CSAMDT: Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformers for Radiology Report Generation from Chest X-Ray.

A radiology report plays a crucial role in guiding patient treatment, but writing these reports is a time-consuming task that demands a radiologist's expertise. In response to this challenge, researchers in the subfields of artificial intelligence for healthcare have explored techniques for automatically interpreting radiographic images and generating free-text reports, while much of the research on medical report creation has focused on image captioning methods without adequately addressing particular report aspects. This study introduces a Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformer model for generating radiological reports. The model operates in two phases: initially, a multi-label classification model, utilizing ResNet152 v2 as an encoder, is employed for feature extraction and multiple disease diagnosis. In the second phase, the Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformer serves as a decoder, utilizing self-attention memory-driven transformers to generate text reports. Comprehensive experimentation was conducted to compare existing and proposed techniques based on Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores ranging from 1 to 4. The model outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by increasing the BLEU 1 (0.475), BLEU 2 (0.358), BLEU 3 (0.229), and BLEU 4 (0.165) respectively. This study's findings can alleviate radiologists' workloads and enhance clinical workflows by introducing an autonomous radiological report generation system.

Modulated complexed stenosed region consequences under the electroosmotic stimulation.

The present study analyzes the theoretical consequences of slip effects in a complex stenosed region. The flow of blood in a stenosed region is incorporated with hybrid nanofluid features which are being prepared with copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. The flow is also intensified by applying an electric field in the axial direction. The governing equations for the proposed paradigm are solved and the corresponding closed-form solutions are obtained for the cases of mild stenosis. Parameters such as Electro-osmotic, velocity slip and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski are specially focused in this study. The heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress and resistance impedance for the flow are precisely determined. The various parameters that influence the physical characteristics of flow are plotted, and their effects are discussed in detail. The present model has the potential application in medical pumps for drug delivery systems.

Yeast biomass ornamented macro-hierarchical chitin nanofiber aerogel for enhanced adsorption of cadmium(II) ions.

There is an urgent need to develop sustainable, renewable, and environment-friendly adsorbents to rectify heavy metals from water. In the current study, a green hybrid aerogel was prepared by immobilizing yeast on chitin nanofibers in the presence of a chitosan interacting substrate. A cryo-freezing technique was employed to construct a 3D honeycomb architecture comprising the hybrid aerogel with excellent reversible compressibility and abundant water transportation pathways for the accelerated diffusion of Cadmium(II) (Cd(II)) solution. This 3D hybrid aerogel structure offered copious binding sites to accelerate the Cd(II) adsorption. Moreover, the addition of yeast biomass amplified the adsorption capacity and reversible wet compression of hybrid aerogel. The monolayer chemisorption mechanism explored by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 127.5 mg/g. The hybrid aerogel demonstrated higher compatibility for Cd(II) ions as compared to the other coexisted ions in wastewater and manifested a better regeneration potential following four consecutive sorption-desorption cycles. Complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion-exchange and pore entrapment were perhaps major mechanisms involved in the removal of Cd(II) revealed by XPS and FT-IR. This study unveiled a novel avenue for efficient green-synthesized hybrid aerogel that may be sustainably used as an excellent purifying agent for Cd(II) removal from wastewater.

BioClay nanosheets infused with GA3 ameliorate the combined stress of hexachlorobenzene and temperature extremes in Brassica alboglabra plants.

Environmental pollutants and climate change are the major cause of abiotic stresses. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an airborne and aero-disseminated persistent organic pollutants (POP) molecule causing severe health issues in humans, and temperature extremes and HCB in combination severely affect the growth and yield of crop plants around the globe. The higher HCB uptake and accumulation by edible plants ultimately damage human health through the contaminated food chain. Hence, confining the passive absorbance of POPs is a big challenge for researchers to keep the plant products safer for human consumption. BioClay functional layered double hydroxide is an effective tool for the stable delivery of acidic molecules on plant surfaces. The current study utilized gibberellic acid (GA3) impregnated BioClay (BioClay GA ) to alleviate abiotic stress in Brassica alboglabra plants. Application of BioClay GA mitigated the deleterious effects of HCB besides extreme temperature stress in B. alboglabra plants. BioClay GA significantly restricted HCB uptake and accumulation in applied plants through increasing the avoidance efficacy (AE) up to 377.61%. Moreover, the exogenously applied GA3 and BioClay GA successfully improved the antioxidative system, physiochemical parameters and growth of stressed B. alboglabra plants. Consequently, the combined application of BioClay and GA3 can efficiently alleviate low-temperature stress, heat stress, and HCB toxicity.

Calcium Nanoparticles Impregnated With Benzenedicarboxylic Acid: A New Approach to Alleviate Combined Stress of DDT and Cadmium in Brassica alboglabra by Modulating Bioacummulation, Antioxidative Machinery and Osmoregulators.

