no entanto, poucos estudos têm investigado as alterações ocorridas ao longo de um determinado período nesses indicadores em crianças. OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência secular de indicadores da AFRS em crianças de sete a 10 anos de idade. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta de 1.136 sujeitos com idade de sete a 10 anos avaliados em três períodos do tempo (2002, 2005, 2010-11). Os testes de AFRS incluíram o teste de sentar-e-alcançar (SA), resistência abdominal (ABDO), corrida/caminhada de 9 min (9min) e para a adiposidade corporal utilizou-se o somatório de dobras cutâneas (∑DC). A classificação desses indicadores foi realizada através dos pontos de corte da Physical Best. O teste de ANCOVA (controlado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), estatura e ∑DC) comparou a diferença nos indicadores de AFRS entre os três períodos do tempo. RESULTADOS: Meninos apresentaram um declínio da flexibilidade de 6% entre os anos de 2010 e 2002; não ocorreram alterações significativas para teste de ABDO; crianças de ambos os sexos apresentaram maiores valores para o teste de 9 min no ano de 2005. CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu tendência secular negativa para a AFRS, sendo que os indivíduos estudados em 2010 apresentaram resultados inferiores comparados aos seus pares (2002-2005) para a AFRS, em ambos os sexos, com exceção para força e resistência abdominal.

Estigma internalizado de indivíduos em tratamento para dependência química e sua relação com a prática de atividade física / Stigma internalized by individuals in treatment for substance dependence and its relationship with physical activity / Estigma internalizado de individuos en tratamiento para dependencia química y su relación con la práctica de actividad física

Indivíduos com dependência química tendem a ser estigmatizados e, uma vez que este estigma é internalizado, podem ocorrer prejuízos na adesão ao tratamento e a reinserção social. O objetivo do estudo é analisar o estigma internalizado de indivíduos em tratamento para dependência química e sua relação com a prática de atividade física. Para tanto, 106 indivíduos com dependência química responderam a questionários sobre estigma internalizado e prática de atividade física. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e análises de correlação. O estigma internalizado mostrou-se em geral elevado, com maiores pontuações para Alienação, Percepção de discriminação e Evitação social. Foi verificada correlação significativa inversa entre a prática de atividade física e o estigma internalizado, indicando que a oferta de programas de atividade física na fase de reabilitação pode ser benéfica não apenas para a melhora da condição física, mas também para a redução dos danos psicológicos impostos pela dependência química

Substance-dependent individuals tend to be stigmatized. Internalizing that stigma may result in impairments to their adherence to treatment and social reintegration. This study analyzed stigma internalized by individuals in treatment for substance dependence and its relation to physical activity. Questionnaires on internalized stigma and physical activity were responded by 106 substance-dependent individuals. The data were treated by descriptive statistics and correlation analyzes. Internalized stigma was generally high, with higher scores for Alienation, Perception of Discrimination, and Social Avoidance. Significant inverse correlation was found between physical activity and internalized stigma, indicating that physical activity programs during rehabilitation may not only improve those individuals' physical condition but also reduce the psychological damages imposed by substance dependency

Los individuos con dependencia química tienden a ser estigmatizados y, una vez que este estigma es internalizado, puede perjudicar la adhesión al tratamiento y la reinserción social. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el estigma internalizado de individuos en tratamiento para adicción química y su relación con la práctica de actividad física. Para ello, 106 individuos con dependencia química respondieron a cuestionarios sobre estigma internalizado y práctica de actividad física. Los datos fueron tratados con estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación. El estigma internalizado se mostró en general elevado, con mayores puntuaciones para Alienación, Percepción de discriminación y Evitación social. Se verificó una correlación significativa inversa entre la práctica de actividad física y el estigma internalizado, indicando que la oferta de programas de actividad física en la fase de rehabilitación puede ser beneficiosa no solo para mejorar la condición física, sino también para la reducción de los daños psicológicos impuestos por la dependencia química

Motives for sports practice in young soccer and volleyball athletes / Motivos para prática de esportes em atletas jovens de futebol e voleibol

