Long-term survival in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based therapy.

BACKGROUND/AIM: First-line bevacizumab-based therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to descriptively analyse patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received a long-term period of maintenance bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 104 patients who had already reached a progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 9 months. RESULTS: Median overall survival and PFS were 30.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 83 %. Weight loss ≤5 %, ECOG PS = 0, or low number of metastatic sites seem to be predictive factors of good evolution. The incidence of bevacizumab-related adverse events appeared to be similar as the previous studies. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that there is a long-term survivor group whom the administration of bevacizumab resulted in a relevant prolongation of response without new safety signals. Due to the population heterogeneity, it was not possible to identify the standardised predictive factors.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biofilm Production by Salmonella sp. Strains Isolated from Frozen Poultry Carcasses

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm-producing ability of Salmonella sp. strains isolated from frozen poultry carcasses. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk-diffusion method. Biofilm-producing ability was determined in 96-well polystyrene microplates stained with crystal violet at 1%. Out of the 22 strains tested, all were multiresistant, that is, resistant to more than three antimicrobial classes, and 72.7% were able to form biofilms. The highest resistance rates obtained were against sulfonamides, tetracycline, and quinolones. On the other hand, 100% of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol. According to the rate of biofilm formation, 3 (13.6%) and 13 (59.1%) strains were classified as moderate and weak biofilm-producers, respectively, and 27.3% did not form biofilms. Biofilms increase the tolerance of microorganisms to stress, reducing their sensitivity to disinfectants and antimicrobials; favor equipment corrosion; and act as substrates for the adhesion of bacteria with lower biofilm-producing capacity. The results of the present study stress the importance of cleaning procedures in food processing plants and highlight the public health risks related to the emergence of multiresistant strains.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biofilm Production by Salmonella sp. Strains Isolated from Frozen Poultry Carcasses

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm-producing ability of Salmonella sp. strains isolated from frozen poultry carcasses. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk-diffusion method. Biofilm-producing ability was determined in 96-well polystyrene microplates stained with crystal violet at 1%. Out of the 22 strains tested, all were multiresistant, that is, resistant to more than three antimicrobial classes, and 72.7% were able to form biofilms. The highest resistance rates obtained were against sulfonamides, tetracycline, and quinolones. On the other hand, 100% of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol. According to the rate of biofilm formation, 3 (13.6%) and 13 (59.1%) strains were classified as moderate and weak biofilm-producers, respectively, and 27.3% did not form biofilms. Biofilms increase the tolerance of microorganisms to stress, reducing their sensitivity to disinfectants and antimicrobials; favor equipment corrosion; and act as substrates for the adhesion of bacteria with lower biofilm-producing capacity. The results of the present study stress the importance of cleaning procedures in food processing plants and highlight the public health risks related to the emergence of multiresistant strains.(AU)

Effect of Genetic Strain and Sex on Water Absorption and Water-To-Protein Ratio in Chicken Meat

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the water and protein contents and the water-to-protein ratio of chicken parts before and after the pre-chilling process, to compare these results with the values officially recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, and to evaluate the effect of genetic strain and sex on these parameters. Water (%) and protein (%) contents, and water-to-protein ratio (WPR) of boneless and skinless breast (FILLETS) and breast with bone and skin (BREAST) were determined before (BPC) and after (APC) carcass pre-chilling. A total of 585 samples were evaluated: 221 fillets/male, 216 breasts/male, 76 fillets/female, and 72 fillets/female of four different broilers strains were evaluated before (BPC) and after (APC) samples. Water and protein contents and water-to-protein ratio were determined according to the Brazilian legislation. Results showed that there were no significant differences between genetic strains (p 0.05) neither in samples collected before or after the chiller. There were no statistical differences in the parameters studied among genetic strains. However, a high percentage of male breast samples presented water level and water-to-protein ratio above the official limits already before pre-chilling.

Effect of Genetic Strain and Sex on Water Absorption and Water-To-Protein Ratio in Chicken Meat

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the water and protein contents and the water-to-protein ratio of chicken parts before and after the pre-chilling process, to compare these results with the values officially recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, and to evaluate the effect of genetic strain and sex on these parameters. Water (%) and protein (%) contents, and water-to-protein ratio (WPR) of boneless and skinless breast (FILLETS) and breast with bone and skin (BREAST) were determined before (BPC) and after (APC) carcass pre-chilling. A total of 585 samples were evaluated: 221 fillets/male, 216 breasts/male, 76 fillets/female, and 72 fillets/female of four different broilers strains were evaluated before (BPC) and after (APC) samples. Water and protein contents and water-to-protein ratio were determined according to the Brazilian legislation. Results showed that there were no significant differences between genetic strains (p 0.05) neither in samples collected before or after the chiller. There were no statistical differences in the parameters studied among genetic strains. However, a high percentage of male breast samples presented water level and water-to-protein ratio above the official limits already before pre-chilling.(AU)