At present, the alleviation of stress caused by climate change and environmental contaminants is a crucial issue. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an organochlorine, which causes significant health problems in humans. The stress caused by cadmium (Cd) and the toxicity of DDT have direct effects on the growth and yield of crop plants. Ultimately, the greater uptake and accumulation of DDT by edible plants affects human health by contaminating the food chain. The possible solution to this challenging situation is to limit the passive absorption of POPs into the plants. Calcium (Ca) is an essential life component mandatory for plant growth and survival. This study used impregnated Ca (BdCa) of benzenedicarboxylic acid (Bd) to relieve abiotic stress in plants of Brassica alboglabra. BdCa mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and reduced DDT bioaccumulation. By increasing the removal efficacy (RE) up to 256.14%, BdCa greatly decreased pollutant uptake (Cd 82.37% and DDT 93.64%) and supported photosynthetic machinery (86.22%) and antioxidant enzyme defenses (264.73%), in applied plants. Exogenously applied Bd also successfully improved the antioxidant system and the physiochemical parameters of plants. However, impregnation with Ca further enhanced plant tolerance to stress. This novel study revealed that the combined application of Ca and Bd could effectively relieve individual and combined Cd stress and DDT toxicity in B. alboglabra.

Karrikinolide alleviates BDE-28, heat and Cd stressors in Brassica alboglabra by correlating and modulating biochemical attributes, antioxidative machinery and osmoregulators.

In this study, we have evaluated the role of karrikin (KAR1) against the absorption and translocation of a persistent organic pollutant (POP), 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28) in plants, in the presence of two other stressors, cadmium (Cd) and high temperature. Furthermore, it correlates the physiological damages of Brassica alboglabra with the three stresssors separately. The results revealed that the post-germination application of KAR1 successfully augmented the growth (200%) and pertinent physiochemical parameters of B. alboglabra. KAR1 hindered air absorption of BDE-28 in plant tissues, and reduced its translocation coefficient (TF). Moreover, BDE-28 was the most negatively correlated (-0.9) stressor with chlorophyll contents, while the maximum mitigation by KAR1 was also achieved agaist BDE-28. The effect of temperature was more severe on soluble sugars (0.51), antioxidative machinery (-0.43), and osmoregulators (0.24). Cd exhibited a stronger inverse interrelation with the enzymatic antioxidant cascade. Application of KAR1 mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and temperature stress on plant physiological parameters along with reduced aero-concentration factor, TF, and metal tolerance index. The phytohormone reduced lipid peroxidation by decreasing synthesis of ROS and persuading its breakdown. The stability of cellular membranes was perhaps due to the commotion of KAR1 as a growth-promoting phytohormone. In the same way, KAR1 supplementation augmented the membrane stability index, antioxidant defense factors, and removal efficiency of the pollutants. Consequently, the exogenously applied KAR1 can efficiently alleviate Cd stress, heat stress, and POP toxicity.

Functional and Structural Analysis of a Novel Acyltransferase from Pathogenic Phytophthora melonis.

This investigation characterizes an acyltransferase enzyme responsible for the pathogenicity of Phytophthora melonis. The protein was characterized in vitro for its physicochemical properties. The biochemical characterization, including thermal and pH stability, revealed the 35 °C temperature and 7.0 pH as the optimum conditions for the enzyme. Applying the Tween-80 solution enhanced the activity up to 124.9%. Comprehensive structural annotation revealed two domains, A (ranging from residues 260 to 620) and B (ranging from 141 to 219). Domain A had transglutaminase (T-Gase) elicitor properties, while B possessed antifreeze features. Rigorous sequence characterization of the acyltransferase tagged it as a low-temperature-resistant protein. Further, the taxonomic distribution analysis of the protein highlighted three genera in Oomycetes, i.e., Pythium, Phytophthora, and Plasmopara, bearing this protein. However, some taxonomic groups other than Oomycetes (i.e., archaea and bacteria) also contained the protein. Functional studies of structurally analogous proteins spanned 10 different taxonomic groups. These revealed TGase elicitors (10%), phytopathogen effector proteins RxLR (4%), transporter family proteins (3%), and endonucleases (1%). Other analogues having one percent of their individual share were HIV tat-specific factor 1, protocadherin fat 4, transcription factor 1, and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. Because the plant infection by P. melonis is a complex process regulated by a profusion of extracellular signals secreted by both host plants and the pathogen, this study will be of help in interpreting the cross-talk in the host-pathogen system.

Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata.

