The Effect of Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Inflammation Indices in Overweight Adults With Pre-Diabetes.

Background: Flaxseed has rich content of alpha linolenic acid for preventing pro inflammatory process. The aim of present study is exploring the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and body composition in overweight adults with pre-diabetes. Material and methods: this double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 80 overweight pre-diabetic patients in 2 clusters (flaxseed oil group (2000-mg daily) and control group) across a 14-week period. Anthropometric indices, body composition and inflammatory indices were measured between 2 groups before and after the treatment. Result: this study found a significant decrease in visceral fat level in the intervention group (P = .009) and control group (P = .004) at the end of the survey. However, the mean change of it (P = .06) was not significant. Also, this study showed that percentage of body fat (P = .31) and its mean change (P = .6) did not have significantly different between the 2 groups at the 14th week. The skeletal muscle% had a significant rise in the intervention group (P = .005) and control group (P = .003) by the end of 14th week. However, the mean change of it (P = .19) was not significant between the 2 groups. In addition, there was no significant change in the fasting blood glucose (P = . 7), C reactive protein (P = .12) and TNF-α (P = .22) between the 2 groups at the end of study. Conclusion: It showed that flaxseed oil supplementation cannot improve body composition and inflammation.

A plant-based dietary score and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iranian children: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 5 % among children and adolescents worldwide. Plant foods have a protective effect against inflammation and oxidative stress which both are involved in psychiatric disorders pathophysiology including ADHD. Accordingly, we investigated the association between plant-based diet (PDI) and ADHD. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 345children and adolescents 7-13 years old in Yazd, Iran. Subjects were categorized into the case (n = 113) and control groups (n = 232) based on matching age and sex. To diagnose ADHD, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSMIV-TR) was used. Food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. The association of PDI with ADHD was examined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Children in the highest quartile of PDI compared to the lowest quartile had a higher energy and macronutrient intake, calcium, zinc, iron, vitamin B12, B6, and folic acid. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant decreasing trend in the odds of ADHD across increasing quartiles of the PDI (P-trend = 0.001) was observed. In addition, children in the fourth quartile of PDI had 68 % lower odds of ADHD than the first quartile. This association remained significant after further adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.32;95 % CI: 0.13-0.79; P for trend: 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found that PDI is associated with lower risk of ADHD in children. Cohort and clinical studies are necessary to approve our results.

Empirically derived dietary patterns and food groups intake in relation with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent chronic psychiatric condition in children world wide. This study was aimed to provide an overview of food groups and dietary patterns in ADHD children as a systematic review. METHODS: The relation between dietary patterns and this disorder was also investigated through meta-analysis. Databases including Google Scholar, SCOPUS, ISI Web of science, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. Studies on posteriori derived dietary patterns and food intakes of ADHD children were included. The achieved Relative Risks (RR) and Odds Ratio (OR) were pooled together for ADHD to compare the most and the least adherence to major dietary patterns. The heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I-squared methods. RESULTS: This systematic review consisted of 6 dietary patterns and 6 foods or macronutrients studies. In this regard, 6 dietary patterns studies (n: 8816) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis established that "healthy" dietary pattern significantly decreased the risk of ADHD (OR: 0·63; 95% CI: 0·41, 0·96), whereas "Western" (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.26; p:0.016) and "junk food" (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.16; p: 0.024) dietary patterns increased it. CONCLUSIONS: "Healthy" dietary pattern highly loaded with vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish has decreased the odds of ADHD up to 37%. In addition, adherence to "junk food" pattern containing sweetened beverages and desserts as well as "Western" dietary pattern including red meat, refined grains, processed meats, and hydrogenated fat increased it.