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Objective To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment on extracranial supra-aortic aneurysms and summarize the experience.Methods The clinical data of 10 patients undergoing surgical treatment of extracranial supra-aortic aneurysms from May 2019 to November 2023 in the Department of Vascular Surgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected.The 10 patients included 5 patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm,2 patients with subclavian artery aneurysm,2 patients with vertebral artery aneurysm,and 1 patient with internal carotid artery aneurysm combined with ipsilateral subclavian artery aneurysm.The surgical indications,surgical regimens,clinical efficacy,and complications were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the 10 patients underwent surgery successfully,with the surgery duration range of 60-420 min and the median surgery duration of 180.0 (121.5,307.5) min.Intraoperative bleeding volume varied within 30-400 mL,with a median of 90 (50,125) mL.The time of carotid artery blocking and vertebral artery blocking varied within the ranges of 10-20 min and 20-30 min,with the medians of 15.0 (11.5,16.3) min and 25.0 (15.0,22.5) min,respectively.No cardiac accident,cerebral infarction,or cerebral hemorrhage occurred during the perioperative period.The 10 patients were followed up for 3-58 months,with the median follow-up time of 8.5 (5.3,17.0) months.One patient with subclavian artery aneurysm developed artificial vessel occlusion 20 months after surgery.One patient with internal carotid artery aneurysm developed distal carotid artery stenosis 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Surgical treatment should be actively adopted for extracranial supra-aortic aneurysms,and individualized surgical regimens should be designed according to patient conditions.
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A fungal laccase-mediator system capable of high effectively oxidizing tetracyclines under a wide pH range will benefit environmental protection. This study reported a directed evolution of a laccase PIE5 to improve its performance on tetracyclines oxidization at alkaline conditions. Two mutants, namely MutA (D229N/A244V) and MutB (N123A/D229N/A244V) were obtained. Although they shared a similar optimum pH and temperature as PIE5, the two mutants displayed approximately 2- and 5-fold higher specific activity toward the mediators ABTS and guaiacol at pHs 4.0 to 6.5, respectively. Simultaneously, their catalytic efficiency increased by 8.0- and 6.4-fold compared to PIE5. At a pH range of 5-8 and 28 °C, MutA or MutB at a final concentration of 2.5 U·mL-1 degraded 77 % and 81 % of 100 mg·L-1 tetracycline within 10 min, higher than PIE5 (45 %). Furthermore, 0.1 U·mL-1 MutA or MutB completely degraded 100 mg·L-1 chlortetracycline within 6 min in the presence of 0.1 mM ABTS. At pH 8.0, MutA degraded tetracycline and chlortetracycline following the routine pathways were reported previously based on LC-MS analysis.
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Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are closely related to the stages of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. Macrophages are plastic and can differentiate into different phenotypes and functions under the influence of different signaling pathways in TME. The classically activated (M1-like) and alternatively activated (M2-like) represent the two polarization states of macrophages. M1 macrophages exhibit anti-tumor functions, while M2 macrophages are considered to support tumor cell survival and metastasis. Macrophage polarization involves complex signaling pathways, and blocking or regulating these signaling pathways to enhance macrophages' anti-tumor effects has become a research hotspot in recent years. At the same time, there have been new discoveries regarding the modulation of TAMs towards an anti-tumor phenotype by synthetic and natural drug components. Nanotechnology can better achieve combination therapy and targeted delivery of drugs, maximizing the efficacy of the drugs while minimizing side effects. Up to now, nanomedicines targeting the delivery of various active substances for reprogramming TAMs have made significant progress. In this review, we primarily provided a comprehensive overview of the signaling crosstalk between TAMs and various cells in the LC microenvironment. Additionally, the latest advancements in novel drugs and nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that target macrophages were also reviewed. Finally, we discussed the prospects of macrophages as therapeutic targets and the barriers to clinical translation.