The current study enlists metabolites of Alstonia scholaris with bioactivities, and the most active compound, 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine, was selected against Macrophomina phaseolina. Appraisal of the Alstonia metabolites identified the 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine as a bioactive compound which elevated vitamins and nutritional contents of Vigna unguiculata up to ≥18%, and other physiological parameters up to 28.9%. The bioactive compound (0.1%) upregulated key defense genes, shifted defense metabolism from salicylic acid to jasmonic acid, and induced glucanase enzymes for improved defenses. The structural studies categorized four glucanase-isozymes under beta-glycanases falling in (Trans) glycosidases with TIM beta/alpha-barrel fold. The study determined key-protein factors (Q9SAJ4) for elevated nutritional contents, along with its structural and functional mechanisms, as well as interactions with other loci. The nicotine-docked Q9SAJ4 protein showed a 200% elevated activity and interacted with AT1G79550.2, AT1G12900.1, AT1G13440.1, AT3G04120.1, and AT3G26650.1 loci to ramp up the metabolic processes. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the physiological mechanism involved in the enrichment of the nutritional contents of V. unguiculata. Metabolic studies concluded that increased melibiose and glucose 6-phosphate contents, accompanied by reduced trehalose (-0.9-fold), with sugar drifts to downstream pyruvate biosynthesis and acetyl Co-A metabolism mainly triggered nutritional contents. Hydrogen bonding at residues G.357, G.380, and G.381 docked nicotine with Q9SAJ4 and transformed its bilobed structure for easy exposure toward substrate molecules. The current study augments the nutritional value of edible stuff and supports agriculture-based country economies.

A significant role of permeability on blood flow for hybrid nanofluid through bifurcated stenosed artery: Drug delivery application.

OBJECTIVE: The prime objective of concerned article is to discuss the permeability impacts on blood flow by considering hybrid nanofluid through bifurcated stenosed artery. DESIGN/APPROACH: The human body circulatory framework involves the arrangement of veins that fuse the bifurcation on parent, at apex and on regions of daughter artery with nanoparticles is viewed. Blood streaming is recognized as Newtonian along vessel segment. The walls of the stenosed bifurcated artery is considered to be permeable as well as compliant. Copper and its oxide as used as drug to minimize the stress and the lesions of the atherosclerotic artery. FINDINGS: The theoretical investigation is carried out by invoking the experimental values of hybrid nanoparticles into the structured equations. Moreover, impacts of hemodynamics are also make sense of to inspect the progression of blood for atherosclerotic vein. Daughter and parent artery comparison is described through parabolic graph of velocity. Graphical illustration is utilized to present the theoretical results of this drug delivery model. Metallic nanoparticles justify their use in drug delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The flow of blood is viewed as not quite the same as pressure between segments of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic course. Bifurcation angle minimize the stress for daughter artery whereas trend is opposite for parent daughter. The change in compliant wall parameter reduces the circulating bolus size for parent daughter whereas for daughter artery the change in bolus shape is observed.

Utilization of Cu-nanoparticles as medication agent to reduce atherosclerotic lesions of a bifurcated artery having compliant walls.

OBJECTIVE: A theoretical analysis is presented to study the bio-nanofluid with copper as medication agent for atherosclerotic bifurcated artery with flexible walls. DESIGN/APPROACH: The circulatory framework in human body is comprised of a system of veins that incorporate the bifurcation in this way the impact of copper nanoparticles on parent, at apex and on daughter artery regions (in the wake of being bifurcated) is watched. Streaming of blood along vessel segment is recognized to be newtonian. The consistent idea of the atherosclerotic arterial wall is additionally considered to make relationship with permeability aspects with arterial wall thickness. Copper nanoparticles are utilized to reduce the atherosclertic lesions for bifurcated stenotic artery. FINDINGS: The designed equations along with the experimental values of copper nanoparticles and blood are utilized for theoretical investigation. Moreover, hemodynamics impacts are also figure out to examine the flow of blood for atherosclertic artery. Comparison between parent and daughter artery is plotted through velocity profile. To see the theoretical assistance of this copper mediated model in biomedical field, graphical illustration is presented. At the end, noticed that the inclusion of copper nanoparticles enhances the velocity significantly both for parent as well as daughter artery. CONCLUSIONS: The circulation of blood is considered to be different from pressure between portions of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic artery. Shear stress is reduces by changing the bifurcation angle for daughter artery while trend is reversed for parent artery. The size of inner circularting bolus decreases by changing compliant parameter for parent artery while shape is changed for daughter artery.

Hybrid mediated blood flow investigation for atherosclerotic bifurcated lesions with slip, convective and compliant wall impacts.

