Comparative effectiveness of antiplatelet therapies for saphenous venous graft occlusion and cardiovascular outcomes: a network meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The ideal antiplatelet therapy to maintain graft patency after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains controversial. This review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to compare aspirin monotherapy, ticagrelor monotherapy, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and ticagrelor (Asp+Tica) or with aspirin and clopidogrel (Asp+Clopi) to evaluate differences in post-CABG saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusion, internal mammary artery (IMA) occlusion, myocardial infarction (MI), bleeding, and all-cause mortality (ACM) rates. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The literature review was conducted on several electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central, from inception to August 10, 2022. Data was extracted using a predefined proforma. A Bayesian random-effects model was used for calculating point effect estimates (odds ratio and standard deviation). Quality assessment was done using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten RCTs comprising 2139 patients taking anti-platelets post-CABG were included. For preventing SVG occlusion, Asp+Tica showed the lowest mean AR of 0.144±0.068. Asp+Tica also showed a trend toward lesser postoperative MI risk and lower ACM rates, with a mean AR of 0.040±0.053 and 0.018±0.029, respectively. For maintaining IMA graft patency, Asp+Clopi showed the lowest mean AR of 0.092±0.053. Ticagrelor had the lowest mean AR of 0.049±0.075, with Asp+Tica showing a similar mean AR of 0.049±0.045 for postoperative major bleeding risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis demonstrates that Asp+Tica can be the ideal therapy for patients undergoing CABG using SVG as it decreases the risk of post-CABG SVG occlusion and is not associated with a significantly higher risk for major bleeding.

Enhanced photocatalytic property of Cu doped Ce2Zr2O7 toward photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light.

Widespread ecosystem degradation from noxious substances like industrial waste, toxic dyes, pesticides, and herbicides poses serious environmental risks. For remediation of these hazardous problems, present study introduces an innovative Cu-doped Ce2Zr2O7 nano-photocatalyst, fabricated via a simple, eco-friendly hydrothermal method, designed to degrade toxic textile dye methylene blue. Harnessing Cu doping for pyrochlore Ce2Zr2O7, structure engineering carried out through a hydrothermal synthesis method to achieve superior photocatalytic performance, addressing limitations of rapid charge carrier recombination in existing photocatalysts. Photoluminescence analysis showed that doped pyrochlore slows charge carrier recombination, boosting dye degradation efficiency. UV-Visible analysis demonstrated an impressive 96 % degradation of methylene blue by Cu-doped Ce2Zr2O7 within 50 min, far exceeding the performance of pristine materials. Trapping experiments clarified the charge transfer mechanism, deepening our understanding of the photocatalytic process. These findings highlight the potential for developing innovative, highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation, offering sustainable solutions to combat pollution. This study not only addresses the limitations of existing photocatalysts but also opens new avenues for enhancing photocatalytic performance through strategic material design.

Coalescence behavior of size-selected gold and tantalum nanoclusters under electron beam irradiation: insights into nano-welding mechanisms.

The emerging technique of nano-welding (NW) via precisely regulating the fusion of nanoclusters (NCs) in nanotechnology has attracted significant attention for its innovative approach. Employing the gas-phase condensation cluster source with a lateral time-of-flight (TOF) mass-selector, size-selected gold (Au), and tantalum (Ta) NCs were prepared. This study explores the coalescence behavior of size-selected Au and Ta NCs under electron beam irradiation, aiming to investigate the related mechanism governing the welding process. Intrinsically driven by the reduction of excess surface energy, electron beam induces atomic thermal migration, fostering sintering neck growth at cluster interfaces. During this process, atomic diffusion and recrystallization enable NCs to alter shape while retaining stable facet planes. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) showcases the formation of single or polycrystalline sintered clusters, during which some lattice distortions can be eliminated. Interestingly, oxidized Ta clusters experience knock-on damage caused by elastic scattering of electron beams, partially deoxidizing them. Additionally, electron-phonon inelastic scattering transforms oxidized Ta clusters from amorphous to crystalline structures. Moreover, the quantum size effect and surface effect of NCs facilitate the surpassing of miscibility limits during Au-Ta heterogeneous welding processes. This investigation bridges the gap between fundamental research on cluster materials and their practical applications.

