International Migration, Refugees, and Spread of Tuberculosis in Brazil: Analysis of Clusters, Trends, and Associated Factors (2010-2021).

BACKGROUND: International migration is a global phenomenon with significant implications on the health-disease process due to exposures along transit routes and local/destination epidemiological indicators. We aimed to analyze the transmission and spread of tuberculosis among international migrants and refugees from a spatiotemporal perspective and the associated factors. METHOD: This was an ecological study of cases of tuberculosis in international migrants in Brazil, between 2010 and 2021. Annual incidence rates were calculated and spatiotemporal scan techniques were used to identify municipalities at risk. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with tuberculosis in international migrants. RESULTS: A total of 4037 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Brazil in international migrants. Municipalities at risk for this event were identified using the spatiotemporal scan technique, and a cluster was identified with ITT: +52.01% and ETT: +25.60%. A higher probability of TB infection was identified in municipalities with a TB incidence rate >14.40 cases/100 inhabitants, population >11,042 inhabitants, Gini index >0.49, and illiteracy rate >13.12%. A lower probability was found in municipalities with average per capita household income >BRL 456.43. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that health authorities implement monitoring and rigorous follow-up in affected areas to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment completion for international migrants, preventing disease spread to other communities.

Health condition, income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities among migrants and refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Brazil is the destination of many international migrants and refugees and, given the circumstances of their entry into the country, many face difficulties due to the absence of targeted policies. Thus, the objective of this study was to survey the social impact of COVID-19 on international migrants and refugees regarding income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities, and to identify explanatory factors on these aspects. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study. We used a validated instrument applied by trained interviewers. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with income loss and food insecurity. RESULTS: A total of 360 individuals from sub-Saharan African and South American countries participated in the study. Individuals who were white, black/brown, yellow, had an occupation/employment, and earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to lose income. Those who reported no income, received less than one minimum wage, and were diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to be food insecure. CONCLUSIONS: The study advances knowledge by identifying factors associated with income loss, food insecurity, and individuals' difficulty in accessing health services and social support measures in Brazil.

Implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system: Impact on the routine of Primary Health Care professionals.

OBJECTIVE: to understand how the implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system has been processed and its impact on the daily life of the health teams. METHOD: a qualitative research study, conducted in a municipality in the inland of the state of São Paulo with professionals who work in Primary Health Care and use the e-SUS Primary Care system as a work tool. Semi-structured interviews and thematic data analysis were used with Kotter's three-phase approach. RESULTS: a total of 17 professionals, nurses, physicians, dentists and community agents were interviewed. The implementation of e-SUS Primary Care and its impact on the daily life of health teams were understood in terms of mandatory implementation; weaknesses for implementation, such as absence of material resources and implicit imposition for the use of the system; fragile training for deployment and learning from experience. CONCLUSION: a harmful incentive process was observed, conducted from the perspective of institutional pressure, use of the system to justify the work performed and, on the other hand, there was the creation of collaborative learning mechanisms between the teams.

Implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system: Impact on the routine of Primary Health Care professionals / Implantação do sistema e-SUS Atenção Básica: impacto no cotidiano dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Implantación del sistema e-SUS Atención Primaria: impacto en la vida diaria de los profesionales de Atención Primaria

Objective: to understand how the implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care system has been processed and its impact on the daily life of the health teams. Method: a qualitative research study, conducted in a municipality in the inland of the state of São Paulo with professionals who work in Primary Health Care and use the e-SUS Primary Care system as a work tool. Semi-structured interviews and thematic data analysis were used with Kotter's three-phase approach. Results: a total of 17 professionals, nurses, physicians, dentists and community agents were interviewed. The implementation of e-SUS Primary Care and its impact on the daily life of health teams were understood in terms of mandatory implementation; weaknesses for implementation, such as absence of material resources and implicit imposition for the use of the system; fragile training for deployment and learning from experience. Conclusion: a harmful incentive process was observed, conducted from the perspective of institutional pressure, use of the system to justify the work performed and, on the other hand, there was the creation of collaborative learning mechanisms between the teams.