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Lung Neoplasms , Signal Transduction , Tumor Microenvironment , Tumor-Associated Macrophages , Tumor Microenvironment/immunology , Humans , Tumor-Associated Macrophages/immunology , Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Animals , Macrophage Activation/immunologyABSTRACT
Broadband adjustable sound absorbers are desired for controlling the acoustic conditions within enclosed spaces. Existing studies on acoustic absorbers, either passive or active, aim to maximize the sound absorption coefficients over an extended frequency band. By contrast, this paper introduces a tunable acoustic absorber, whose working frequency band and sound absorption characteristics can be defined by users for different applications. The approach leverages an error signal that can be synthesized using a standing wave separation technique. The error signal encodes different target reflection coefficients, leading to arbitrary absorption coefficients between 0 and 1. Experimental validation is conducted in a one-dimensional standing wave tube, demonstrating that the proposed active absorber achieves near-perfect absorption within the 150-1600 Hz frequency range, boasting an average absorption coefficient of 0.98. Adjustable absorption is demonstrated across three octave bands, aligning closely with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, when coupled with a shaping filter, the absorber exhibits spectrally tunable broadband absorption capabilities, selectively reflecting specific frequency bands while effectively absorbing others. These outcomes underscore the versatile tunability of the proposed active acoustic absorber, which is expected to pave the way for personalized regulating of the indoor acoustic environment.
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Background: Hypoalbuminemia and cognitive impairment (CI) each independently increase the mortality risk in older adults. However, these two geriatric syndromes can occur simultaneously. In community-dwelling older adults, is the combination of hypoalbuminemia and CI linked to a higher mortality risk than either condition alone? Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between plasma albumin, cognitive function, and their synergistic effect on mortality in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2012) included 1,858 participants aged ≥65. Baseline assessments comprised albumin levels and cognitive status. All-cause mortality was confirmed through 2014-2018 surveys. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations, and restricted cubic splines explored albumin-mortality relationship. Results: During a median follow-up of 48.85 months, 921 deaths. Albumin≥35 g/L vs < 35g/L [HR: 1.33 (95%CI, 1.10, 1.62)] and CI vs normal cognition [HR: 1.69 (95%CI, 1.43, 1.99)] independently predicted mortality. A dose-response relationship with mortality was observed for albumin quartiles (p < 0.001). Each SD increase in MMSE or albumin correlated with 22% and 15% lower mortality risk, respectively. Combined hypoproteinemia and CI increased the mortality risk by 155%, with a notably higher risk in males, those aged <85 years, and individuals living in rural areas. Interaction effects of albumin and CI on mortality were observed (p < 0.001). In the single CI group, older adults had a 61% increased risk of mortality in the hypoproteinaemia group compared with the albumin-normal group. Restricted cubic spline revealed a reverse J-shaped association, particularly for participants without CI. For individuals with CI, albumin levels were inversely associated with mortality risk. Conclusion: Hypoproteinemia and CI, individually and combined, increased all-cause mortality risk in Chinese older adults, with stronger effects observed in males, younger older adults, and those living in rural areas. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted adjustments and early nutrition programs in health prevention and clinical care for older adults.
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Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent type. Over 70% of lung cancer patients require radiotherapy (RT), which operates through direct and indirect mechanisms to treat cancer. However, RT can damage healthy tissues and encounter radiological resistance, making it crucial to enhance its precision to optimize treatment outcomes, minimize side effects, and overcome radioresistance. Integrating nanotechnology into RT presents a promising method to increase its efficacy. This review explores various nano-assisted RT strategies aimed at achieving precision treatment. These include using nanomaterials as radiosensitizers, applying nanotechnology to modify the tumor microenvironment, and employing nano-based radioprotectors and radiation-treated cell products for indirect cancer RT. We also explore recent advancements in nano-assisted RT for NSCLC, such as biomimetic targeting that alters mesenchymal stromal cells, magnetic targeting strategies, and nanosensitization with high-atomic number nanomaterials. Finally, we address the existing challenges and future directions of precision RT using nanotechnology, highlighting its potential clinical applications.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Exosome-based therapies are gaining increasing attention, with growing evidence suggesting a link between alterations in mesentery adipose tissue (MAT) and intestinal disease in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the specific mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-Exos may alleviate colitis through targeting MAT remains not fully understood. METHODS: Human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSCs) were cultured to isolate the corresponding exosomes (HucMSCs-Exos), which were confirmed by their morphology, size distribution, and expression of markers. In vivo, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) -induced mouse colitis models were used to detect the therapeutic effects of HucMSCs-Exos. ELISA, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence determined the expression of key molecules. