ABSTRACT
In chronic respiratory insufficiency secondary erythrocytosis (SPC), causing pulmonary hypertension and dx ventricular insufficiency, is often noticed. An alternative therapy to phlebotomy for SPC is isovolemic large volume erythrocytapheresis performed with cell separator (CSE) in order to quickly remove a large volume of red blood cells (RBC) while saving plasma proteins and clotting factors. In order to evaluate the efficiency and safety of CSE in SPC we reported a retrospective analysis of our experience with 61 SPC patients: from April 1996 to May 1998 we performed 208 CSE using Haemonetics MCS3P (TAE protocol). Before every apheresis procedure we verified Hb (in median 18.8 g/dl), Ht (in median 58.4%), viscometry, coagulation test, EGA, PFR and ECG. 11 patients were treated with 1 CSE, 12 with 3, 29 with 4 and 9 with 5. The mean volume of RBC removed was 576 ml (range 426-800); Hb post CSE averaged 14.4 g/dl and Ht post CSE averaged 42.7%; hematic viscosity post CSE was significantly reduced while tissue oxygen tension increased: the improvement of symptomatology and hematochemical parameters was maintained on the average for 6.5 months. All the procedures were well tolerated and light side effects (paresthesias citrate-depending in 27 apheresis) were easily controlled. CSE, compared to phlebotomy, has the advantage of selectively removing RBC without loss of clotting factors, platelets and plasma proteins. Although CSE has relatively high costs we noticed a decrease of hospital recurrence (about 50-65%) in SPC patients treated with apheresis.
Subject(s)
Cytapheresis/methods , Erythrocytes , Polycythemia/therapy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Erythrocyte Count , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/blood , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/etiology , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Polycythemia/blood , Polycythemia/complicationsABSTRACT
Since flaxseed ingestion produces potentially anticarcinogenic lignans in the colon, this study determined whether flaxseed decreases the risk for colon carcinogenesis. Following a single injection of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body wt.), five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (20% corn oil) basal diet with or without supplementation with 5% or 10% flaxseed meal (FM) or flaxseed flour (FF) for four weeks. Upon sacrifice, colons were examined for aberrant morphology and cell proliferation. In the descending colon of supplemented groups, the total number of aberrant crypts and foci were significantly reduced by 41-53% and 48-57%, respectively. The labeling index (LI) was also 10-22% lower in these groups, except for the 5% FM group. While these effects are not linearly related to the level of flaxseed fed, it suggests that flaxseed feeding may reduce the risk for colon carcinogenesis.
Subject(s)
Colon/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Dietary Fats , Food, Fortified , Lignin , Seeds , Animals , Lignans , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The cancer protective effects of flaxseed suggested by our previous short-term study were tested in a long-term tumorigenesis experiment. Feeding rats 5% flaxseed flour supplemented in a high-fat diet at the promotional stage of tumorigenesis, i.e., after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene administration, significantly reduced by 66.7% the size of the tumours that occurred. Although flaxseed feeding at the initiation stage also tended to reduce the number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal, significant differences were seen only between the group fed flaxseed throughout the experiment and the promotional group. Therefore the effect of flaxseed on mammary tumorigenesis is not consistent. Although it was speculated that the effect may be related to the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol produced in such large quantities on the ingestion of flaxseed, further studies are required to clarify the role of lignans and other flaxseed constituents in mammary tumorigenesis.
Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control , Seeds , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Flour , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Since lignans have been suggested to have some cancer-protective effects, flaxseed, the most abundant source of lignan precursors, was tested for its effect on early markers of risk for mammary carcinogenesis. Supplementation of a high-fat diet with flaxseed flour (FF) or defatted flaxseed meal (FM) (5% or 10%) reduced the epithelial cell proliferation by 38.8-55.4% and nuclear aberrations by 58.8-65.9% in female rat mammary gland, with optimum effects seen with the 5% FF. These protective effects were accompanied by increases in urinary lignan excretion indicating that they may be related to the ability of flaxseed to provide lignan precursors.
