Prevalenceinstigating factors and help seeking behavior of physical domestic violence among married women of HyderabadSindh.

UNLABELLED: Background and Objectives : Domestic violence against women is highly prevalent but under reported issue having social, legal, health and economic implications. It needs to be identified and addressed in order to decrease the sufferings of women. Our objective was to find out prevalence, instigating factors and help seeking behavior of physical domestic violence against married women. METHODS: A total of 378 married women who were attending Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liaquat University Hospital from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013 for different obstetrical & gynaecological problems were randomly selected and interviewed. After informed consent, required information was collected on predesigned performa including demographic details, prevalence, instigating factors, help seeking behavior for physical domestic violence. RESULTS: About 31% (120) of women reported lifetime physical domestic violence. Husbands and in-laws were perpetrators in 70% (84) and 30% (36) cases respectively. Wives being disobedient and making arguments were the most common instigating factors for violence followed by husband's drug addiction, extra marital relationship and infertility. It was severe enough to require medical care in 24% (29) cases. Only 2% (2) women sought social and legal aid. CONCLUSION: Domestic violence was quite common among married women, however help seeking was minimal. There is need to identify and address this menace effectively.

Outcome of primigravida with high head at term.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the progress of labour, need of medical and surgical intervention and foetal and maternal outcome in primigravida with high head at term METHODS: The prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, Pakistan, from Jan 1 to June30, 2011, and comprised 100 primigravida with unengaged head at term and at onset of labour. Detailed history was taken in each case and general, systemic and obstetric examination was done. Pelvic assessment and ultrasonography was performed. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULT: Of the 100 women in the study, 70 (70%) were aged between 20-30 years.The most common identified cause of non-engaged head was deflexed head in 28 (28%), while no cause was found in 45(45%) women. Further, 45 (45%) women presented with spontaneous labour, while labour had to be induced with prostaglandin in the rest. Vaginal delivery occurred in 59 (59%) cases and caesarean section was performed in 41 (41%).The duration of labour was < 12 hours in 32 (32%) cases. Postpartum haemorrhage affected 10 (10%) patients, wound infection was seen in 7 (7%), and perineal tear in 2 (2%). Apgar score at 5 minutes was 7-10 in 75 (75%), 4-6 in (20%), 3 and below in 5 (5%) of neonates.

A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The frequency of ectopic pregnancy is increasing throughout the globe and it is the most life threatening emergency in first trimester of pregnancy. Objective of this study was to determine the frequency, risk factors, clinical presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in Gynaecology and Obstetrical Unit-II of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad from 1st May 2009 to 30th April 2012. All women diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. A predesigned pro forma was used to record the details about demographic features, pre-existing risk factors, clinical features at presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy. Data was analysed using SPSS-11. RESULTS: Total numbers of admission during study period were 9600 with 60 cases of ectopic pregnancy, thus representing the frequency of 0.6% (1 in 160). Majority of women 43 (72%) were of 20-30 year age, multigravida 31 (52%) were the most sufferers. Pelvic inflammatory disease 27 (45%), previous abortion 20 (33%), previous surgery 12 (20%) were seen as common risk factors; however no risk factor was identified in 21 (35%) women. Typical history of amenorrhea and abdominal pain was found in 46 (77%) women, 23 (38%) were in a state of shock. Laparotomy was performed in 53 (88%) women. Three (5%) women were treated successfully with methotrexate. Laparoscopic surgery was done in 2 patients and 2 patients were required both Laparoscopy proceeded by laparotomy. No maternal death related to ectopic pregnancy was reported in our study. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is one of the greatest challenges for obstetricians. The importance of early diagnosis lies in the fact that the lady can be offered a conservative line of management which can definitely have beneficial on her reproductive carrier.