Avaliação histomorfométrica e da proliferação celular em úlceras de córnea superficiais, induzidas em coelhos, após o uso de colírio de Citrus lemon / Histomorphometry evaluation and cellular proliferation in superficial corneal ulcer, induced in rabbits, after using eyedrops of Citrus lemon

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar, por meio de histomorfometria e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA (Antígeno Nuclear de Proliferação Celular), o processo de reparação corneal de úlceras superficiais induzidas em coelhos e tratadas com colírios de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon (CL). Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas da espécie leporina, constituindo-se quatro grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Todos os animais foram submetidos à indução da úlcera superficial experimental por meio da aplicação tópica de n-heptanol. Em dois grupos foram instilados colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, em diferentes concentrações, sendo 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). Outro grupo foi tratado com Tween 80 8% (GT), que é o diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de CL; o grupo controle (GC) recebeu apenas substituto da lágrima. Todos os colírios foram aplicados quatro vezes ao dia. Os grupos experimentais foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos, com cinco animais cada, de acordo com os períodos finais de avaliação. O primeiro subgrupo (M1) foi avaliado após 24 horas e o segundo (M2), após cinco dias. Nas comparações entre os momentos iniciais e finais, os grupos tratados com substituto da lágrima, Tween 80 8% e colírio à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon 5% promoveram aumento na espessura epitelial na periferia da córnea e maior percentual de proliferação celular. Não houve diferença de celularidade entre os tratamentos. Os colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, nas diferentes concentrações, promoveram a reepitelização corneal, sem causar lesões adicionais ao epitélio ou estroma corneal, podendo ser utilizado na superfície ocular.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare through histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry for PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), the repair process in superficial corneal ulcers induced in rabbits and treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon (CL) essential oil. Fifty female rabbits were used and divided into 4 experimental groups of 10 animals each one. Every animal underwent induction of experimental superficial ulcer by topical application of n-heptanol. Three groups were treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil in two different concentrations: 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5). Another group was treated with Tween 80 8% (GT), which is the solvent used in the production of eyedrops of CL; the control group (CG) received only tear substitute. All eyedrops were applied four times daily. The experimental groups were divided into two subgroups with five animals in each one, according to the final evaluation periods. The first subgroup (M1) was evaluated after 24 hours and the second (M2) after 5 days. In the comparison between the initial and final moments, the groups treated with tear substitute, Tween 80 8% and eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil 5% had an increase in epithelial thickness at the periphery of the cornea and a higher percentage of cell proliferation. There was no difference in cellularity between treatments. The eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, at different concentrations, promoted corneal reepithelialization without causing further injury to the epithelium and corneal stroma, so they can be used on the ocular surface.

Avaliação histomorfométrica e da proliferação celular em úlceras de córnea superficiais, induzidas em coelhos, após o uso de colírio de Citrus lemon / Histomorphometry evaluation and cellular proliferation in superficial corneal ulcer, induced in rabbits, after using eyedrops of Citrus lemon

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar, por meio de histomorfometria e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA (Antígeno Nuclear de Proliferação Celular), o processo de reparação corneal de úlceras superficiais induzidas em coelhos e tratadas com colírios de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon (CL). Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas da espécie leporina, constituindo-se quatro grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Todos os animais foram submetidos à indução da úlcera superficial experimental por meio da aplicação tópica de n-heptanol. Em dois grupos foram instilados colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, em diferentes concentrações, sendo 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). Outro grupo foi tratado com Tween 80 8% (GT), que é o diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de CL; o grupo controle (GC) recebeu apenas substituto da lágrima. Todos os colírios foram aplicados quatro vezes ao dia. Os grupos experimentais foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos, com cinco animais cada, de acordo com os períodos finais de avaliação. O primeiro subgrupo (M1) foi avaliado após 24 horas e o segundo (M2), após cinco dias. Nas comparações entre os momentos iniciais e finais, os grupos tratados com substituto da lágrima, Tween 80 8% e colírio à base de óleo essencial deCitrus lemon 5% promoveram aumento na espessura epitelial na periferia da córnea e maior percentual de proliferação celular. Não houve diferença de celularidade entre os tratamentos. Os colírios à base de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon, nas diferentes concentrações, promoveram a reepitelização corneal, sem causar lesões adicionais ao epitélio ou estroma corneal, podendo ser utilizado na superfície ocular(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare through histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry for PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), the repair process in superficial corneal ulcers induced in rabbits and treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon (CL) essential oil. Fifty female rabbits were used and divided into 4 experimental groups of 10 animals each one. Every animal underwent induction of experimental superficial ulcer by topical application of n-heptanol. Three groups were treated with eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil in two different concentrations: 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5). Another group was treated with Tween 80 8% (GT), which is the solvent used in the production of eyedrops of CL; the control group (CG) received only tear substitute. All eyedrops were applied four times daily. The experimental groups were divided into two subgroups with five animals in each one, according to the final evaluation periods. The first subgroup (M1) was evaluated after 24 hours and the second (M2) after 5 days. In the comparison between the initial and final moments, the groups treated with tear substitute, Tween 80 8% and eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil 5% had an increase in epithelial thickness at the periphery of the cornea and a higher percentage of cell proliferation. There was no difference in cellularity between treatments. The eyedrops of Citrus lemon essential oil, at different concentrations, promoted corneal reepithelialization without causing further injury to the epithelium and corneal stroma, so they can be used on the ocular surface(AU)