Aberrant HIF1- α and SIX-1 Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutations.

BACKGROUND: IDH1 mutations are common in many cancers, however, their role in promoting the Warburg effect remains elusive. This study elucidates the putative involvement of mutant-IDH1 in regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1-α) and Sine-Oculis Homeobox-1 (SIX-1) expression. METHODOLOGY: Genetic screening was performed using the ARMS-PCR in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), brain, and breast cancer (BC) cohorts, while transcript expression was determined using qPCR. Further, a meta-analysis of risk factors associated with the R132 mutation was performed. RESULTS: Approximately 32% of AML and ∼60% of glioma cases were mutants, while no mutation was found in the BC cohort. 'AA' and TT' were associated with higher disease risk (OR = 12.18 & 4.68) in AML and had significantly upregulated IDH1 expression. Moreover, downregulated HIF1-α and upregulated SIX-1 expression was also observed in these patients, suggesting that mutant-IDH1 may alter glucose metabolism. Perturbed IDH1 and HIF-α levels exhibited poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate analysis, while age and gender were found to be contributory factors as well. Based on the ROC model, these had a good potential to be used as prognostic markers. A significant variation in frequencies of R132 mutations in AML among different populations was observed. Cytogenesis (R2 = 12.2%), NMP1 mutation status (R2 = 18.5%), and ethnic contributions (R2 = 73.21%) were critical moderators underlying these mutations. Women had a higher risk of R132 mutation (HR = 1.3, P < 0.04). The pooled prevalence was calculated to be 0.29 (95% CI 0.26-0.33, P < 0.01), indicating that IDH1 mutations are a significant prognostic factor in AML. CONCLUSION: IDH1 and HIF1-α profiles are linked to poor survival and prognosis, while high SIX-1 expression in IDH1 mutants suggests a role in leukemic transformation and therapy response in AML.

IDH1 mutations are common in many types of cancer, but scientists have not fully understood how they contribute to the Warburg effect - a process that alters glucose metabolism in cells. In this study, we evaluate the association between mutant-IDH1 and HIF1 as well as SIX-1 gene expression. We analyzed genetic data from patients with brain cancer, breast cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and found that roughly 32% of AML cases and 60% of glioma cases had IDH1 mutations, while no mutations were found in breast cancer. Patients with mutant genotypes had a higher risk of disease and showed upregulated IDH1 expression. They also had downregulated HIF1 and upregulated SIX-1 expression, suggesting that mutant-IDH1 can change glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Patients with abnormal IDH1 and HIF1 levels were more likely to have a poor prognosis. Further, we identified several risk factors that can influence IDH1 mutations, including cytogenesis, NMP1 mutation status, and ethnicity. The researchers calculated that IDH1 mutations are a significant factor in predicting outcomes for AML.

Thermoelectric Property Enhancement of Tellurium Nanowires by Surface Passivation.

The pursuit of high-performance thermoelectric materials is of paramount importance in addressing energy sustainability and environmental concerns. Here, we explore the multifaceted impact of sulfur passivation in the matrix of tellurium nanowires (TeNWs), encompassing environmental control, thermoelectric properties, and charge carrier mobility. In this study, we present the facile production of TeNWs using an aqueous solution synthesis approach. The synthesized TeNWs were subsequently subjected to surface modification involving sulfur moieties. Our findings demonstrate that sulfur passivation not only effectively safeguards the nanowires from environmental degradation but also significantly augments their thermoelectric properties. Notably, the highest recorded values were achieved at 560 K for passivated tellurium nanowires, exhibiting a Seebeck coefficient of 246 µV/K, an electrical conductivity of 14.2 S/cm, and power factors of 86.7 µW/m-K2. This strategy presents a promising avenue for the development of advanced thermoelectric materials for applications in energy harvesting, waste heat recovery, and sustainable energy conversion technologies.

Unplanned hospital admissions within 24 h after 53,185 surgical procedures at a U.S. ambulatory surgery center.

