ABSTRACT
Limited research exists on the impact of psychopathy within romantic relationships. We examined mental and physical health consequences reported by intimate partners of individuals with psychopathic traits. Additionally, we explored whether psychopathy severity and coping impacted the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms. Four hundred fifty-seven former and current intimate partners of individuals with psychopathic traits were recruited from online support groups. Victims reported a variety of abusive experiences and various negative symptomatology involving emotional, biological, behavioral, cognitive, and interpersonal consequences. Psychopathy severity and maladaptive coping were significantly related to increased PTSD and depression, while adaptive coping was only related to decreased depression. Regression analyses revealed that experiencing many forms of victimization predicted increased PTSD and depression symptoms. Examining the specific consequences experienced by intimate partners of individuals with psychopathic traits can aid the development of individualized treatment interventions aimed at symptom mitigation, recovery, and prevention of future victimization.
Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Adaptation, Psychological , Antisocial Personality Disorder , Crime Victims/psychology , Humans , Sexual Partners/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychologyABSTRACT
Background: Numerous years of theory and research have informed our understanding of the caregiving experiences that confer vulnerability for dissociation. This work has resulted in widespread agreement on the role of childhood maltreatment as an aetiological factor. Objective: With clear integration of this perspective, the current paper draws attention to the spectrum of vulnerability that can exist over and above the trauma of maltreatment within early caregiving experiences. Method: An integrative review of the developmental literature on dissociation is presented. Results: We first review and integrate existing developmental theories of dissociation into a more unified perspective, highlighting a combination of defensive and intersubjective pathways towards dissociative outcomes. Next, we present empirical research demonstrating which specific caregiving experiences are associated with dissociation. Lastly, we review recent neurodevelopmental research demonstrating that (non-extreme) caregiving stressors during infancy impact the developing limbic structures in the brain. We conclude by offering directions for future research. Conclusion: Findings make the case for approaching assessments of the caregiver-child relationship with discernment of factors beyond the presence/absence of maltreatment when conceptualizing risk pathways toward dissociation.
Antecedentes: Varios años de teoría, investigación y avances clínicos sustentan nuestra comprensión de experiencias particulares en el cuidado temprano que confieren vulnerabilidad para la disociación. Este trabajo ha dado lugar a un acuerdo generalizado sobre el papel del maltrato infantil como un factor etiológico.Objetivo: Con una clara integración de esta perspectiva, el presente artículo enfatiza el espectro de vulnerabilidad que puede existir más allá del trauma que constituye el maltrato dentro de las experiencias de cuidado tempranas.Método: Se presenta una revisión integradora de la literatura del desarrollo sobre la disociación.Resultados: Primero, revisamos e integramos las teorías del desarrollo existentes sobre la disociación en una perspectiva más unificada, resaltando una combinación de vías defensivas e intersubjetivas que resultan en disociación. Luego, presentamos una investigación empírica que demuestra qué experiencias específicas en el cuidado temprano están asociadas con la disociación. Finalmente, revisamos una investigación reciente en neurodesarrollo que demuestra que los estresores (no extremos) durante el cuidado en lainfancia impactan el desarrollo de las estructuras límbicas del cerebro.Conclusión: Los hallazgos justifican abordar las evaluaciones de la relación cuidador-niño con el discernimiento de factores más allá de la presencia/ausencia de maltrato al conceptualizar las vías de riesgo de disociación.
ABSTRACT
The present study examined the understanding and behaviors relating to sexual consent among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) internationally. Qualitative responses were collected from 350 men ranging from 18 to 73 years of age (M = 33.37) across Canada, the United States, and Western Europe. The results of a thematic analysis indicated that participants presented challenges with negotiating sexual consent. Themes were identified from the analysis detailing participants' perceptions and interactions prior to a sexual encounter (pre), during a sexual encounter (during), and after a sexual experience (post). Subthemes addressed a variety of issues GBM may face when engaging in sexual consent negotiations (e.g., sex-role positioning, power dynamics, sexual scripts among GBM, and additional sexual settings). These findings suggest that GBM face unique sexual consent challenges prior to, during, and in response to sexual encounters. Implications for demographic-specific resources and interventions are discussed further.
Subject(s)
Homosexuality, Male , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Bisexuality , Humans , Male , Men , North America , United StatesABSTRACT
This study examined profiles of specific emotion deficits, including poor emotion awareness, reluctance to express emotion, sadness inhibition and dysregulation, and anger inhibition and dysregulation. Self-report questionnaires assessed adolescents' emotion skills and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) engagement, frequency, severity, methods, and age of onset. Latent profile analysis yielded a three-profile solution: Low Deficit (LD; n = 49), Unaware/Anger Dysregulated (UAD; n = 24), and Anger Inhibited (AI; n = 20) profiles. Adolescents in the UAD profile were more likely to engage in NSSI, displayed a higher NSSI frequency, and reported a higher number of NSSI methods when compared to adolescents in the LD profile. No links emerged for NSSI severity or age of onset.
