[Biophysical mechanisms of dehydration of nasal cavity secretion in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. / Biofizicheskie mekhanizmy degidratatsii sekreta polosti nosa pri vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

The purpose of the study is an experimental-theoretical study of the mechanisms of structuring the secretion of the nasal cavity, in the process of its dehydration in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The work shows the general patterns of dehydration of natural biological fluids and their model solutions. Simulation of dehydration of the secret allowed us to identify the most informative parameters of changes in its composition in pathology and to develop criteria for diagnosing the inflammatory process of the VDP using the wedge-shaped dehydration method. The study clarified the mechanisms of dehydration of biological fluid, which expanded the possibilities of diagnosing diseases of the VDP.

[The question about the topical antibiotic therapy of acute rhinosinusitis]. / K voprosu o topicheskoi antibakterial'noi terapii ostrykh rinosinusitov.

Presented the results of the clinical study of 30 patients with moderate rhinosinusitis (13 (43.3%) men, 17 (56.7%) women, age from 18 to 68 years). Among those patients, the inflammation of one paranasal sinus was observed in 7 (23.3%) cases, polysinusitis was observed in 23 (76. 7%) cases. All patients were randomized into 2 groups of 15 people. In both groups, patients received systemic antibiotic therapy, nasal irrigation therapy, and NSAIDs. In the control group, topical decongestants were used; in the experimental group the antimicrobial drug Polydexa with phenylephrine was used as a local therapy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Polydexa with phenylephrine in the complex treatment of moderate acute rhinosinusitis. The evaluation criteria were statistically significant comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of both groups. Confirmed the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects of the drug, made conclusions about the significant clinical efficacy, tolerability, positive effect on mucociliary clearance and safety of nasal spray Polydexa with phenylephrine.

Prevalence of arterial hypertension in the Krasnoyarsk Krai (Siberia, Russia).

BACKGROUND: To estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension among adult inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk Krai using the data from Russian multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiological Survey of cardiovascular diSEases in different regions of the Russian Federation). METHODS: The study included 1603 subjects 25 to 64 years old selected by means of systemic multistage stratified randomization among urban and rural inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk Krai recruited between February 2014 and June 2014. Office blood pressure (BP) was measured twice with "Omron" automated BP device on the right arm in the sitting position in presence of medical personnel. Arterial hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic BP of at least 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of at least 90 mmHg or self-reported previous elevated BP registration or use of antihypertensive treatment. Treatment efficacy was defined as percentage of patients achieved the target BP level among those who received antihypertensive medications, and HTN control as percentage of people achieved the target BP level among all hypertensives. RESULTS: The gender distribution was 652 males (39.4%) and 951 females (60.6%). The average level of systolic BP was 133.4 ± 0.5 mmHg, diastolic BP - 82.9 ± 0.3 mmHg. The average prevalence of HTN was estimated at 49.4% and appeared to be higher than similar parameter based on the data of 10 regions from the ESSE-RF study (44%). The average prevalence of HTN was estimated at 56.3% in males and 43.7% in females. The HTN prevalence in rural community was significantly higher in comparison with urban community (63.4 ± 2.4 vs. 44.2 ± 1.5%, p < 0.01). The average rate of HTN awareness in Krasnoyarsk Krai was 77.9% (average Russian value from ESSE-RF study was 73.1%). The average use of antihypertensive treatment, its efficacy and HTN control in Krasnoyarsk Krai were estimated at 59.5%, 31.6% and 18.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated prevalence of HTN in Krasnoyarsk Krai is higher than the average Russian parameter. The average HTN prevalence among men is higher than in women. The rural inhabitants are more likely to have hypertension compared with urban inhabitants. Despite high levels of HTN awareness and antihypertensive medication intake, the antihypertensive treatment efficacy in Krasnoyarsk Krai appeared to be lower in comparison with average Russian ESSE-RF values.

Evaluation of Serum Reaction to Low-Intensity Laser Exposure by Its Solid Phase Structure.

The effects of various modes of low-intensity laser exposure on the sera of healthy subjects and patients are studied. It is shown by the cuneiform dehydration method that the serum structure is liable to change in response to certain modes of low-intensity laser exposure. The structure of patients' sera is more sensitive to low-intensity laser exposure.

[Anemic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnostic approaches and treatment opportunities].

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a leading cause of anemic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Enhanced hepcidin production mainly stimulated by excess interleukin-6 levels is a key pathodgentic component of ACD (frequently known as anemia of inflammation) by causing the degradation of the transmembrane protein ferroportin, hepcidin impairs iron metabolism. On the basis of the material of recent publications the review gives present-day views on the pathodgenesis of ACD in RA, approaches to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACD, especially in its concomitance with iron-deficiency anemia, as well as approaches to therapy for the type of anemic syndrome with the complex mechanism for its development.