BACKGROUND: Unplanned admission after surgery at an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) is an established measure of the quality of care and can affect the patient's experience. Previous studies on this topic are generally dated, focused on a single specialty, or studied 30-day admissions after ambulatory surgery. Few studies have reported admission within 24 h after surgery at an ASC which is a different but important measure of the quality of anesthetic and surgical care. Understanding admissions within 24 h of surgery can identify opportunities for improvement immediately after surgery. Therefore, our study was designed to assess the incidence and risk factors for unplanned hospital admissions within 24 h after surgery performed at a hospital ASC. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective analysis was performed on all adult patients who underwent surgery at a US ASC between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2022. Data were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical record. The study sample was divided into two groups: those with an unplanned hospital admission within 24 h after surgery and those without an unplanned hospital admission. To evaluate risk factors for unplanned hospital admissions, univariate analyses with p value < 0.05 were utilized to identify significant patient variables related to hospital admissions. These variables were further adjusted using a multivariable Firth logistic regression. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the number of patients in different variable categories. RESULTS: Overall, 53,185 cases were identified for the 7-year period. The incidence of unplanned hospital admission over this period was 0.09% (95% CI 0.07-0.1122%; ranging from 0.05 to 0.12% per year. In the multivariable model, surgery duration (OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.007-1.012, p value < 0.0001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 14.489, 95% CI 4.862-43.174, p value < 0.0001), and deep venous thrombosis (OR 5.527, 95% CI 1.909-16.001, p value = 0.0016) were significantly associated with unplanned hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of unplanned hospital admission after surgery at a large tertiary care ambulatory surgery center is very low. This admission rate can also serve as a reference point for future studies and quality improvement initiatives.

Modelling and optimization of an existing onshore gas gathering network using PIPESIM.

Pakistan has limited natural gas reserves, and most are found onshore. This article reports on the problems of an onshore gas gathering network (GGN) analysed through steady-state simulation modelling using PIPESIM software. The research methodology incorporates a comprehensive steady-state hydraulic analysis considering fluid flowing velocity limitations, liquid holdup and slugging along with other issues faced by gas gathering networks. The steady-state hydraulic analysis has led us to pinpoint specific GGN pipelines facing critically low gas velocities and consequent liquid holdup. Addressing these issues involved application of PIPESIM software for modelling, considering various operating schemes of gas-producing wells and their associated pipelines. To select an optimal operating scheme, the study utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for operational optimization, to identify the most effective solution for reduced liquid holdup, improving production, and ensuring the safe operation among available alternatives. Findings from our hydraulic analysis highlight the importance of reducing GGN outlet pressure to mitigate challenges associated with liquid holdup which causes slugging and back pressure effect at source leading to low production and poor performance of the GGN. Study of three alternative cases reveals that decreasing outlet pressure lowers the liquid holdup, improve gas flowing velocities, and enhanced overall production. These findings validate our hypothesis that reducing GGN outlet pressure is a viable strategy to lower the liquid holdup in pipelines. This research offers significant value by providing a comprehensive solution to GGN liquid holdup, low flowing velocities, back pressure and low production challenges. The integration of steady-state hydraulic analysis, simulation modelling with PIPESIM, and the application of AHP for optimization contributes novel insights into the optimization of operation of gas gathering networks. Emphasizing the reduction of liquid holdup and enhancing production through outlet pressure adjustments offers a practical framework for optimizing the functionality of gas gathering networks.

Evaluation of growth, antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes and immunity of Nanoselenium-Fed Cirrhinus mrigala.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticle (Se-NP) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass composition, antioxidant status, hepatic enzyme activities, and immunity of Cirrhinus mrigala. For this purpose, fish with an average initial weight of 7.44 ± 0.04 g were fed five experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg kg-1 Se-NPs diets for 90 days. The analysed selenium (Se) contents of the diets were 0.35, 0.64, 0.92, 1.43, and 2.39 mg kg-1. Twenty five fish were randomly distributed in each of 5 aquarium (36 × 23.7 × 24.3 inches) in triplicate. The results showed that supplementation with Se up to 0.92 mg/kg significantly increased (p<0.05) weight gain, weight gain% (WG%), and specific growth rate (SGR) by 34%, 33%, and 16%, respectively, compared to the control diet. Dietary Se concentrations up to 0.92 mg/kg significantly increased the crude protein and crude fat and reduced (p<0.05) the moisture content as compared to the control group. Fish fed 0.92 mg kg-1 Se had significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and higher activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver and serum as compared to other experimental diets. Moreover, a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme (LYZ) activity was recorded in fish fed 0.92 mg/kg Se diet. Moreover, the highest (p<0.05) values of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were recorded in fish fed 2.39 mg/kg Se level. However, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity remained unaffected by dietary treatment. Broken-line regression analysis indicated that 0.83 mg/kg Se is required for the optimum growth performance of C. mrigala.