Avaliação histopatológica da cápsula posterior associada ao implante de lente intraocular com superfície modificada com plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol em coelhos / Histopathological evaluation of posterior capsule associated with intraocular lens implant with modified surface using fluorine and poliethilene glycol plasma in rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento da superfície de lentes intraoculares acrílicas utilizando-se plasma de flúor ou polietilenoglicol na prevenção da opacidade de cápsula posterior. Foram analisados 40 olhos de coelhos, submetidos à cirurgia de facoemulsificação e distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=10), sendo estes: grupo controle, coelhos sem implante de lente intraocular; grupo com lente intraocular tratada com plasma de polietilenoglicol; grupo com lente intraocular tratada com plasma de flúor; e grupo com lente intraocular comercial. As cápsulas posteriores das lentes dos grupos foram avaliadas por meio de análise histopatológica (morfometria e imuno-histoquímica). Os grupos com lente intraocular tratada com polietilenoglicol e com lente intraocular comercial apresentaram menor espessura da cápsula posterior na avaliação inicial (12 semanas) em relação ao grupo controle. No período final de avaliação (6 meses), os tratamentos da superfície da lente intraocular à base de plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol não reduziram o desenvolvimento das alterações histológicas associadas à opacidade de cápsula posterior. O tratamento das superfícies das lentes intraoculares com plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol pode ser realizado como adjuvante na prevenção da opacidade de cápsula posterior, pois não causa alterações na morfologia da lente após facoemulsificação.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment of acrylic intraocular lens using Fluorine plasma or polyethylene glycol in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Forty rabbit eyes that underwent phacoemulsification were analyzed and distributed into four experimental groups (n=10): Control group, composed of rabbits without intraocular lens implantation; intraocular lens group treated with Polyethylene glycol plasma, intraocular lens group treated with Fluoride plasma, and commercial intraocular lens group. The posterior capsule of the lens was evaluated by histopathological analysis, including morphometric and immunohistochemical studies. Groups with intraocular lens treated with polyethylene glycol and commercial intraocular lens presented thinner posterior capsule at initial assessment (12 weeks) compared to the control group. At the end of the evaluation (six months), the treatment of surface intraocular lens with fluorine and polyethylene glycol plasma did not reduce the development of histological changes associated with posterior capsule opacification. The surface treatment of the intraocular lens with Fluoride and Polyethylene glycol can be performed as an adjuvant in preventing posterior capsule opacification, because it does not cause changes in the morphology of lens after phacoemulsification surgery.

Hemangiossarcoma corneal em cão / Corneal hemangiosarcoma in a dog

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia maligna e sua apresentação corneal é rara em cães. Relata-se um caso de hemangiossarcoma corneal primário, em uma fêmea canina, sem raça definida, de 20kg, nove anos de idade e com histórico de crescimento progressivo de massa em bulbo ocular direito há dois meses. Ao exame oftálmico do olho direito, foram observados blefarospasmo, hiperemia conjuntival moderada e presença de nódulo avermelhado, irregular em região dorsal de córnea direita, ocupando cerca de 60% dela. A ultrassonografia ocular foi realizada, e constatou-se que a neoplasia acometia apenas a córnea. Por meio do exame citológico, foi diagnosticada neoplasia mesenquimal maligna. O paciente foi submetido à ceratectomia seguida de flap de terceira pálpebra. Encaminhou-se o material excisado para análise histopatológica, e foi diagnosticado hemangiossarcoma. Após 15 dias, o flap de terceira pálpebra foi retirado, e, ao exame oftálmico, notou-se a recidiva da neoplasia, que recobria toda a córnea e parte da conjuntiva bulbar, procedendo-se à enucleação. O paciente foi submetido à ultrassonografia abdominal e à radiografia torácica sem nenhuma alteração evidente, o que caracterizou o caráter primário da afecção. Após dois anos do procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente encontra-se bem clinicamente, sem qualquer sinal de recidiva ou metástase. Apesar da exérese cirúrgica da neoplasia com margens limpas, em casos de hemangiossarcoma com comportamento agressivo, a enucleação deve ser considerada uma opção viável para um protocolo terapêutico de sucesso e melhor prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm and its corneal presentation is uncommon in the dog. The present work reports a case of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma on a mongrel female dog, 20kg, nine years old with a 2 month history of a mass with progressive growth in the right eye. The ophthalmic examination of the right eye showed blepharospasm, moderated conjunctival hyperemia and the presence of a reddish irregular nodule on the dorsal region of the cornea, occupying approximately 60% of the cornea. The ocular ultrasound revealed that the neoplasm affected only the cornea and the cytological examination diagnosed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. The patient was submitted to keratectomy followed by a third eyelid flap. The excised material was sent for histopathological analysis that diagnosed hemangiosarcoma. Fifteen days after surgery the third eyelid flap was removed and the ophthalmic examination revealed recurrence of the tumor, with the mass occupying the entire cornea and part of the bulbar conjunctiva. The patient was submitted to enucleation. No alterations were observed on the abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography, showing the primary characteristics of the disease. Two years after surgery the patient is clinically healthy, without any signs of recurrence or metastasis. Despite the surgical excision of the tumor with free margins, in cases of hemangiosarcoma with aggressive behavior, the enucleation should be considered as a viable option for a successfull therapeutic protocol and better prognosis of the patient.(AU)