Abstract The reasons why athletes, especially young people, seek to adhere to sports practice has aroused the interest of research. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for the sports practice of young soccer and volleyball athletes according to gender, age, family economic class, practice time and level of competitiveness. 188 athletes, 56 volleyball athletes and 132 soccer players aged 10-16 participated in the study. The reasons for the sport were identified through the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). The data were analyzed through Covariance Analysis. The results indicated that, in general, the most important reason for sports practice was "Technical Competence" (4.51±0.54), followed by factors of intermediate importance: "Competition" (4.30±0.73), "Group Activity" (4.29±0.71) and "Physical Fitness" (4.25±0.64). Low-income families (C) attributed greater importance to the motivation factors related to "Social Recognition" and "Group Activity". Athletes with lower practice time conceded less relevance to "Group Activity" and "Affiliation", while those with a national competitive level demonstrated greater importance to all motivation factors, with the exception of "Competition." Young athletes have been motivated to practice sports, especially for reasons related to self-realization, improvement of technical skills and overcoming challenges. Differences were also identified between family economic class groups, practice time and competitive level in the motivation factors for sports practice.

Resumo Os motivos pelos quais atletas, especialmente jovens, buscam aderir à prática esportiva tem despertado o interesse das pesquisas. Objetivou-se identificar os motivos para a prática esportiva de atletas jovens de futebol e voleibol de acordo com o sexo, idade, classe econômica familiar, tempo de prática e nível de competitividade. Participaram do estudo 188 atletas, 56 atletas de voleibol e 132 de futebol, com idades entre 10-16 anos. Os motivos para a prática esportiva foram identificados mediante o Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Covariância. Os resultados indicaram que, de modo geral, o motivo mais importante para a prática esportiva foi "Competência Técnica" (4,51±0,54), seguido pelos fatores com importância intermediária: "Competição" (4,30±0,73), "Atividade de Grupo" (4,29±0,71) e "Aptidão Física" (4.25 ± 0.64). Atletas de classe econômica familiar inferior (C) atribuíram maior relevância aos fatores de motivação relacionados ao "Reconhecimento Social" e "Atividade de Grupo". Atletas com tempo de prática inferior concederam menor relevância para "Atividade de Grupo" e "Afiliação", enquanto aqueles com nível competitivo nacional demonstraram maior importância a todos os fatores de motivação, com exceção de "Competição". Os atletas jovens demonstraram-se motivados para a prática esportiva, especialmente, pelos motivos ligados à autorrealização, ao aperfeiçoamento das habilidades técnicas e a superação de desafios. Também foram identificadas diferenças entre os grupos de classe econômica familiar, tempo de prática e nível competitivo nos fatores de motivação para a prática esportiva.

Análise do equilíbrio corporal e aptidão física de indivíduos em tratamento para dependência química / Analysis of body balance and physical fitness of individuals under treatment for chemical dependence

O abuso de álcool e drogas pode ocasionar efeitos negativos nas habilidades motoras e capacidades coordenativas. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado a precariedade nos níveis de aptidão física em indivíduos dependentes químicos, sendo que variáveis da aptidão física e equilíbrio corporal são influenciados pelo consumo prolongado dessas substâncias mesmo após a cessação do uso. O obje-tivo do presente estudo foi avaliar indicadores da aptidão física e equilíbrio corporal de indivíduos internados para tratamento de dependência química, relacionando os dados ao tempo de uso de drogas ou álcool. Foram analisados indicadores antropométricos, flexibilidade, agilidade e equilíbrio de 46 indivíduos adultos (14 mulheres e 32 homens com 38,3 ± 12,9 anos), que também responde-ram uma anamnese. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste t student, Mann Whitney e correlação de Spearman, adotando-se p ≤ 0,05. Os resultados obtidos demonstram maior prevalência de pacien-tes do sexo masculino, dependentes de múltiplas substâncias, baixo nível de escolaridade, tempo de consumo superior a 10 anos e que não praticavam atividade física regular previamente à internação. Quanto maior o tempo de uso, piores são os resultados nos testes de agilidade e equilíbrio, tanto com olhos abertos quanto com os olhos fechados. É possível concluir que tanto o avançar da idade quanto o maior tempo de dependência pioram o desempenho nas variáveis agilidade e equilíbrio corporal. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância em oferecer programas de atividade física que aprimorem as-pectos da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de indivíduos internados para tratamento de dependência química, sobretudo para aqueles com maior tempo de uso de drogas e álcool

