ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease (ND) causes devastating economic losses in poultry industry. AIMS: This study evaluates the plausible effect of prior or post challenge vaccination with a live commercial vaccine on some pathogenic aspects of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) infection in broilers with an emphasis on elucidating type I interferons (IFNs) response trends. METHODS: Chicks (n=250) were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups including negative control (NC), positive control (PC) (challenged with vNDV), and treatment (T1-T3) groups: (T1) only received Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of NDV vaccine, (T2) vaccinated 24 h prior to vNDV challenge, and (T3) vaccinated 24 h post vNDV challenge. Samples from trachea, cloacal content, and serum were collected at different time points to evaluate virus shedding or IFNs levels. RESULTS: Although clinical signs and lesions were not completely blocked by administration of vaccine prior to or post vNDV inoculation, the disease severity diminished as demonstrated by an increase in bird's survival rate and median survival days (MSDs). Moreover, prior to or post challenge VG/GA live vaccine administration, modified viral shedding patterns by decreasing the vNDV shedding period especially from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Strong early type I IFNs response was observed in the trachea and sera of chickens vaccinated prior to or post-infection (pi) as compared to birds that received vaccine or vNDV alone. In trachea, IFN-α response was more pronounced than IFN-ß, while both IFNs showed a considerable change in serum. CONCLUSION: It seems that vaccination after challenge with vNDV can improve bird's health similar to prior administration and reduces virus shedding which may be due to type I IFNs production.
ABSTRACT
Copper overload can cause sperm cell damage by inducing oxidative stress. On the other hand, cumin has a good antioxidant potential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cumin on sperm quality and testicular tissue following experimentally induced copper poisoning in mice. Forty-eight mature male mice were divided into four equal groups as follows: group Cu which received 0.1 ml copper sulphate at dose of 100 mg kg(-1) , group Cc which received Cuminum cyminum at dose of 1 mg kg(-1) , treatment group which received copper sulphate (100 mg kg(-1) ) and treated with Cuminum cyminum (1 mg kg(-1) ), and control group which received the same volume of normal saline. Six mice in each group were sacrificed at week 4 and week 6. The results showed that sperm concentration, motility and viability in group Cu were significantly decreased at weeks 4 and 6, and severe degenerative changes were observed in testicular tissues in comparison with the control group. In treatment group, significant improvement in the sperm count, motility and viability, and normal architecture in most seminiferous tubules with organised epithelium was observed compared to the group Cu. The sperm quality parameters in the treatment group approached those of the control group.