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between miR-21-5p and SPRY2. RESULTS: Exosomes treatment through mesenteric injection demonstrated therapeutic effects on mesenteric inflammation and colitis. These therapeutic benefits were contingent on macrophages, significantly facilitating the M2 polarization of mesenteric macrophages. The expression data from GSE159814 and GSE211008 revealed that exosomal miR-21-5p was enriched in HucMSCs-Exos and could be delivered to macrophages. Additionally, the results indicated that miR-21-5p could directly target the 3'UTR of SPRY2 and activate the phosphorylation of ERK to modify macrophage phenotypes. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21-5p derived from HucMSCs could promote macrophage M2 polarization via the SPRY2/ERK axis. CONCLUSION: Mesenteric injection of HucMSCs-Exos significantly alleviates mesenteric inflammation and colitis by promoting mesenteric macrophage M2 polarization, making it a promising approach to treat colitis and suggesting therapeutic potential role of exosomal miR-21-5p in CD.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to validate self-reported medical conditions in the Taiwan Biobank (TWBB), in which participants were inquired about 30 disease conditions, by comparing them with claims records from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database. METHODS: We identified 30 clinical diagnoses using ICD-CM codes from ambulatory and hospital claims within the NHI claims database, matching diseases included in the TWBB. The concordance between self-reports and claims records was evaluated using tetrachoric correlation to assess the correlation between binary variables. RESULTS: A total of 131,834 participants aged 30-70 years with data from the TWBB and NHI records were included. Concordance analysis revealed tetrachoric correlations ranged from 0.420 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) to 0.970 (multiple sclerosis). However, several disorders exhibited lower tetrachoric correlations. The concordance was higher among those with higher education attainment, and lower among married individuals. CONCLUSION: The concordance between self-reports in the TWBB and NHI claims records varied across clinical diagnoses, showing inconsistencies depending on participant characteristics. These findings underscore the need for further investigation, especially when these variables are crucial to research objectives. Integrating complementary databases such as clinical diagnoses, prescription records, and medical procedures can enhance accuracy through customized algorithms based on disease categories and participant characteristics and optimize sensitivity or positive predictive values to align with specific research objectives.
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This article compared the effects of hot air drying (HAD), infrared drying (IRD), and cold plasma (CP) as a pretreatment on the structure, quality, and digestive characteristics of starch extracted from yam. As the most commonly used drying method, HAD was used as a control. SEM and CLSM images showed that all treatments preserve the integrity of the yam starch. CP caused some cracks and breaks in the starch granules. IRD did not destroy the crystal structure of starch molecules, but made the spiral structure tighter and increased short-range orderliness. However, CP led to the depolymerization and dispersion of starch molecular chains, resulting in a decrease in average molecular weight and relative crystallinity. These molecular conformation changes caused by different processes led to differences in solubility, swelling power, pasting parameters, digestion characteristics, and functional characteristics. This study provided an important basis for the reasonable drying preparation and utilization of yam starch.
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Desiccation , Dioscorea , Plasma Gases , Solubility , Starch , Starch/chemistry , Dioscorea/chemistry , Plasma Gases/chemistry , Desiccation/methods , Molecular WeightABSTRACT
Public participation is crucial to improving the performance of water governance systems, especially in a governance model dominated by a top-down hierarchical structure. Public concerns, as a vital form of public participation, have been acknowledged as an essential component in contributing to water governance. However, few studies explore the varying effects of diverse public concerns in leading to different water governance outcomes. This study addresses this gap by exploring the direct and indirect effects of water-related public concerns on water pollution control and governments' pollution mitigating actions, using citizens' water-related posts crawled from China's social media. Results show that public water-related concerns contribute to water governance both through its direct effects on reducing water pollution and indirect effects by promoting policy actions. Specifically, the concerns related to water pollution hazards, water pollution monitoring, prevention products, and water pollution control measures have more positive impacts on water pollution reduction compared to other types of concern. Meanwhile, public concerns demonstrate stronger effects in triggering economic-related and infrastructure-related water pollution mitigation actions. This study provides nuanced insights to understand the role of public participation in improving water governance, the findings of which are insightful to enhance accountability of water governance systems through a bottom-up approach.