Hemangiossarcoma corneal em cão / Corneal hemangiosarcoma in a dog

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia maligna e sua apresentação corneal é rara em cães. Relata-se um caso de hemangiossarcoma corneal primário, em uma fêmea canina, sem raça definida, de 20kg, nove anos de idade e com histórico de crescimento progressivo de massa em bulbo ocular direito há dois meses. Ao exame oftálmico do olho direito, foram observados blefarospasmo, hiperemia conjuntival moderada e presença de nódulo avermelhado, irregular em região dorsal de córnea direita, ocupando cerca de 60% dela. A ultrassonografia ocular foi realizada, e constatou-se que a neoplasia acometia apenas a córnea. Por meio do exame citológico, foi diagnosticada neoplasia mesenquimal maligna. O paciente foi submetido à ceratectomia seguida de flap de terceira pálpebra. Encaminhou-se o material excisado para análise histopatológica, e foi diagnosticado hemangiossarcoma. Após 15 dias, o flap de terceira pálpebra foi retirado, e, ao exame oftálmico, notou-se a recidiva da neoplasia, que recobria toda a córnea e parte da conjuntiva bulbar, procedendo-se à enucleação. O paciente foi submetido à ultrassonografia abdominal e à radiografia torácica sem nenhuma alteração evidente, o que caracterizou o caráter primário da afecção. Após dois anos do procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente encontra-se bem clinicamente, sem qualquer sinal de recidiva ou metástase. Apesar da exérese cirúrgica da neoplasia com margens limpas, em casos de hemangiossarcoma com comportamento agressivo, a enucleação deve ser considerada uma opção viável para um protocolo terapêutico de sucesso e melhor prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm and its corneal presentation is uncommon in the dog. The present work reports a case of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma on a mongrel female dog, 20kg, nine years old with a 2 month history of a mass with progressive growth in the right eye. The ophthalmic examination of the right eye showed blepharospasm, moderated conjunctival hyperemia and the presence of a reddish irregular nodule on the dorsal region of the cornea, occupying approximately 60% of the cornea. The ocular ultrasound revealed that the neoplasm affected only the cornea and the cytological examination diagnosed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. The patient was submitted to keratectomy followed by a third eyelid flap. The excised material was sent for histopathological analysis that diagnosed hemangiosarcoma. Fifteen days after surgery the third eyelid flap was removed and the ophthalmic examination revealed recurrence of the tumor, with the mass occupying the entire cornea and part of the bulbar conjunctiva. The patient was submitted to enucleation. No alterations were observed on the abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography, showing the primary characteristics of the disease. Two years after surgery the patient is clinically healthy, without any signs of recurrence or metastasis. Despite the surgical excision of the tumor with free margins, in cases of hemangiosarcoma with aggressive behavior, the enucleation should be considered as a viable option for a successfull therapeutic protocol and better prognosis of the patient.(AU)

SMAD4 and TS expression might predict the risk of recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastases.

PURPOSE: Colorectal liver metastases (CLM) have significant molecular heterogeneity, which contributes to the risk of recurrence following surgery. Most of the traditional scores intended to predict recurrence is based on clinicopathological variables and it is unclear whether incorporating molecular biomarkers might improve our assessment of the risk of recurrence. Our aim was to determine if molecular biomarkers might be associated with the risk of recurrence after surgery of CLM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 121 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) with resected liver metastases were included. The role of several clinicopathological variables to predict patient's outcome after resection of liver metastases was analyzed. Eighteen genes related to CRC pathogenesis were also included in the analyses. Univariate and multivariate stepwise Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence and the risk of death. RESULTS: Eight prognostic factors for progression-free survival and nine factors for overall survival were identified in the univariate analyses. After adjusting for other risk factors, only the expression of two molecular factors was associated with the risk of recurrence: TS (HR 0.631, 95 % CI 0.422-0.944) and SMAD4 (HR 1.680, 95 % CI 1.047-2.695). None of the variables was significantly associated with the risk of death in the multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic significance of most traditional clinicopathological variables might be insufficient to define patients at risk for recurrence after liver metastases resection. Molecular biomarkers might improve the identification of patients with higher risk of recurrence.