Subject(s)
Lignin/pharmacology , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Biomarkers, Tumor , Cell Division/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epithelium/pathology , Female , Lignans , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/diet therapy , Mutation/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Regression Analysis , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
Mammalian lignans such as enterolactone and enterodiol, which are produced in the colon from precursors in foods, have been suggested as playing a role in the cancer-protective effect of vegetarian diets. Despite this, very little is known regarding the amount that is produced from different food products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the production of mammalian lignans from 68 common plant foods by using the technique of in vitro fermentation with human fecal microbiota, which simulates colonic fermentation. Results showed a wide range (21-67,541 microgram(s)/100 g sample) in the amount of lignans produced. On the average as a group, the oilseeds produced the highest amounts (20,461 +/- 12,685), followed by the dried seaweeds (900 +/- 247), whole legumes (562 +/- 211), cereal brans (486 +/- 90), legume hulls (371 +/- 52), whole grain cereals (359 +/- 81), vegetables (144 +/- 23), and fruits (84 +/- 22). The vegetables produced the second highest concentration of lignans (1,546 +/- 280) when the data were expressed on a moisture-free basis. Flaxseed flour and its defatted meal were the highest producers of lignans (mean 60,110 +/- 7,431). Lignan production with the in vitro method related well to the urinary lignan excretion observed in rats and humans. The data should be useful in the estimation of lignan production from a given diet and in the formulation of high-lignan-producing diet for the purpose of reducing the cancer risk.
Subject(s)
Food , Lignin/metabolism , Plants, Edible , 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives , 4-Butyrolactone/analysis , 4-Butyrolactone/metabolism , Animals , Bacteria/metabolism , Butylene Glycols/analysis , Butylene Glycols/metabolism , Chromatography, Gas , Edible Grain , Fabaceae , Feces/microbiology , Fermentation , Fruit , Humans , Lignans , Lignin/analysis , Mammals , Plants, Medicinal , Seaweed , VegetablesABSTRACT
La canalizacion de la vena umbilical constituye una tecnica eminentemente neonatologica, de uso habitual en el recien nacido de alto riesgo. Ella es utilizada con frecuencia creciente, dada su sencillez, lo que ha provocado una nueva patologia la hipertension portal extrahepatica por cavernomatosis de la porta. Presentamos 2 enfermas de 6 y 5 anos respectivamente, cuya primera manifestacion fue la hemorragia digestiva, y en las que la anamnesis arrojo el hecho de que ambas habian padecido patologia neonatal que determino la canalizacion de sus venas umbilicales. La esplenoportografia mostro en las 2 ninas la transformacion cavernomatosa de la porta como causa del sindrome de hipertension portal extrahepatico. Se mencionan las diversas hipotesis referentes a la fisiopatologia de dicha cavernomatosis, y finalmente se pone especial enfasis en la necesidad de observar fielmente las reales indicaciones y precauciones en esta tecnica no exenta, por cierto, de riesgos inmediatos y mediatos
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Female , Catheterization , Hypertension, Portal , Umbilical Veins , PortographyABSTRACT
La canalizacion de la vena umbilical constituye una tecnica eminentemente neonatologica, de uso habitual en el recien nacido de alto riesgo. Ella es utilizada con frecuencia creciente, dada su sencillez, lo que ha provocado una nueva patologia la hipertension portal extrahepatica por cavernomatosis de la porta. Presentamos 2 enfermas de 6 y 5 anos respectivamente, cuya primera manifestacion fue la hemorragia digestiva, y en las que la anamnesis arrojo el hecho de que ambas habian padecido patologia neonatal que determino la canalizacion de sus venas umbilicales. La esplenoportografia mostro en las 2 ninas la transformacion cavernomatosa de la porta como causa del sindrome de hipertension portal extrahepatico. Se mencionan las diversas hipotesis referentes a la fisiopatologia de dicha cavernomatosis, y finalmente se pone especial enfasis en la necesidad de observar fielmente las reales indicaciones y precauciones en esta tecnica no exenta, por cierto, de riesgos inmediatos y mediatos