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OBJECTIVES: Synchronous colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to create a radiomics-boosted deep learning model by PET/CT image for risk assessment of synchronous CRPM. METHODS: A total of 220 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases were enrolled in this study. We mapped the feature maps (Radiomic feature maps (RFMs)) of radiomic features across CT and PET image patches by a 2D sliding kernel. Based on ResNet50, a radiomics-boosted deep learning model was trained using PET/CT image patches and RFMs. Besides that, we explored whether the peritumoral region contributes to the assessment of CRPM. In this study, the performance of each model was evaluated by the area under the curves (AUC). RESULTS: The AUCs of the radiomics-boosted deep learning model in the training, internal, external, and all validation datasets were 0.926 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.874-0.978), 0.897 (95% CI: 0.801-0.994), 0.885 (95% CI: 0.795-0.975), and 0.889 (95% CI: 0.823-0.954), respectively. This model exhibited consistency in the calibration curve, the Delong test and IDI identified it as the most predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: The radiomics-boosted deep learning model showed superior estimated performance in preoperative prediction of synchronous CRPM from pre-treatment PET/CT, offering potential assistance in the development of more personalized treatment methods and follow-up plans. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The onset of synchronous colorectal CRPM is insidious, and using a radiomics-boosted deep learning model to assess the risk of CRPM before treatment can help make personalized clinical treatment decisions or choose more sensitive follow-up plans. KEY POINTS: Prognosis for patients with CRPM is bleak, and early detection poses challenges. The synergy between radiomics and deep learning proves advantageous in evaluating CRPM. The radiomics-boosted deep-learning model proves valuable in tailoring treatment approaches for CRC patients.
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BACKGROUND: Environment and genes both contribute to schizophrenia. However, the impact of different natural environments surrounding residential addresses on schizophrenia in urban settings remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of urbanisation, measured by residential environments, with late-onset schizophrenia and explore whether genetic risk for schizophrenia modified the associations. METHODS: We examined the associations between residential environments and late-onset schizophrenia and its interaction with genetic risk factors in UK Biobank, followed from 2006 to 2010 (baseline) to Dec 2021. Residential environments, including greenspace, domestic garden, blue space, and total natural environment, were evaluated using land use coverage percentage. The polygenic risk score (PRS) of schizophrenia was derived using a Bayesian approach and adjusted it against ancestry. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the associations between per interquartile (IQR) increase of each type of residential environments and late-onset schizophrenia. Interactive effects of PRS and residential environments on late-onset schizophrenia were assessed on both additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS: A total of 393,680 participants were included in the analysis, with 844 cases of late-onset schizophrenia being observed after 12.8 years of follow-up. Within 300 m buffer surrounding the residential addresses, per interquartile increase in greenspace (31.5 %) and total natural environment (34.4 %) were both associated with an 11 % (HR = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.80, 0.99) lower risk of late-onset schizophrenia. Domestic garden and blue space did not show significant protective effects on late-onset schizophrenia. A strong dose-response relationship between schizophrenia PRS and schizophrenia was found, while no additive or multiplicative interaction effects were present between residential environments and PRS on late-onset schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: Residential greenspace and total natural environment may protect against late-onset schizophrenia in older people regardless of genetic risk. These findings shed light on the prevention of schizophrenia and urban planning to optimise ecosystem benefits linked to schizophrenia.
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Gene-Environment Interaction , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Schizophrenia , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age of Onset , Multifactorial Inheritance , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/genetics , UK Biobank/statistics & numerical data , United Kingdom/epidemiology , UrbanizationABSTRACT
Increasingly frequent urban floods strain the traditional grey infrastructure, overwhelming the capacity of drainage networks and causing challenges in managing stormwater. The heavy precipitation leads to flooding and damage to drainage systems. Consequently, efficient mitigation strategies for flooding have been researched deeply. Green infrastructure (GI) has proved to be effective in responding the increasing risk of flood and alleviate pressure on drainage systems. However, as the primary infrastructure of stormwater management, there is still a lack of attention to the dynamic operation feature of urban sewer systems during precipitation events. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel approach that integrates hydraulic characteristics and the topological structure of a sewer network system. This approach aims to identify influential nodes, which contribute to the connectivity of the sewer network amidst dynamic changes in inflow during precipitation events. Furthermore, we adopted rain barrels to serve as exemplars of GI, and 14 GI layout schemes are produced based on the different ranks of influential nodes. Implementing GI measures on both poorly performing and well-performing nodes can yield distinct benefits in mitigating node flooding. This approach provides a new perspective for stormwater management, establishing effective synergy between GI and the drainage system.
