ABSTRACT
AIM: To characterize the 2013-2014 epidemic season from the results of detection of influenza infection in patients; to provide the molecular genetic characteristics of the strains isolated from deceased patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The investigators examined 1203 patients (387 children, 509 people older than 16 years of age, 307 pregnant women) admitted to Moscow Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital One with the clinical signs of acute respiratory viral diseases. Nasal lavage and autopsy specimens were used to isolate viral strains, then to sequence genomic fragments, and to determine receptor specificity. RESULTS: Out of the 1203 examinees, 284 (23.6%) were influenza-positive: 221 (77.8%), 24 (8.5%), and 39 (13.7%) patients had influenza A(H3N2), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B, respectively. Influenza was notified in 42,7% of the pregnant women. There was a preponderance of its moderate form; its severe form developed in single cases having comorbidities. One fatal outcome was registered. The intake of antiviral medications in the first 48 hours of the disease could prevent complications. The investigators revealed mutations in the strain isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that there are mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that have high pneumotropicity. The high risk of their circulation in the population and the risk of severe influenza forms involving the lower respiratory tract remain. Early antiviral therapy in the first 36-48 hours diminishes the clinical manifestations of influenza and reduces the risk of developing complications.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/pathogenicity , Influenza B virus/pathogenicity , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza B virus/drug effects , Influenza B virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/complications , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Male , Moscow/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Russia/epidemiology , Seasons , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
The preclinical analysis of the effectiveness of AZT and new compounds (sulphatized derivate of chitosan (Sch) and adamantileted Sch, contents 10 and 18% of adamantine) prepared on the basis of chitosan (Ch), carried out with the use of the experimental clinical test system (the in vitro model of peripheral blood mononuclears of a concrete patient) developed in laboratory, is presented. Both combinations in concentration 0.01 mkg/ml are decreased HIV antigens till 6.4 and 8.6% accordingly, while whilst initial Sch hare caused less effect in 4-5 fold.