Objetivo: compreender como se tem processado a implantação do sistema e-SUS Atenção Básica e seu impacto no cotidiano das equipes de saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo com profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde e utilizam o sistema e-SUS Atenção Básica, como ferramenta de trabalho. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise temática dos dados com abordagem trifásica de Kotter. Resultados: foram entrevistados 17 profissionais, enfermeiros, médicos, odontólogos e agentes comunitários. A implantação do e-SUS Atenção Básica e seu impacto no cotidiano das equipes de saúde foram compreendidos em termos da implantação obrigatória; fragilidades para a implantação, como ausência de disponibilização de recursos materiais e implícita imposição para uso do sistema; frágil capacitação para a implantação e aprendendo com a experiência. Conclusão: observou-se um processo de incentivo danoso, conduzido sob a perspectiva de pressão institucional, utilização do sistema para justificar o trabalho realizado e, em contrapartida, houve a criação de mecanismos de aprendizagem colaborativa entre as equipes.

Objetivo: comprender cómo fue el proceso de implantación del sistema de Atención Primaria e-SUS y su impacto en la vida diaria de los equipos de salud. Método: investigación cualitativa, realizada en una ciudad del interior del estado de San Pablo con profesionales que trabajan en Atención Primaria de la Salud y utilizan el sistema de Atención Básica e-SUS, como herramienta de trabajo. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis temático de los datos con el enfoque de tres fases de Kotter. Resultados: se entrevistaron 17 profesionales, enfermeros, médicos, odontólogos y agentes comunitarios. La implantación de la Atención Primaria e-SUS y su impacto en la vida diaria de los equipos de salud se entendieron en términos de implantación obligatoria; debilidades para la implantación, como la ausencia de recursos materiales y la imposición implícita del uso del sistema; escasa capacitación para la implantación y aprendizaje de la experiencia. Conclusión: hubo un proceso de incentivo nocivo, realizado bajo la perspectiva de presión institucional, uso del sistema para justificar el trabajo realizado y, en contrapartida, se generaron de mecanismos de aprendizaje colaborativo entre los equipos.

A satisfação do usuário com a atenção primária à saúde: uma análise do acesso e acolhimento / La satisfacción del usuario con la atención primaria a la salud: un análisis del proceso y de la acogida / User satisfaction with primary health care: an analysis of access and care

Objetivou-se compreender a satisfação dos usuários com acesso e acolhimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a partir da demanda não urgente do Pronto Atendimento (PA). Entrevistaram-se intencionalmente 28 usuários não urgentes dos PA dos cinco Distritos de Saúde (DS) de Ribeirão Preto-SP que passaram em atendimento na APS ao menos uma vez nos seis meses que antecederam a coleta de dados para avaliar o atendimento. Analisaram-se as entrevistas semidirigidas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se satisfação com o atendimento recebido pelos profissionais de saúde na APS e insatisfação com a demora no agendamento de consultas e dificuldade de acolhimento por demanda espontânea. Não foram observadas divergências da satisfação do usuário nos diferentes DS. Conclui-se que os obstáculos com o acesso aos serviços de APS constituem entrave para população obter atendimento, repercutindo na satisfação e alta demanda pelo PA.(AU)

El objetivo fue entender la satisfacción de los usuarios con el acceso y la acogida de la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) a partir de la demanda no urgente de la Atención Rápida (PA, por sus siglas en portugués). Se entrevistaron de forma intencional 28 usuarios no urgentes de los PA de los cinco Distritos de Salud (DS) de Ribeirão Preto (Estado de São Paulo) que fueron atendidos en la APS al menos una vez en los seis meses anteriores a la colecta de datos para evaluar la atención. Se analizaron las entrevistas semi-dirigidas por la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se identificó la satisfacción con la atención recibida por los profesionales de salud en la APS y la insatisfacción con la demora en la marcación de consultas y la dificultad de acogida por demanda espontánea. No se observaron divergencias de la satisfacción del usuario en los diferentes DS. Se concluye que los obstáculos relacionados al acceso a los servicios de APS constituyen un obstáculo para que la población obtenga atención, repercutiendo en la satisfacción y en alta demanda por el PA.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze user satisfaction with access and care in Primary Health Care (PHC) based on non-urgent demand for emergency services. 28 non-urgent users of emergency services were intentionally interviewed across five health districts in the city of Ribeirão Preto in São Paulo State. These users had been treated in PHC at least once in the previous six months prior to data collection aimed at evaluating the services. Content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The results showed there to be satisfaction with care received from health professionals in PHC and dissatisfaction with delays in arranging an appointment and with difficulty to receive care based on spontaneous demand. There was found to be no difference in the levels of satisfaction between the users from different health districts. The article concludes that obstacles to access to PHC services represent a barrier for populations wishing to receive care, with repercussions in terms of user satisfaction and high demand for emergency care.(AU)