ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of mortality in adults with acute hypoxic respiratory failure and can predispose those afflicted to develop acute kidney injury (AKI). In the setting where AKI and ARDS overlap, incidence of mortality, length of intensive care unit stay, and complexity of management increases drastically. Lung protective ventilation strategy and conservative fluid management are the main focus of therapy in patients with ARDS, but have major implications on renal function. This review aims to provide concise discussion of pathophysiology, ventilation, and fluid management strategies as it relates to AKI in the setting of ARDS.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which are tumor suppressor genes. Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, whereas others have no proven impact. BRCA mutations are well known to be associated with breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers along with some nongynecological malignancies involving the peritoneum, prostate, pancreas, skin, stomach, and rectum. However, there are no reported cases to date of an association between carcinoid tumors and a BRCA mutation. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 33-year-old White woman with BRCA2 mutation who presented to her primary care physician for evaluation of abdominal pain. She underwent computed tomography of her abdomen and pelvis, which showed an incidental finding of infrahilar mass along with renal stones. Further workup with bronchoscopy and biopsy of the mass confirmed it to be a carcinoid tumor of the lung. CONCLUSIONS: No literature thus far exists describing a connection between BRCA mutations and carcinoid tumors. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of carcinoid tumors are proven to have impact on survival and prognosis of these patients.