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Drainage, Sanitary , Floods , RainABSTRACT
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in cellular RNA which orchestrates diverse physiological and pathological processes during stress response. However, the differential m6A modifications that cope with herbivore stress in resistant and susceptible crop varieties remain unclear. Here, we found that rice stem borer (RSB) larvae grew better on indica rice (e.g., MH63, IR64, Nanjing 11) than on japonica rice varieties (e.g., Nipponbare, Zhonghua 11, Xiushui 11). Then, transcriptome-wide m6A profiling of representative resistant (Nipponbare) and susceptible (MH63) rice varieties were performed using a nanopore direct RNA sequencing approach, to reveal variety-specific m6A modifications against RSB. Upon RSB infestation, m6A methylation occurred in actively expressed genes in Nipponbare and MH63, but the number of methylation sites decreased across rice chromosomes. Integrative analysis showed that m6A methylation levels were closely associated with transcriptional regulation. Genes involved in herbivorous resistance related to mitogen-activated protein kinase, jasmonic acid (JA), and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, as well as JA-mediated trypsin protease inhibitors, were heavily methylated by m6A, and their expression was more pronounced in RSB-infested Nipponbare than in RSB-infested MH63, which may have contributed to RSB resistance in Nipponbare. Therefore, dynamics of m6A modifications act as the main regulatory strategy for expression of genes involved in plant-insect interactions, which is attributed to differential responses of resistant and susceptible rice varieties to RSB infestation. These findings could contribute to developing molecular breeding strategies for controlling herbivorous pests.
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Addressing collective issues in social development requires a high level of social cohesion, characterized by cooperation and close social connections. However, social cohesion is challenged by selfish, greedy individuals. With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), the dynamics of human-machine hybrid interactions introduce new complexities in fostering social cohesion. This study explores the impact of simple bots on social cohesion from the perspective of human-machine hybrid populations within network. By investigating collective self-organizing movement during migration, results indicate that cooperative bots can promote cooperation, facilitate individual aggregation, and thereby enhance social cohesion. The random exploration movement of bots can break the frozen state of greedy population, help to separate defectors in cooperative clusters, and promote the establishment of cooperative clusters. However, the presence of defective bots can weaken social cohesion, underscoring the importance of carefully designing bot behavior. Our research reveals the potential of bots in guiding social self-organization and provides insights for enhancing social cohesion in the era of human-machine interaction within social networks.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of baseline MRI Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score with biopsy reclassification in a multicenter active surveillance (AS) cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified men in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry (46 hospital-based/academic/private practice urology groups) with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) low-risk and favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent MRI within 6 months before or after initial biopsy and enrolled in AS from June 2016 to January 2021. The primary objective was to determine the association of baseline MRI PI-RADS score (≥4 lesion) with reclassification to high-grade prostate cancer (≥grade group 3) on surveillance biopsy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed and adjusted for pathologic, MRI, and clinical/biopsy factors, with landmark time of 6 months from diagnostic biopsy. We included an interaction term between PI-RADS score and NCCN group in the Cox model. RESULTS: A total of 1491 men were included with median age 64 years (IQR: 59-69) with median follow-up 11.0 months (IQR: 6.0-23.0) after landmark. Baseline PI-RADS ≥ 4 lesion was associated with an increased hazard of biopsy reclassification (HR: 2.3 [95% CI: 1.6-3.2], P < .001), along with grade group 2 vs 1 (HR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.7-3.7], P < .001), and increasing age (per 10 years; HR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.4-2.4], P < .001). The interaction between NCCN risk group with MRI findings was not significant (P = .7). CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cohort study of real-world data, baseline MRI PI-RADS score was significantly associated with early biopsy reclassification in men undergoing AS with NCCN low- or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
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Background: Theoretically, stress is positively correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, evidence for a correlation between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a cancer-specific stressor, and PTG is mixed. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the overall effect size between the two and to explore moderators that may influence this relationship. Methods: From the earliest available date to October 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated using Stata software. Publication type, continent, trauma role, gender, FCR measurements, PTG measurements, sample size, age, and time since diagnosis were used to examine moderating effects. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) assessment tool was used to evaluate study quality. Results: A total of 14 studies, involving 17 samples and 3,701 participants, were included. The studies found a small association between FCR and PTG (r = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.070-0.249, p < 0.01) and large heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%). The strength of the association varied according to the publication type and FCR measurement. Conclusion: The current review suggests a small but significant positive correlation between FCR and PTG. Future studies would benefit from exploring additional moderators and the use of standardized, validated FCR measurement tools. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023460407.