Alcohol and drugs abuse can have negative effects on motor skills and physical capabilities. Several studies have demonstrated the precariousness of the physical fitness levels of individuals with chemical dependence, and that variables of physical fitness and body balance are influenced by prolonged consumption of these sub-stances even after cessation of use. The objective of the study was to evaluate indicators of physical fitness and body balance of individuals hospitalized for treatment of chemical dependence, relating the data to the time of drug or alcohol use. Anthropometric, flexibility, agility and balance indicators of 46 adult individuals (14 women and 32 men with 38.3 ± 12.9 years) were analyzed, and they also answered an anamnesis. De-scriptive statistics, Student's t test, Mann Whitney and Spearman's correlation were used, adopting p ≤ 0.05. Results showed a higher prevalence of male patients, dependent on multiple substances, low level of schooling, consumption time of more than 10 years and who did not practice regular physical activity prior to hospital-ization. The longer the time of drug use, the worse the results in the agility and balance tests, both with open eyes and closed eyes. It is possible to conclude that both the advancing age and the greater dependence time worsen performance in the variables agility and body balance Therefore, it is important to offer programs of physical activity that improve aspects of physical fitness related to the health of individuals hospitalized for treatment of chemical dependence, especially for those with a longer time of drug and alcohol use

Body fat and lipid profile of monozygotic twins discordant for insulin resistance / Gordura corporal e perfil lipídico de gêmeos monozigóticos discordantes para resistência à insulina

Abstract The study investigated alterations in body fat and metabolic profile of adolescent monozygotic twins, resulting from discordance for insulin resistance, adjusted for physical activity, physical fitness and heredity. Thirty-eight pairs of monozygotic twins were assessed for anthropometric measurements to estimate body fat. Physical fitness was estimated with treadmill test and use of ergospirometer. Daily physical activity was estimated from the daily count of steps measured by a pedometer during 3 days. Fasting blood samples were used to determine blood glucose, insulin, lipid parameters. The Homa-IR and HOMA-β indexes were calculated. Twins with measures higher than 2.5 were considered insulin resistant. When both brothers were below or above cutoffs, the pair was allocated to the concordant group. When one brother was insulin resistant and the other was not, the pair was allocated in the discordant group. Twins were compared using paired test. In the discordant group, it was observed that insulin-resistant twins had higher birth weight values, bodyweight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, body fat (sum of skinfolds), Homa-β index and lower HDL compared to their corresponding pair. Insulin-resistant twins showed higher values in anthropometry and body composition, as well as in the glycemia and insulin index and lower HDL. These events may have been unchained by metabolic alterations possibly originating from gestational stage, however, modulated by body composition.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar alterações na composição corporal e perfil metabólico de gêmeos monozigóticos adolescentes, decorrentes da discordância para resistência à insulina, ajustados para atividade física, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e hereditariedade. Participaram do estudo 38 pares de gêmeos monozigóticos (11 a 17 anos). Foram obtidas as medidas antropométricas de massa corporal (MC), estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e espessuras de dobras cutâneas (EDC). Todos os gêmeos foram submetidos a teste de esforço máximo em esteira rolante com análise direta dos gases (VO2máx), avaliação da atividade física diária por meio de pedômetros, a coleta de sangue em jejum para estimativa da glicemia, insulina e perfil lipídico, e posterior estimativa do índice HOMA-RI e HOMA-β. Os pares onde os irmãos apresentavam-se ambos abaixo ou acima do ponto de corte (Homa-RI < 2,5) foram alocados no grupo concordante (GC). Quando um irmão era resistente e outro não resistente à insulina, este par foi alocado no grupo discordante (GD). Foi observado, no GD, que os gêmeos resistentes à insulina, apresentavam maiores valores de peso de nascimento, MC, IMC, CC, percentual de gordura, adiposidade corporal (soma EDC) e índice Homa-β, além de menor valor de HDL comparados aos seus pares correspondentes. Jovens resistentes à insulina apresentaram valores superiores na antropometria e composição corporal, bem como, índices glicêmicos e insulínicos e menor HDL. Estes eventos podem ter sido desencadeados pelas alterações metabólicas possivelmente originadas na fase gestacional, porém, moduladas pela composição corporal.