ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Aberrant expression of CK7/CK20/CDX2 is reported in percentage of colorectal carcinomas (CRC).
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) , Humans , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism , DNA Mismatch Repair/genetics , Keratin-20/genetics , Keratin-20/metabolism , Mutation , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Phenotype , Biomarkers, Tumor/geneticsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of change in the cellular phenotype from epithelial to mesenchymal morphology. The changes at the cellular level can explain the great heterogeneity and plasticity in the different histological subtypes of gastric carcinomas, which causes difficulties in therapy. In it, epithelial cells reduce intercellular adhesion, which is crucial in the process of invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinomas. Inhibition of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin is known to be influenced by a number of transcription factors, such as Snail and Twist.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Stomach Neoplasms , Humans , Cadherins/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Snail Family Transcription Factors/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Transcription Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
Reparative giant cell granulomas are benign masses of multi-etiological nature, which account for 1%-7% of all benign lesions of the jaws. The objective of this case report is to present the relationship between isolated vitamin D deficiency and the development of reparative giant cell granuloma.Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old female patient with a painless mass of increased mobility in the mandibular region, and pain in the involved teeth. After histological confirmation and laboratory screening, а reparative giant cell granuloma caused by serious deficiency of vitamin D3 - (25-OH)D was diagnosed. The treatment protocol included surgical removal of the lesion and vitamin D replacement therapy.In rare cases, this type of lesion can be a primary manifestation of vitamin D deficiency; therefore, it is extremely important to be aware of this pathology.
Subject(s)
Giant Cell Tumors , Granuloma, Giant Cell , Vitamin D Deficiency , Aged , Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use , Female , Granuloma, Giant Cell/diagnosis , Granuloma, Giant Cell/etiology , Granuloma, Giant Cell/surgery , Humans , Vitamin D , Vitamin D Deficiency/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. The usual immunophenotype of colorectal adenocarcinoma is CDX2 positive, CK20 positive, and CK7 negative. Aberrant expression is reported in a variety of colorectal carcinomas but its relation to morphological variables and survival data is still unclear.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , Colorectal Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , CDX2 Transcription Factor , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Keratin-20/metabolism , Keratin-7/metabolismABSTRACT
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) with testicular enlargement present a serious diagnostic challenge. According to the data TARTs are usually benign. They are rare, resulting in paucity in the medical literature regarding their pathological features. We report a case of bilateral synchronous mass-forming TARTs with marked cytological and nuclear atypia misinterpreted as malignant testicular tumors in a 40-years-old man with CAH and CT and MRI data for pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland and paraaortal and paracaval lymphadenomegaly. He was previously diagnosed with adrenal cortical carcinoma of the left adrenal gland.