Gene expression differences in primary colorectal tumors and matched liver metastases: chemotherapy related or tumoral heterogeneity?

BACKGROUND: Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is generally based on genetic testing performed in primary tumor biopsies, but whether the genomic status of primary tumors is identical to that of metastases is not well known. We compared the gene expression profiles of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies of colorectal primary tumors and matched liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared the expression of 18 genes in FFPE CRC tumors and their matched liver metastases from 32 patients. The expression of each gene in CRC primary tumors and their matched liver metastases was tested using Student's t test for paired samples. Pairwise correlations of each gene in the primary tumors and matched liver metastases were evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The expression of six genes was significantly different in primary tumors compared with their matched liver metastases [CXCR4 (p < 0.001), THBS1 (p = 0.007), MMP 9 (p = 0.048), GST Pi (p = 0.050), TYMP (p = 0.042) and DPYD (p < 0.001)]. For the remaining genes, where no significant differences were observed, only SMAD4 (r s = 0.447, p = 0.010), ERCC1 (r s = 0.423, p = 0.016) and VEGF A (r s = 0.453, p = 0.009) showed significant correlation in expression between the two tissues. Therefore, we only detected similar gene expression levels between the tumor and the metastases in these three markers. CONCLUSIONS: We only found similar gene expression levels between the tumor and the metastases in three genes (SMAD4, ERCC1, and VEGF A). However, our study could not assess whether the differences in gene expression were secondary to tumoral heterogeneity or to molecular changes induced by previous chemotherapy.

Avaliação histopatológica da cápsula posterior associada ao implante de lente intraocular com superfície modificada com plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol em coelhos / Histopathological evaluation of posterior capsule associated with intraocular lens implant with modified surface using fluorine and poliethilene glycol plasma in rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento da superfície de lentes intraoculares acrílicas utilizando-se plasma de flúor ou polietilenoglicol na prevenção da opacidade de cápsula posterior. Foram analisados 40 olhos de coelhos, submetidos à cirurgia de facoemulsificação e distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=10), sendo estes: grupo controle, coelhos sem implante de lente intraocular; grupo com lente intraocular tratada com plasma de polietilenoglicol; grupo com lente intraocular tratada com plasma de flúor; e grupo com lente intraocular comercial. As cápsulas posteriores das lentes dos grupos foram avaliadas por meio de análise histopatológica (morfometria e imuno-histoquímica). Os grupos com lente intraocular tratada com polietilenoglicol e com lente intraocular comercial apresentaram menor espessura da cápsula posterior na avaliação inicial (12 semanas) em relação ao grupo controle. No período final de avaliação (6 meses), os tratamentos da superfície da lente intraocular à base de plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol não reduziram o desenvolvimento das alterações histológicas associadas à opacidade de cápsula posterior. O tratamento das superfícies das lentes intraoculares com plasma de flúor e polietilenoglicol pode ser realizado como adjuvante na prevenção da opacidade de cápsula posterior, pois não causa alterações na morfologia da lente após facoemulsificação.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment of acrylic intraocular lens using Fluorine plasma or polyethylene glycol in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Forty rabbit eyes that underwent phacoemulsification were analyzed and distributed into four experimental groups (n=10): Control group, composed of rabbits without intraocular lens implantation; intraocular lens group treated with Polyethylene glycol plasma, intraocular lens group treated with Fluoride plasma, and commercial intraocular lens group. The posterior capsule of the lens was evaluated by histopathological analysis, including morphometric and immunohistochemical studies. Groups with intraocular lens treated with polyethylene glycol and commercial intraocular lens presented thinner posterior capsule at initial assessment (12 weeks) compared to the control group. At the end of the evaluation (six months), the treatment of surface intraocular lens with fluorine and polyethylene glycol plasma did not reduce the development of histological changes associated with posterior capsule opacification. The surface treatment of the intraocular lens with Fluoride and Polyethylene glycol can be performed as an adjuvant in preventing posterior capsule opacification, because it does not cause changes in the morphology of lens after phacoemulsification surgery.(AU)

Uso de plasma rico em plaquetas em úlceras de córnea em cães / Use of platelet rich plasma on corneal ulcers in dogs