Case report-unveiling a case of hemoglobin D-Punjab variant with iron deficiency anemia in Sindh (Pakistan).

Hemoglobin D variations are a group of hemoglobinopathies caused by mutations in the genes that control the synthesis of new globin chains. Hemoglobin D-Punjab is the most prevalent but frequently asymptomatic, it can occasionally cause mild to moderate hemolytic anemia, making diagnosis difficult and raising the risk of misdiagnosis. This article discusses a rare instance of a seventeen-year-old male in Sindh, Pakistan with iron deficiency anemia who was later found to have the Punjab variation of the hemoglobin D. The patient had signs of weakness, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which were initially alleviated by iron supplementation but eventually became refractory. Hemoglobin electrophoresis demonstrated the distinctive hypochromic, microcytic red blood cell shape, and laboratory tests verified the presence of the Hemoglobin D-Punjab feature. The instance emphasizes how crucial it is to distinguish Hemoglobin D-Punjab from other anemias in order to guarantee proper care. This case underscores the importance of recognizing hemoglobin D-Punjab trait, to provide appropriate genetic counseling and ensure the patient's well-being. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the diverse spectrum of hemoglobinopathies is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Physiological Function of Gut Microbiota and Metabolome on Successful Pregnancy and Lactation in the Captive Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis).

The gestation period in captive Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is a well-coordinated and dynamic process that involves both systemic and local alterations. The gut microbiota and its connection to fecal metabolites are crucial in supporting fetal development and ensuring maternal health during reproductive stages. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota and their correlation with fecal metabolites in captive YFPs during different reproductive stages. The results reveal that microbial community structure changed significantly during reproductive stages, while gut microbial diversity remained stable. The genus unclassified Peptostrptococcaceae, Corynebacterium, and norank KD4-96 were significantly greater in non-pregnancy (NP), Terrisporobacter was significantly greater in lactating (LL), and Clostridium was significantly higher in early-pregnancy (EP) compared to the other groups. The host fecal metabolome exhibited significant alterations during the reproductive stages. Indoxyl sulfate, octadecatrienoic acid, and methionyl-methionine were significantly higher in the NP; galactosylglycerol, chondroitin 6-sulfate, and lumichrome were significantly higher in the EP and mid-pregnancy (MP); and valylleucine and butyryl-l-carnitine were significantly higher in the LL. The altered metabolites were mostly concentrated in pathways associated with arachidonic acid metabolism (significantly altered in NP), leucine, valine, and isoleucine biosynthesis (significantly altered in EP and MP), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (significantly altered in LL compared to others stages). Additionally, we found a strong link between variations in the host metabolism and alterations in the fecal bacteria of captive YFP. In conclusion, this study provides detailed insights into host metabolic and fecal bacterial changes in captive YFP during reproduction stages, providing important knowledge for improving the reproductive management in the captive YFP.

