ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Enlargement and cystic changes in ovaries of patients with long-standing overt hypothyroidism have been described in numerous case reports. However, there are limited data about the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) on ovarian volume. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and ovarian volume in prepubertal girls with SH. METHODS: Patients who were aged between 6 and 10 years and diagnosed with SH and age-matched healthy euthyroid controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects were prepubertal. RESULTS: Thirty-five children with SH (mean age; 7.6±1.0 years) and 50 euthyroid healthy girls (mean age; 7.7±1.2 years) were enrolled in the study. TSH and LH levels and both ovarian volumes were significantly higher in SH group than controls (p<0.05). In addition, TSH was positively correlated with ovarian volumes and LH in patients with SH (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that ovarian volumes of prepubertal girls with SH were significantly greater than those with normal thyroid function. Although ovarian enlargement and cyst formation is well recognized in long-standing overt hypothyroidism, it has been shown for the 1st time in patients with SH.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is the evaluation of levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR)-1 and -2 in the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: One hundred and nine mothers, who recently gave birth, and 51 women who were not recently pregnant, aged 18 to 35 years, were included in this study. The mothers were classified as term birth, preterm birth (PTB), and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in respect to their gestational age and baby's birth weight. The birth mothers were grouped as having gingivitis or periodontitis. The non-pregnant group also included periodontally healthy patients. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate serum IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF, PIGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 levels. RESULTS: Mother's weight, education, and income level were significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. Serum levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 showed an increase in significance when related to pregnancy. Whereas in the PLBW group IL-1ß, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 levels were increased, in the PTB group sVEGFR-1 levels were increased. Additionally, the patients in the PLBW group with periodontitis had higher serum levels of IL-1ß, VEGF, sVEGFR-2, and IL-1ß/IL-10. CONCLUSION: The serum levels of IL-1ß, VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 may have a potential effect on the mechanism of the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Subject(s)
Chronic Periodontitis/complications , Cytokines/blood , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Pregnancy Proteins/blood , Premature Birth/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Educational Status , Female , Gingivitis/complications , Humans , Income , Infant, Newborn , Interleukins/blood , Placenta Growth Factor , Pregnancy , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in association between periodontal disease and hyperlipidaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three subjects with hyperlipidaemia and 68 systemically healthy controls (C) were included in the study. Hyperlipidaemic groups were divided into two groups as suggested diet (HD) and prescribed statin (HS). Both groups were divided into three subgroups as healthy (h), gingivitis (g) and periodontitis (p). The clinical periodontal parameters, fasting venous blood and GCF samples were obtained, and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß (IL-1ß) and IL-6 levels were evaluated. RESULTS: The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) was associated with gingival index and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%) in both hyperlipidaemic groups. In HS group, GCF and serum IL-6 were positively correlated with BOP% and TC/HDL. GCF TNF-α was positively associated with probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, whereas serum TNF-α was associated with BOP% in the HD group. Serum and GCF TNF-α and IL-1ß were significantly associated with TC/HDL in the HD group. CONCLUSIONS: Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the association between periodontal disease and hyperlipidaemia.