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar, clínica e macroscopicamente, o tratamento adjuvante com plasma rico em plaquetas na forma de colírio ou tampão, em úlceras de córnea de cães atendidos no Serviço de Oftalmologia Veterinária. Foram analisados 20 olhos com diagnóstico de ceratite ulcerativa, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo colírio (GC) foi constituído por olhos tratados topicamente com colírio autólogo de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), e o grupo tampão (GT) por olhos submetidos ao tratamento à base de tampão sólido de PRP, associado ao recobrimento com terceira pálpebra para retenção deste. Os grupos foram avaliados, por meio de avaliação clínica, macroscópica e análise da redução do defeito epitelial, em diferentes momentos, aos três, cinco, dez, 15 e 30 dias, com exceção do terceiro dia no GT. O recobrimento da terceira pálpebra foi removido no quinto dia no GT. Em ambos os grupos, houve redução dos sinais de inflamação, melhora na sensibilidade ocular e adequada reparação do defeito epitelial. Todos os olhos do GT apresentaram completa cicatrização no quinto dia e 70% no GC, atingindo a totalidade no 10º dia. O PRP na forma de colírio ou tampão é uma excelente terapia adjuvante a ser instituída no tratamento clínico da úlcera de córnea em cães, pois atua na diminuição dos sinais inflamatórios, da dor ocular e auxilia potencialmente na cicatrização do defeito epitelial.(AU)

This study aims to clinically and macroscopically evaluate the adjuvant therapy with platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrops or clot, for corneal ulcers in dogs treated at the Veterinary Ophthalmology Service. We analyzed 20 eyes diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis, divided into two experimental groups. The eyedrop group (GC) was composed of eyes treated topically with eyedrops of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the clot group (GT) was composed of eyes treated with a platelet-rich clot and covered with a third eyelid for retention of the clot. The groups were evaluated by clinical and macroscopic analysis and by the analysis of epithelial defect reduction, at different times, at three, five, ten, 15 and 30 days, except for the third day in GT. The coverage of the third eyelid was removed on the fifth day. In both groups the inflammation signs reduced, there was an improvement in ocular sensibility and proper repair of epithelial defect. All GT eyes and 70% GC eyes showed complete healing on the fifth day, the remainder of GC completed healing on the tenth day. PRP in the form of eyedrops and clot is an excellent adjuvant therapy to be instituted in the clinical treatment for corneal ulcer in dogs, because it decreases the inflammatory signs and the ocular pain and it potentially assists in healing epithelial defects.(AU)

Uso de plasma rico em plaquetas em úlceras de córnea em cães / Use of platelet rich plasma on corneal ulcers in dogs

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar, clínica e macroscopicamente, o tratamento adjuvante com plasma rico em plaquetas na forma de colírio ou tampão, em úlceras de córnea de cães atendidos no Serviço de Oftalmologia Veterinária. Foram analisados 20 olhos com diagnóstico de ceratite ulcerativa, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo colírio (GC) foi constituído por olhos tratados topicamente com colírio autólogo de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), e o grupo tampão (GT) por olhos submetidos ao tratamento à base de tampão sólido de PRP, associado ao recobrimento com terceira pálpebra para retenção deste. Os grupos foram avaliados, por meio de avaliação clínica, macroscópica e análise da redução do defeito epitelial, em diferentes momentos, aos três, cinco, dez, 15 e 30 dias, com exceção do terceiro dia no GT. O recobrimento da terceira pálpebra foi removido no quinto dia no GT. Em ambos os grupos, houve redução dos sinais de inflamação, melhora na sensibilidade ocular e adequada reparação do defeito epitelial. Todos os olhos do GT apresentaram completa cicatrização no quinto dia e 70% no GC, atingindo a totalidade no 10º dia. O PRP na forma de colírio ou tampão é uma excelente terapia adjuvante a ser instituída no tratamento clínico da úlcera de córnea em cães, pois atua na diminuição dos sinais inflamatórios, da dor ocular e auxilia potencialmente na cicatrização do defeito epitelial...

This study aims to clinically and macroscopically evaluate the adjuvant therapy with platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrops or clot, for corneal ulcers in dogs treated at the Veterinary Ophthalmology Service. We analyzed 20 eyes diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis, divided into two experimental groups. The eyedrop group (GC) was composed of eyes treated topically with eyedrops of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the clot group (GT) was composed of eyes treated with a platelet-rich clot and covered with a third eyelid for retention of the clot. The groups were evaluated by clinical and macroscopic analysis and by the analysis of epithelial defect reduction, at different times, at three, five, ten, 15 and 30 days, except for the third day in GT. The coverage of the third eyelid was removed on the fifth day. In both groups the inflammation signs reduced, there was an improvement in ocular sensibility and proper repair of epithelial defect. All GT eyes and 70% GC eyes showed complete healing on the fifth day, the remainder of GC completed healing on the tenth day. PRP in the form of eyedrops and clot is an excellent adjuvant therapy to be instituted in the clinical treatment for corneal ulcer in dogs, because it decreases the inflammatory signs and the ocular pain and it potentially assists in healing epithelial defects...