Machine learning and wearable sensors for automated Parkinson's disease diagnosis aid: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is currently based on clinical evaluation. Despite clinical hallmarks, unfortunately, the error rate is still significant. Low in-vivo diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluation mainly relies on the lack of quantitative biomarkers for an objective motor performance assessment. Non-invasive technologies, such as wearable sensors, coupled with machine learning algorithms, assess quantitatively and objectively the motor performances, with possible benefits either for in-clinic and at-home settings. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on machine learning algorithms embedded in smart devices in Parkinson's disease diagnosis. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched PubMed for articles published between December, 2007 and July, 2023, using a search string combining "Parkinson's disease" AND ("healthy" or "control") AND "diagnosis", within the Groups and Outcome domains. Additional search terms included "Algorithm", "Technology" and "Performance". RESULTS: From 89 identified studies, 47 met the inclusion criteria based on the search string and four additional studies were included based on the Authors' expertise. Gait emerged as the most common parameter analysed by machine learning models, with Support Vector Machines as the prevalent algorithm. The results suggest promising accuracy with complex algorithms like Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and K-Nearest Neighbours. DISCUSSION: Despite the promise shown by machine learning algorithms, real-world applications may still face limitations. This review suggests that integrating machine learning with wearable sensors has the potential to improve Parkinson's disease diagnosis. These tools could provide clinicians with objective data, potentially aiding in earlier detection.

Effect of chloroquine pre-treatment on the metoclopramide's pharmacokinetics after their co-administration.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic interactions of orally administered chloroquine and metoclopramide. METHODS: The study employed a randomized and two-phase cross-over design with 4-week washout plan. Twelve healthy male volunteers were shortlisted according to the set criteria and were administered with metoclopramide 10 mg PO and chloroquine (a total of 1500 mg) at different intervals which were (500 mg at 0, 6, and 24 h). The concentration of chloroquine and metoclopramide in the blood samples was estimated using a validated HPLC-UV technique to affirm the maximum concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax), and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Cmax, T1/2, and AUC of metoclopramide were increased up to 20, 10, and 47.8%, respectively, by the concomitantly administering Chloroquine. Chloroquine-treated phase showed increased values of Cmax (ng/ml), AUC (ng.h/ml), and T½ (h), i.e. 41.35 ± 1.61, 504.12 ± 66.25, and 5.72 ± 2.63, as compared to that reference phase i.e. 34.52 ± 4.92, 341.14 ± 112.8, and 5.19 ± 1.14, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chloroquine was found to attenuate CYP2D6 activity in healthy Pakistani male volunteers. Hence, patients that are prescribed with metoclopramide or other CYP2D6-substrate drugs require a dose adjustment when administered with chloroquine.

Potassium and zinc improves physiological performance, nutrient use efficiency, and productivity of wheat.

Despite the critical role of balanced nutrition in crop productivity, the use of potash (K) and zinc (Zn) is not much practiced by Pakistani farmers. The reduced nutrient uptake and crop productivity together increase the costs associated with fertilization and revisit farmers' confidence in the efficacy and profitability of fertilizers. To address this problem, a field study was conducted in the research area of the MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, in collaboration with Engro Fertilizers Limited. The research plan consisted of five treatments, including T1 = control (without N, P, K, and Zn fertilizers), T2 = NP in practice (NP at 32-23-0 kg acre-1), T3 = recommended NP (NP at 48-34.5 kg acre-1), T4 = balanced NPK (NP+K at 48-34.5-30 kg acre-1), and T5 = balanced NPK + Zn (NPK+Zn at 48-34.5-30 + 7.5 kg acre-1). Wheat was used as a test crop, and its growth, yield, and physiological and nutritional parameters were studied. The results indicated that NPK+Zn balanced nutrition increased plant height, spike length, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and grain yield by 13%, 15%, 44%, 60%, 63%, 39%, and 78%, respectively, compared with the control. It was found that the combined application of NP, K, and Zn improved the recovery efficiency of applied nutrients, i.e., nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) by 230%, phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) by 136%, potassium recovery efficiency (KRE) by 135%, and zinc recovery efficiency (ZnRE) by 136% compared to NP-alone application. Agronomic use efficiency of applied fertilizers, such as potassium agronomic use efficiency (KAUE) by 71%, phosphorus agronomic use efficiency (PAUE) by 72%, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency (NAUE) by 70%, and zinc agronomic use efficiency (ZnAUE) by 72%, was observed compared to NP-alone application. The results showed that NPUE, PPUE, NPUE, and ZnPUE were reduced by 5%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, compared to NP-alone application. Our findings suggest that K and Zn should be made an essential part of wheat nutrition management for higher yield and better quality of produce.