[Preclinical diagnosis of renal damage in essential hypertension]. / Doklinicheskaia diagnostika porazheniia pochek pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

AIM: To study renal functional reserve and 24-h beta 2-microglobulinuria (B2-MGU) in patients with different stages of essential hypertension (EH) and to evaluate acceptability of these parameters as early markers of preclinical renal impairment in EH. METHODS: We examined 150 patients (mean age 42.1 +/- 3.4 years) with EH without overt clinical manifestations of hypertensive nephropathy. Renal functional reserve (RFR) was determined with the use of acute oral protein loading and was defined as an increase in endogenic creatinine clearance in percent. B2-MGU was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIO-BETA-2-MICRO kit). Radioimmunoassay detection of microalbuminuria (MAU) was performed with the use of the standard kit Albumin-RIA. RESULTS: RFR appeared to be significantly lower in patients with EH compared to the control group, and its level significantly decreased with aggravation of EH. Both B2-MGU and MAU were significantly higher in patients with EH and significantly increased with aggravation of EH. CONCLUSION: We suggest that, apart from MAU, RFR abnormalities and excessive B2-MGU should be used as markers of preclinical renal impairment in EH.

[Current methods for assessing mucociliary transport disorders in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis]. / Sovremennye metody otsenki narushenii mukotsiliarnogo transporta v diagnostike khronicheskikh rinosinusitov.

Mucociliary transport of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa was assessed in 30 healthy subjects and 40 patients with chronic purulent rhinosinusitis. Clinical, biophysical, mathematical, histological and electron microscopic methods were employed. Biophysical investigation comprised life-time TV microscopy of the specimens. Mucociliary transport investigation and sparing sampling of the ciliary epithelium from mucosa surface of the nose and paranasal sinuses were performed by means of a special apparatus. The computer program modelled vibration of the cilia and estimated their movements (total waving frequency, duration of the impact and raising phases, their correlation). The study discovered prominent structural and functional impairment of the mucociliary system manifesting as ciliary dyskinesia and epithelium converting into the stratified squamous one.

[In vivo fluorimetry in physiological studies and clinical practice]. / Prizhiznennaia fliuorimetriia v fiziologii i klinike.

The paper describes two devices (an intraoperative luminescence probe and a medical fiberoptic spectrofluorimeter) to be used for fluorimetry of visceral tissues in man and animals and presents the results of their use in experiments and clinical practice. The application spheres of lifetime fluorimetry in physiological studies are dealt with.

[Immunocorrective therapy of severe forms of hepatitis B]. / Immunokorrigiruiushchaia terapiia tiazhelykh form virusnogo gepatita B.

Fifty-five patients with viral hepatitis B complicated by liver precoma and coma received therapy with glucocorticosteroid hormones (GCS) only and in combination with antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (ALG). GCS and ALG therapy proved to be more effective and clinical convalescence of the patients was 79% against 69% with the application of GCS therapy alone. Immunological shifts in patients with hepatitis B complicated by liver precoma and coma were expressed at most and characterized by a significant decrease in the content of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-suppressors. Correlation between a decrease in the HBsAg concentration or its disappearance in the blood serum and a decrease in the elevated level of the circulating immune complexes was revealed.

[Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in HBS-Ag carriers]. / Kletochno-oposredovannyi i gumoral'nyi immunitet u nositelei HBS-Ag.

The presence of HBs--Ag in the blood was established in 1.8% of practically healthy persons, in 29.7% of virus hepatitis patients and in 86.0% of serum hepatitis patients. The immunological study of clinically healthy HBs--Ag carriers revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of T and B lymphocytes and an increased level of serum IgA, IgM and IgG in the blood. Among donors, 7.6% were found to have lymphocytes sensitized to HBs--Ag and 15.4% were found to have lymphocytes sensitized to liver antigen, while for HBs--Ag carriers these data were 62.5% and 50%, respectively.

[Hepatitis B surface antigen in the liver and pericholedochal lymph nodes in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver]. / Poverkhnostnyi antigen gepatita B v pecheni i perikholedokheal'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlakh pri khronicheskom gepatite i tsirroze pecheni.

Morphological characteristics of the liver and the presence of HBsAg in the blood serum, liver tissue, and pericholedocheal lymph nodes were examined in 25 patients with chronic liver diseases and 2 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. The antigen in tissues was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and histochemically by staining with alcohol-arsein and aldehyde-fuxin. The antigen was found in the blood, liver tissue, and hepatocyte cytoplasm in both carriers and 10 patients. In 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and HBsAg antigenemia the antigen was also found in the liver tissue, in 1 patient it was absent in the blood but found in the liver, and in 2 patients it was absent in the blood and in the liver. In 5 patients with chronic hepatitis the antigen was demonstrated in the blood serum and the liver, in 12 patients it was not detected either in the blood or in the liver. In 8 patients enlarged pericholedocheal lymph nodes were examined, and in 6 of them HBsAg was detected in macrophages of the lymph nodes.