MYH polyposis syndrome: clinical findings, genetics issues and management.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancer in first world. Two hereditary CCR syndrome have been described: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. A recently described biallelic mutation of MYH, is responsible for adenomatous polyposis with an increased risk of CRC and is responsible for 30-40 % of adenomatous polyposis cases in which an APC mutation cannot be found. However, there is no clear consensus in the literature as whether a monoallelic mutation increases the risk for colorectal cancer. In addition, some authors have indicated that the spectrum of extracolonic lesions in MYH associated polyposis (MAP) might be far different from that observed in FAP and could be more similar to Lynch syndrome spectrum. In this review we are going to describe some general and specific aspects of MAP, including genetic topics, clinical features, different phenotypes and strategies to reduce CCR risk.

Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas no reparo de úlceras de córnea profundas induzidas em coelhos. Avaliação clínica e histomorfométrica / Use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of deep corneal ulcers induced in rabbits. Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation

Avaliou-se e comparou-se, clinicamente, por meio de histopatologia e morfometria, o processo de reparação corneana de úlceras experimentais induzidas em coelhos, com o uso de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) sob a forma de colírio ou tampão. Foram utilizados 60 coelhos, constituindo-se quatro grupos experimentais de 15 animais cada, designados grupo plaqueta (GP), grupo tampão (GT), grupo controle (GC) e grupo controle amniótica (GA). Os grupos experimentais foram subdivididos em três subgrupos (M4, M7, M30), de acordo com o período final de avaliação, aos quatro, sete e 30 dias, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais relacionados à sensibilidade ocular, quemose e secreção ocular. Os grupos tratados com PRP, na forma de tampão ou colírio, apresentaram menor opacidade corneana do que os animais tratados apenas com membrana amniótica no momento final de avaliação. Quanto à presença da úlcera corneana, os grupos tratados com PRP apresentaram menor ulceração corneana em relação aos demais grupos. No exame histomorfométrico, verificou-se maior epitelização corneana na fase inicial da lesão no tratamento à base de colírio de plasma rico em plaquetas. O uso da membrana amniótica promoveu espessamento do epitélio e estroma corneano, com sinergismo dela quando associada ao plasma rico em plaquetas.

The repair process induced corneal ulcer in rabbits using platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrop or clot was clinically evaluated and compared. Sixty rabbits were divided into four groups of 15 animals, denominated platelet group (PG), clot group (CLG), control group (CG), and amniotic control group (AG). Experimental groups were then subdivided into three groups (M4, M7, M30), corresponding to the end of the evaluation period. There were no differences between treatments regarding ocular sensitivity, chemosis and ocular secretion. The groups treated with PRP either as eyedrop or a clot showed less opacity than the animals treated only with amniotic membrane at the moment of the final evaluation. The presence of corneal ulcers in the groups treated with PRP showed lower intensity than the other groups. Histomorphometric examination showed that corneal epithelization in the initial phase of the lesion was greater when using PRP. The use of amniotic membrane promoted corneal epithelial and stromal thickness, as well as synergism when associated to PRP.

Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas no reparo de úlceras de córnea profundas induzidas em coelhos. Avaliação clínica e histomorfométrica / Use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of deep corneal ulcers induced in rabbits. Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation

Avaliou-se e comparou-se, clinicamente, por meio de histopatologia e morfometria, o processo de reparação corneana de úlceras experimentais induzidas em coelhos, com o uso de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) sob a forma de colírio ou tampão. Foram utilizados 60 coelhos, constituindo-se quatro grupos experimentais de 15 animais cada, designados grupo plaqueta (GP), grupo tampão (GT), grupo controle (GC) e grupo controle amniótica (GA). Os grupos experimentais foram subdivididos em três subgrupos (M4, M7, M30), de acordo com o período final de avaliação, aos quatro, sete e 30 dias, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais relacionados à sensibilidade ocular, quemose e secreção ocular. Os grupos tratados com PRP, na forma de tampão ou colírio, apresentaram menor opacidade corneana do que os animais tratados apenas com membrana amniótica no momento final de avaliação. Quanto à presença da úlcera corneana, os grupos tratados com PRP apresentaram menor ulceração corneana em relação aos demais grupos. No exame histomorfométrico, verificou-se maior epitelização corneana na fase inicial da lesão no tratamento à base de colírio de plasma rico em plaquetas. O uso da membrana amniótica promoveu espessamento do epitélio e estroma corneano, com sinergismo dela quando associada ao plasma rico em plaquetas.(AU)

The repair process induced corneal ulcer in rabbits using platelet-rich plasma in the form of eyedrop or clot was clinically evaluated and compared. Sixty rabbits were divided into four groups of 15 animals, denominated platelet group (PG), clot group (CLG), control group (CG), and amniotic control group (AG). Experimental groups were then subdivided into three groups (M4, M7, M30), corresponding to the end of the evaluation period. There were no differences between treatments regarding ocular sensitivity, chemosis and ocular secretion. The groups treated with PRP either as eyedrop or a clot showed less opacity than the animals treated only with amniotic membrane at the moment of the final evaluation. The presence of corneal ulcers in the groups treated with PRP showed lower intensity than the other groups. Histomorphometric examination showed that corneal epithelization in the initial phase of the lesion was greater when using PRP. The use of amniotic membrane promoted corneal epithelial and stromal thickness, as well as synergism when associated to PRP.(AU)