Management of Ischemic Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Existing Status and Prospective Opportunities.

Background and objective Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the third largest province of Pakistan by population and has a high incidence of ischemic stroke. We evaluated all patients who presented to the largest tertiary care facility in the province to learn about the current trends in the management of ischemic stroke and explore future opportunities in this regard.  Materials and methods This prospective observational research was carried out at the Lady Reading Hospital-Medical Teaching Institute (LRH-MTI), Peshawar, in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The hospital's ethics committee granted the required permissions for the research. Any patient with an ischemic stroke diagnosis, regardless of age, met the inclusion criteria if their diagnosis was confirmed by clinical assessment, imaging (such as CT or MRI), or both. The clinical parameters that were evaluated included the duration since the patient's reported onset of symptoms, the patient's first mode of transfer to the hospital (such as ambulance, private vehicle, or other means), and the date and time of admission to the hospital. A structured database containing the data was utilized, and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for statistical analysis. Results One hundred fifty-six stroke patients were diagnosed throughout the study period, with 76 of them having an ischemic stroke, accounting for 49% of all stroke cases. Approximately 43% (n = 33) of the patients were from Peshawar, with the remaining patients coming from adjacent districts. There was only a small percentage (19%, n = 15) of patients who were eligible for any thrombolytic therapy, and the majority (93%) were brought by private vehicles. There was a significant association between age and arrival in the emergency room (p = 0.003). Conclusion The study reveals subpar ischemic stroke management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, requiring coordinated efforts, modernization of treatment methods, and increased public awareness to improve patient outcomes.

Nexus among the perceived infrastructural, social, economic, and environmental impact of CPEC: A case of Pakistan.

Despite its ambitious "economic sustainability" objectives, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been the subject of growing environmental anxiety. Considering the CPEC developments, it is clear that Pakistan is ready to fully embrace this new industrial chapter and take advantage of its major benefits to solve social, energy, infrastructure, and economic problems. However, it should also seriously commit to undertaking proper environmental impact assessments and upgrading system resilience. Data was collected from 400 respondents from Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was applied with the help of AMOS. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate the results and test the study's hypothesis. The results indicate a strong socio-economic impact across perceived economic, infrastructure, social, and total impacts, but they identify a negative association between infrastructure innovation and environmental sustainability. Moreover, results revealed that infrastructure supports social and economic growth, but it might have a substantial negative impact on biodiversity. According to findings, Pakistan may be more vulnerable to climate change due to three potential environmental issues: coal-fired power plants, CO2 concentration along the CPEC route, and increased traffic on the Karakorum Highway. Furthermore, future international trade will be significantly impacted by the corridor. It may, however, also accelerate the destruction of the ecosystem over time due to the industrial revolution.

Do circular economy, public-private Partnership and carbon policy manage the environmental stress? Developed countries' situation under the Prism of COP27.

Since the Industrial Revolution, the economies have played well to make progress in economic growth. Besides, rapid growth has brought severe challenges, and environmental degradation is one of them. Therefore, the globe has introduced several green initiatives, such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals, but the problem remains intact. Specifically, this study focuses on COP27 and highlights the key challenges and their best solutions. Undoubtedly, most nations have tried to meet their settled targets by 2030, but these have different priorities to facilitate their populace. Therefore, international cooperation has been introduced as a logical solution to collaborate across borders or within the region to deal with sustainability themes. However, developed nations have environmental problems due to industrial, income, and population growth, directly associated with environmental risks. Thus, under the SDGs, this empirical research tries to cover the critical problems (income, population aging, & industrial development) and their best alternative (public-private partnership, emission taxes & circular economy) to minimize environmental issues. Similarly, the current study utilizes an advanced series of estimators to investigate the study's objective for 17 developed nations from 2000 to 2021. Investigated outcomes describe income, population aging, and industrial activities that bring carbon emissions. Conversely, carbon policy and public-private partnerships support the sustainability theme for specified economies. Under the base model, the circular economy declines the environmental pressure by 0.016 %, 0.002 %, and 0.019 %, respectively, under the specified estimators. Moreover, this empirical research investigates the mediating role of carbon policy, public-private partnership & circular economy on industrial development. It brings a significant decline in emissions only for carbon policy & circular economy. However, this study also proposes some green policies to become clean & green shortly.