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The capillary wave model of a liquid surface predicts both the X-ray specular reflection and the diffuse scattering around it. A quantitative method is presented to obtain the X-ray reflectivity (XRR) from a liquid surface through the diffuse scattering data around the specular reflection measured using a grazing incidence X-ray off-specular scattering (GIXOS) geometry at a fixed horizontal offset angle with respect to the plane of incidence. With this approach the entire Qz -dependent reflectivity profile can be obtained at a single, fixed incident angle. This permits a much faster acquisition of the profile than with conventional reflectometry, where the incident angle must be scanned point by point to obtain a Qz -dependent profile. The XRR derived from the GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering, referred to in this paper as pseudo-reflectivity, provides a larger Qz range compared with the reflectivity measured by conventional reflectometry. Transforming the GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering profile to pseudo-XRR opens up the GIXOS method to widely available specular XRR analysis software tools. Here the GIXOS-derived pseudo-XRR is compared with the XRR measured by specular reflectometry from two simple vapor-liquid interfaces at different surface tension, and from a hexadecyltri-methyl-ammonium bromide monolayer on a water surface. For the simple liquids, excellent agreement (beyond 11 orders of magnitude in signal) is found between the two methods, supporting the approach of using GIXOS-measured diffuse scattering to derive reflectivities. Pseudo-XRR obtained at different horizontal offset angles with respect to the plane of incidence yields indistinguishable results, and this supports the robustness of the GIXOS-XRR approach. The pseudo-XRR method can be extended to soft thin films on a liquid surface, and criteria are established for the applicability of the approach.
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Objectives: To synthesize qualitative evidence on the experience of lay responders performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed using the Thomas and Harden method. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, and WanFang databases were systematically searched. The quality of the research was assessed by the Critical Assessment Skills Program Tool (CASP). Results: A total of 5,610 studies were identified, and 9 studies were included in the analysis. Four analytical themes were generated: emotional ambivalence before CPR, psychological tolerance during CPR, perceived experience after CPR, and enhancing psychological resilience. Conclusion: Lay responders face complicated psychological experience during CPR, which may be susceptible to psychological effects such as "loss aversion," "bystander effects" and "knowledge curse." In addition to the timely retraining of CPR, lay responders should be instructed to manage psychological distress and improve psychological resilience. More importantly, the psychological sequelae may be long-lasting, requiring ongoing psychological intervention and follow-up based on valuing transdisciplinarity across endeavours.
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BACKGROUND: Ablative fractional CO2 laser is widely used to address various skin problems, but the treatment often leads to adverse effects such as erythema, dyspigmentation, and extended recovery periods, negatively impacting patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical skincare regimen containing both CE Ferulic serum and Resveratrol BE night serum following fractional CO2 laser treatment in Chinese population. METHODS: In this randomized, investigator-blinded, split-face, controlled trial, individuals aged 18-65 undergoing ablative CO2 laser treatment were randomly assigned to apply CE Ferulic plus resveratrol BE serum (CEF-RBE) to either side of face and normal saline (NS) to the other, for 14 consecutive days. The primary endpoint was erythema index (EI) on day 14, with key secondary endpoints including scabbing detachment time, percentage changes in EI and melanin index (MI), skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin sebum content, oedema, and overall subject satisfaction. RESULTS: The study included 51 patients, of whom 29 (56.9%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 29.8 (5.39) years. On day 14, the CEF-RBE side exhibited significantly lower EI than the NS side (308.9 vs. 325.3, p = 0.034). The median (IQR) time (days) for complete scabbing detachment at the CEF-RBE side was 6.0 (5.0-8.0) compared to 6.5 (5.0-9.0) at NS side (p = 0.018). Additionally, the CEF-RBE side showed a 7.4% decrease in MI from baseline to day 14, while the NS side experienced a 0.2% increase (Δ = -7.6%, p = 0.044). Throughout the 14-day follow-up, the CEF-RBE side consistently displayed higher skin hydration than the NS side. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted the benefits of incorporating CEF-RBE following laser treatment in reducing erythema and hyperpigmentation, promoting wound healing, and maintaining skin hydration, although limitations such as contamination and adherence issues should be considered.