Reparação de defeitos osteocondrais de cães com implante de cultura de condrócitos homólogos e membrana biossintética de celulose: avaliação clínica, ultrassonográfica e macroscópica / The repair of osteochondral defects in dogs with homologous articular chondrocytes and biosynthetic cellulose membrane: clinical, ultrasound and macroscopic evaluation

Avaliou-se o implante de condrócitos homólogos em lesões osteocondrais, utilizando a membrana biossintética à base de celulose (MBC) como revestimento. Dez cães adultos e clinicamente sadios foram submetidos à artrotomia das articulações fêmoro-tíbio-patelares. Defeitos de quatro milímetros de diâmetro por quatro milímetros de profundidade foram induzidos na tróclea femoral de ambos os membros. A MBC foi aplicada na base e superfície das lesões. Os defeitos do membro direito foram preenchidos com condrócitos homólogos cultivados e formaram o grupo tratado (GT); e os defeitos do membro esquerdo, sem implante celular, formaram o grupo controle (GC). Os animais foram avaliados clínica e ultrassonograficamente aos 30 e 60 dias. A evolução pós-operatória dos cães foi analisada com especial interesse nos processos de reparação da lesão, por meio de macroscopia. Não houve diferença clínica e ultrassonográfica entre os grupos. Entretanto, à macroscopia, ocorreu maior prevalência de formação de tecido cicatricial esbranquiçado no GT. O tecido neoformado apresentou melhor qualidade associado ao implante homólogo de condrócitos, mas não promoveu reparação por cartilagem hialina.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the repair of deep cartilaginous defects made in the femoral trochlear sulcus of dogs, using the cellulose biosynthetic membrane (CBM) as coating. Ten healthy adult dogs without locomotor disorders were used. All animals were submitted to arthrotomy of stifle joints and defects with four millimeters diameter x four millimeters deep were done in the femoral trochlear sulcus of both limbs. CBM was applied in the lesion's base and surface of all limbs. In the treated group (TG), the defects of the right limb were filled with cultivated homologous chondrocytes, and in control group (CG), the defects of the left limb were filled without cellular implant. The animals were evaluated by physical examination and ultrasound at 30 and 60 days. The postoperative follow up of the dogs was done by macroscopy with special interest in the healing process of the osteochondral defect. No clinical and ultrasonographic differences were observed in both groups. In the macroscopic evaluation higher prevalence of whitish scar tissue formation was noted in TG, but without statistical difference. The neoformed tissue showed slightly higher quality in TG, but without promoting repair by the hyaline cartilage.

Uso do colírio de Citrus lemon em úlceras de córnea induzidas em coelhos / Use of Citrus lemon eyedrops in corneal ulcers induced in rabbits

Avaliaram-se e compararam-se clinicamente os efeitos de colírios de Citrus lemon (CL) na reparação de úlcera corneal superficial. Foram utilizadas 50 coelhas, distribuídas em cinco grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Após a indução da úlcera, três grupos foram tratados com colírios de CL, nas concentrações de 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). Um quarto grupo foi tratado com Tween 80 a 8%, diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de CL, e o quinto grupo, controle, recebeu substituto da lágrima. Os grupos foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos de cinco animais; assim, o primeiro (M1) foi avaliado após 24 horas, e o segundo (M5) após cinco dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. A extensão da úlcera corneal diminuiu, de forma significativa, em todos os grupos no M5, com exceção do GL3, o qual apresentou menor mediana quanto à extensão no M1. O colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon pode ser utilizado no tratamento de ceratites ulcerativas superficiais, sem induzir irritação conjuntival, favorecendo a reepitelização corneal.

The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the effects of Citrus lemon (CL) eye drops in the repair of superficial corneal ulcers. Fifty female rabbits were used, constituting five experimental groups with 10 animals each. After ulcer induction, three groups were treated with CL eye drops, at 1.5% (GL1, 5), 3% (GL3) and 5% (GL5) concentrations. Another group was treated with Tween 80 8% solvent used in the production of CL eye drops, and the control group received tear substitute. The experimental groups were divided into two subgroups (five animals). The first (M1) was evaluated after 24 hours and the second (M5) after five days. There was no difference between treatments for clinical signs of secretion, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and corneal opacity. The extension of corneal ulcer significantly decreased in all groups in M5, the exception was GL3, which had a lower median of extension in the M1. The eye drops made of Citrus lemon essential oil can be used in the treatment of superficial ulcerative keratitis, without inducing conjunctival irritation, favoring corneal reepithelialization.