An analysis of morphological and genetic diversity of mango fruit flies in Pakistan.

Fruit flies of genus Bactrocera are important insect pests of commercially cultivated mangos in Pakistan limiting its successful production in the country. Despite the economic risk, the genetic diversity and population dynamics of this pest have remained unexplored. This study aimed to morphologically identify Bactrocera species infesting Mango in major production areas of the country and to confirm the results with insect DNA barcode techniques. Infested mango fruits from the crop of 2022, were collected from 46 locations of 11major production districts of Punjab and Sindh provinces, and first-generation flies were obtained in the laboratory. All 10,653 first generation flies were morphologically identified as two species of Bactrocera; dorsalis and zonata showing geography-based relative abundance in the two provinces; Punjab and Sindh. Morphological identification was confirmed by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (mt-COI) based DNA barcoding. Genetic analysis of mtCOI gene region of 61 selected specimens by the presence of two definite clusters and reliable intraspecific distances validated the results of morphological identification. This study by morphological identification of a large number of fruit fly specimens from the fields across Pakistan validated by insect DNA barcode reports two species of Bactrocera infesting mango in the country.

SwissADME studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches of methyl substituted curcumin derivatives.

Research suggests curcumin's safety and efficacy, prompting interest in its use for treating and preventing various human diseases. The current study aimed to predict drag ability of methyl substituted curcumin derivatives (BL1 to BL4) using SwissADME and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches. The curcumin derivatives investigated mostly adhere to Lipinski's rule of five, with molecular properties including MW, F. Csp3, nHBA, nHBD, and TPSA falling within acceptable limits. The compounds demonstrating high lipophilicity while poor water solubility. The pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed favorable gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeation while none were identified as substrates for P-glycoprotein, however, revealed inhibitory actions against various cytochrome P450 enzymes. Additionally, all derivatives exhibited a consistent bioavailability score of 0.55. Similarly, the DFT computations of the compounds of the curcumin derivatives were conducted at B3LYP/6-311 G** level to predict and then assess the key electronic characteristics underlying the bioactivity. Accordingly, the BL4 molecule (ΔEgap= 4.105 eV) would prefer to interact with the external molecular system more than the other molecules due to having the biggest energy gap. The ΔNmax (2.328 eV) and Δεback-donat. (-0.446 eV) scores implied that BL1 would have more charge transfer capability and the lowest stability via back donation among the compounds. In short, the derivative (BL1 to BL4) exhibited strong extrinsic therapeutic properties and therefore stand eligible for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of the Bioactive Compounds of White Mulberry (Morus alba): Current Paradigms and Future Challenges.

Traditional natural products have been the focus of research to explore their medicinal properties. One such medicinally important plant is the white mulberry, Morus alba, widely distributed in the Asian subcontinent. It is one of the most cultivated species of mulberry tree and has attracted more focus from researchers because of its abundance in phytochemicals as well as multipurpose uses. The leaves, fruits and other parts of the white mulberry plant act as a source of valuable bioactive compounds like flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids and alkaloids. These secondary metabolites have manifold healthy uses as they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, neutrotrophic, and anticancer properties. Despite the increasing scientific interest in this plant, there are very few reviews that highlight the phytochemistry and biological potential of white mulberry for biomedical research. To this end, this review elaborates the phytochemistry, biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological activities of the glycoside flavonoids of Morus alba. A comprehensive analysis of the available literature indicates that Morus alba could emerge as a promising natural agent to combat diverse conditions including diabetes, cancer, inflammation and infectious diseases. To achieve such important objectives, it is crucial to elucidate the biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of the bioactive compounds in white mulberry as well as the multifaceted pharmacological effects attributed to this plant resource. The present review paper is intended to present a summary of existing scientific data and a guide for further research in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of white mulberry. Further, a biosynthetic pathway analysis of the glycoside flavonoid in mulberry is also given. Lastly, we discuss the pros and cons of the current research to ensure the prudent and effective therapeutic value of mulberry for promoting human and animal health.