OBJECTIVE: The present investigation is concerned with hybrid mediated blood flow model through atherosclerotic bifurcated artery with slip effects by considering the properties of compliant walls. DESIGN/APPROACH: In human body, the circulatory system is made up of a network of blood vessels that include the bifurcation therefore the influence of hybrid nanoparticles on parent artery with mild stenosis, at apex and in the region of daughter arteries (after being bifurcated) is observed. Blood streaming along the segment of vessel is considered to be Newtonian. The compliant nature of the atherosclerotic artery wall is also considered to create association with permeability aspects for the thickness of arterial wall. Property of heat transfer with convective impacts is taken into account to weaken the stenotic lesions. Through phase flow model approach, a mathematical model is develop with the phenomena of hybrid nanofluid. FINDINGS: For theoretical research of designed equations experimentally determined values of nanoparticles and base fluid are used. Further, flow configurations of hemodynamics are figure out to analyze the blood flow through bifurcated stenotic artery. The comparison in parent and daughter artery is plotted for velocity profile. These patterns provide us a graphical way to recognize the importance of theoretical assistance of this model to biomedical field. At the end, it is concluded from graphical results that slip to the boundary reduces the resistance to flow for atherosclerotic bifurcated artery. CONCLUSIONS: In bifurcated artery, blood circulation is assumed due to difference of pressure between atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic portions. Slip impacts are more effective to reduce the hemodynamics effects of stenosis for bifurcated artery. Bifurcation angle reduces the shear stress for daughter artery whereas opposite behavior is observed for parent artery. Compliant wall parameters reduces the inner bolus size in stenotic region while number of bolus increases in bifurcated region. Reduction in the amplitude of shear stress for convective parameter is more prominent in the parent artery as compared to daughter artery.

Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack.

BACKGROUND: Tomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a non-pathogenic fungal species Penicillium oxalicum have been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants to better withstand against Alternaria alternata infection. RESULTS: Initially, bioactivity-guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites of P. oxalicum [benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDA) and benzimidazole]. Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3; (ii) serine/threonine-protein kinase O48814; and (iii) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improved plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine-type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two-step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively. CONCLUSION: Penicillium oxalicum a non-pathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it against Alternaria alternata. The current study is the first report on the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Egg source natural proteins LBL modified cellulose nanofibrous mats and their cellular compatibility.

Natural-based nanocomposites are competitive and promising materials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility. Herein, a novel natural-based composite was fabricated by alternately depositing lysozyme (LY) and albumin egg (AE) on electrospun cellulose nanofibrous mats via layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL) technology. To indicate the successful deposition process and investigate the variations of the mats during LBL process, the surface morphology, physical property, chemical composition, wetting behavior and thermal stability were systematically studied. The results showed that the surface morphology and composition of the mats were significantly influenced by LBL process, which further resulted in the variation of wetting behavior. Besides, the mechanical properties were enhanced after LBL modification. In addition, the LBL structured nanofibrous mats exhibited antibacterial activity and excellent biocompatibility with L929 fibroblasts. In brief, LY and AE coated LBL structured cellulose nanofibrous mats, especially the 15 bilayers coated mats, have considerably potential applications in the biomedical field.

Bio-mathematical analysis for the peristaltic flow of single wall carbon nanotubes under the impact of variable viscosity and wall properties.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to study the Bio-mathematical analysis for the peristaltic flow of single wall carbon nanotubes under the impact of variable viscosity and wall properties. DESIGN/APPROACH: The right and the left walls of the curved channel possess sinusoidal wave that is travelling along the outer boundary. The features of the peristaltic motion are determined by using long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. Exact solutions are determined for the axial velocity and for the temperature profile. FINDINGS: Graphical results have been presented for velocity profile, temperature and stream function for various physical parameters of interest. Symmetry of the curved channel is disturbed for smaller values of the curvature parameter. It is found that the altitude of the velocity profile increases for larger values of variable viscosity parameter for both the cases (pure blood as well as single wall carbon nanotubes). It is detected that velocity profile increases with increasing values of rigidity parameter. It is due to the fact that an increase in rigidity parameter decreases tension in the walls of the blood vessels which speeds up the blood flow for pure blood as well as single wall carbon nanotubes. Increase in Grashof number decreases the fluid velocity. This is due to the reason that viscous forces play a prominent role that's why increase in Grashof number decreases the velocity profile. It is also found that temperature drops for increasing values of nanoparticle volume fraction. Basically, higher thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles plays a key role for quick heat dissipation, and this justifies the use of the single wall carbon nanotubes in different situations as a coolant. CONCLUSIONS: Exact solutions are calculated for the temperature and the velocity profile. Symmetry of the curved channel is destroyed due to the curvedness for velocity, temperature and contour plots. Addition of single wall carbon nanotubes shows a decrease in fluid temperature. Trapping phenomena show that the size of the trapped bolus is smaller for pure blood case as compared to the single wall carbon nanotubes.