ABSTRACT
The majority of the naturally occurring antioxidants are obtained from plant sources. The antioxidant activity is mostly exhibited by polyphenols present in the plant cells. Azadirachta Indica (Neem) leaves are renowned for their medicinal applications due to their anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties. This work aims to optimize the extraction of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) leaf antioxidants using three-phase partitioning (TPP). The optimized conditions are operating time 15 minutes, slurry ratio 1:30 (g/mL), salt concentration 30% (w/v), aqueous to solvent ratio 1:1.5 (v/v), and stirring speed 400 rpm that infer 74.66% extraction yield. Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatment was also employed to increase the extraction yield up to 86.61%. Sonication pretreatment for 4 min operated at 30 W power, and 75% duty cycle was observed to offer maximum antioxidant extraction about 3.3 mg/g.
Subject(s)
Azadirachta , Antioxidants , Plant Extracts , Plant Leaves , PolyphenolsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Operative management of ever increasing ankle fractures in the elderly need a reliable system of internal fixation. We present results of one such fixation, Fibula Rod System. METHODS: Patients who underwent Fibula Rod System were included. Fracture union rate, complications, time to weight bearing and patient satisfaction using FAAM score were studied. RESULTS: The mean age of the fifteen patients included was 74 years. Satisfactory reduction was achieved and maintained in all. All fractures united. There were no infections. Complications included lack of purchase of distal AP screw (n=1), fracture of fibula shaft (n=1), failure to insert syndesmotic screws through zig (n=2), delayed secondary wound healing (n=1) and removal of metal ware (n=2). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (n=10 responses), median FAAM score was 91% (Interquartile range of 62%-99%). CONCLUSION: Fibula Rod System providing good stability and union, is a reliable operation for ankle fractures in the elderly.
Subject(s)
Ankle Fractures/surgery , Ankle Joint/surgery , Bone Nails , Bone Screws , Fibula/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ankle Fractures/diagnosis , Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fibula/diagnostic imaging , Fracture Healing , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Tarsal Bones , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to put forth the optimization and kinetics of total phenolic compounds extraction from Azadirachta indica leaves in a stirred batch extraction. Various experiential extraction parameters have been studied for maximum extraction of the total phenolic compounds. The maximum yield of total phenolic compounds was found to be 10.80 mg g-1 of dried neem powder under the optimized conditions. The extraction kinetics behavior followed first-order kinetics with diffusion coefficient ranged from 1.8 × 10-12 to 3.2 × 10-12 m2 s-1 for all sets. Activation energy (Ea) value for the extraction of the total phenolic compounds was found to be 22.87 kJ mol-1. The kinetic expression model developed by Spiro and Siddique showed a good agreement with the experimental outcomes. The obtained results can be used to scale up the operations for industrial purposes.
Subject(s)
Azadirachta/chemistry , Phenols/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Chemical Fractionation/methods , Kinetics , Solvents , ThermodynamicsABSTRACT
A prospective, randomised controlled trial compared the effects of two medications intended to reduce blood loss from total knee arthroplasty. Patients were randomised to one of the following three treatment groups: 10mg/kg tranexamic acid at given at induction of anaesthesia, 10 ml of fibrin spray administered topically during surgery, or to a control group receiving neither treatment. Sixty six patients underwent elective cemented total knee arthroplasty; computer navigation was used in all cases. There was no significant difference in blood loss between the tranexamic acid and fibrin spray groups (p=0.181). There was no significant difference in blood loss between the tranexamic acid and fibrin spray groups(p=0.181). The fibrin spray led to a significant reduction in blood loss compared to control (p=0.007). The effect of tranexamic acid did not reach significance (p=0.173). We conclude that fibrin spray was effective in reducing blood loss but that with a study of this power, we were unable to detect an effect of tranexamic acid in cemented navigated total knee replacement at the dose used.
Subject(s)
Antifibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Fibrin/administration & dosage , Fibrinogen/administration & dosage , Fibronectins/administration & dosage , Thrombin/administration & dosage , Tranexamic Acid/administration & dosage , Humans , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that either fibrin spray or tranexamic acid can reduce blood loss at total hip replacement, but the 2 treatments have not been directly compared. We therefore conducted a randomized, controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial we compared the effect of tranexamic acid and fibrin spray on blood loss in cemented total hip arthroplasty. 66 patients were randomized to 1 of 3 parallel groups receiving (1) a 10 mg/kg bolus of tranexamic acid prior to surgery, (2) 10 mL of fibrin spray during surgery, or (3) neither. All participants except the surgeon were blinded as to treatment group until data analysis was complete. Blood loss was calculated from preoperative and postoperative hematocrit. RESULTS: Neither active treatment was found to be superior to the other in terms of overall blood loss. Losses were lower than those in the control group, when using either tranexamic acid (22% lower, p = 0.02) or fibrin spray (32% lower, p = 0.02). INTERPRETATION: We found that the use of tranexamic acid at induction, or topical fibrin spray intraoperatively, reduced blood loss compared to the control group. Blood loss was similar in the fibrin spray group and in the tranexamic acid group. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00378872. EudraCT identifier: 2006-001299-19. Regional Ethics Committee approval: 06/S0703/55, granted June 6, 2006.
Subject(s)
Antifibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Blood Loss, Surgical , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/administration & dosage , Hemostatics/administration & dosage , Tranexamic Acid/administration & dosage , Administration, Topical , Adult , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Female , Hematocrit , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Three children presenting with pain in the arm and variable neurological signs are described. Each child had several hospital visits before being accurately diagnosed with a soft-tissue sarcoma in the axillary fossa. All presented with increasing pain at rest or on shoulder movement, and with some evidence of neurological dysfunction in the upper limb. Two of the girls had unremitting night pain. Delays in diagnosis of sarcomas are common despite internationally agreed referral guidelines, which are readily accessible. In children with unusual upper limb neurological symptoms, it is essential to have a high index of suspicion, and examine the arm including the axilla, thoroughly, and refer them early for a specialist opinion.
Subject(s)
Axilla , Sarcoma/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Range of Motion, Articular , Sarcoma/pathology , Sarcoma/surgery , Shoulder Joint/physiopathology , Shoulder Joint/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonically driven tools have been used to reduce the incidence of complications during cement removal at revision hip replacement operations. These have been shown to be safe and effective in various ways, but produce fumes. METHODS: Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, we analyzed the fumes produced during the use of these ultrasonic tools for the removal of bone cement, both in the laboratory and during actual surgery. RESULTS: Benzene, styrene, methylmethacrylate, xylene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol and dichlorobenzene were some of the substances isolated from the fumes in the laboratory. Styrene and methylmethacrylate were the main components. Concentrations of all the above components taken from the breathing zone of the operating staff during actual surgery were well below the safety limits. INTERPRETATION: The use of ultrasonic tools for cement removal appears to be safe.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Bone Cements/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Hip Prosthesis , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Environmental Monitoring , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation , Humans , Operating Rooms , Prosthesis Failure , Reoperation , UltrasonicsABSTRACT
It is not known whether the effect of Foot Pumps (Novamedix, Andover, UK) is enhanced by simultaneous use of graduated compression stockings (by controlling calf compliance) or hindered (by restricting preload). To address this question, we studied 20 healthy volunteers with duplex ultrasound. The peak velocity in the popliteal vein was measured at rest with the legs flat, foot-up, and foot-down, then it was measured when the AV Impulse Foot Pump was activated. These measurements each were performed with and without graduated compression stockings. In each leg position, the use of simultaneous graduated compression stockings reduced the peak velocity. On physiologic grounds, graduated stockings should not be used simultaneously with Foot Pumps.