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Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) present in wastewater can pose a negative impact to aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Herein, this study found that MPs and NPs (20 mg/L) deteriorated the sludge settleability and granule integrity, resulting in a 15.7 % and 21.9 % decrease in the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the AGS system, respectively. This was possibly due to the reduction of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. The subsequent analysis revealed that tyrosine, tryptophan, and humic acid-like substances in EPS exhibited a higher propensity for chemisorption and inhomogeneous multilayer adsorption onto NPs compared to MPs. The binding of EPS onto the surface of plastic particles increased the electronegativity of the MPs, but facilitated the aggregation of NPs through reducing the electrostatic repulsion, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of MPs/NPs on the AGS stability. Additionally, comprehensive analysis of the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory indicated that the suppressed aggregation of microorganisms was the internal mechanisms contributing to the inadequate stability of AGS induced by MPs/NPs. This study provides novel insights into the detrimental mechanisms of MPs/NPs on the AGS stability, highlighting the key role of EPS in maintaining the structural stability of AGS when exposed to MPs/NPs.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the features and underlying principles of acupuncture points used in the treatment of headaches associated with blood stasis syndrome. Methods: Literature on the treatment of blood stasis headache with acupuncture and moxibustion was searched across three Chinese databases and one English database from January 1st, 2000, to January 1st, 2024. Relevant data including titles, journals, authors, keywords, interventions, main acupoints, and outcomes were extracted for further analysis. Results: A total of 112 papers with 102 complete prescriptions were analyzed. Of the 77 acupoints examined, 72 were meridian points, and 5 were extraordinary points, used 699 times in total. The top ten acupoints by frequency were Fengchi (GB20), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Baihui (GV20), Hegu (LI4), Shuaigu (GB8), Taichong (LR3), Xuehai (SP10), Touwei (ST8), Geshu (BL17), and Waiguan (TE5). Yang meridian points were used more frequently than Yin meridian points (82.8% vs 17.2%), with the Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang being the most common. Nearly half of the acupoints (49.9%) were on the head and neck, and 23.1% on the lower limbs. Specific acupoints accounted for 53.5% of the total frequency. Fengchi (GB20) and Taiyang (EX-HN5) showed the highest correlation. Association rule mining highlighted combinations like Fengchi (GB20) with Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Baihui (GV20). Cluster analysis yielded five clusters. Conclusion: The study provides insights into selecting effective acupoints and combinations for clinical acupuncture practice and experimental studies in treating blood stasis headaches. Acupoints like Fengchi (GB20), Taiyang (EX-HN5), and Baihui (GV20) may be effective for clinical treatment, but further studies are needed to validate their efficacy.
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Background: Diet quality significantly influences aging processes and age-related health outcomes. This study aims to explore the association between dietary quality and accelerated aging in two large cohorts. Methods: This study collected data from the Kailuan and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts; participants' dietary quality was evaluated using the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary score and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), respectively. Accelerated aging in participants was determined by calculating the difference between phenotypic age and chronological age. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association between dietary quality scores and accelerated aging. Additionally, variations in this association across different subgroups were investigated. To minimize the influence of excessive aging, individuals aged 75 and above were excluded in sensitivity analyses. Results: In this study, we included 33 701 participants (27.3% female, mean age 57.29 ± 11.88) from the Kailuan study and 9285 participants (50.6% female, mean age 49.83 ± 17.62) from NHANES. In the Kailuan cohort, individuals with dietary scores ranging from 3 to 5 exhibited a 22% lower risk of accelerated aging compared to those scoring between 0 and 2 (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.72-0.85). Similarly, in the NHANES cohort, participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 experienced a 34% reduction in the risk of accelerated aging compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.52-0.84). Subgroup analyses underscored a more pronounced association between dietary quality and accelerated aging among males and individuals with unhealthy lifestyles. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association between dietary quality and accelerated aging. Conclusion: In summary, our study found a significant association between dietary quality and accelerated aging. Better dietary quality was associated with a reduced risk of accelerated aging, particularly among males, smokers, and participants with unhealthy lifestyles.
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Aging , Diet , Nutrition Surveys , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Aged , Cohort Studies , Adult , Diet, Healthy , ChinaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Reduced muscle mass is a criterion for diagnosing malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria; however, the choice of muscle-mass indicators within the GLIM criteria remains contentious. This study aimed to establish muscle-measurement-based GLIM criteria using data from bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric evaluations and evaluate their ability to predict overall survival (OS), short-term outcomes, and healthcare burden in patients with cancer. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective study that commenced in 2013 and enrolled participants from various clinical centers across China. We constructed GLIM criteria based on various muscle measurements, including fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), calf circumference (CC), midarm circumference (MAC), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), and midarm muscle area (MAMA). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the independent association between the GLIM criteria and OS. The discriminatory performance of different muscle-measurement-based GLIM criteria for mortality was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C-index). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of the GLIM criteria with short-term outcomes and healthcare burden. RESULTS: A total of 4769 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 1659 (34.8%) died during the study period. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that all muscle-measurement-based GLIM criteria significantly predicted survival in patients with cancer (all p < 0.001). The survival rate of malnourished patients was approximately 10% lower than that of non-malnourished patients. Cox proportional hazards regression showed that all the muscle-measurement-based GLIM could independently predict the OS of patients (all p < 0.001). The prognostic discrimination was as follows: MAMC (Chi-square: 79.61) > MAMA (Chi-square: 79.10) > MAC (Chi-square: 64.09) > FFMI (Chi-square: 62.33) > CC (Chi-square: 58.62) > ASMI (Chi-square: 57.29). In comparison to the FFMI-based GLIM criteria, the ASMI-based criteria (-0.002, 95% CI: -0.006 to 0.002, p = 0.334) and CC-based criteria (-0.003, 95% CI: -0.007 to 0.002, p = 0.227) did not exhibit a significant advantage. However, the MAC-based criteria (0.001, 95% CI: -0.003 to 0.004, p = 0.776), MAMA-based criteria (0.004, 95% CI: 0.000-0.007, p = 0.035), and MAMC-based criteria (0.005, 95% CI: 0.000-0.007, p = 0.030) outperformed the FFMI-based GLIM criteria. Logistic regression showed that muscle measurement-based GLIM criteria predicted short-term outcomes and length of hospital stay in patients with cancer. CONCLUSION: All muscle measurement-based GLIM criteria can effectively predict OS, short-term outcomes, and healthcare burden in patients with cancer. Anthropometric measurement-based GLIM criteria have potential for clinical application as an alternative to BIA-based measurement.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Electric Impedance , Malnutrition , Muscle, Skeletal , Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Female , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/mortality , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prognosis , Anthropometry/methods , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Aged , China/epidemiology , Body Composition , Nutrition Assessment , Adult , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
Importance: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) have recently proposed a consensus definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity (SO). Objective: To implement the ESPEN-EASO diagnostic algorithm to investigate the prevalence of SO and its association with outcomes in patients with solid tumor cancers, with particular regard to associations among SO, overall survival (OS), and patient quality of life (QoL). Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with solid tumor starting in May 7, 2013, with the last follow-up on June 30, 2022. Patients with solid tumors were categorized into SO and non-SO groups according to ESPEN-EASO criteria. The primary outcome was OS and the secondary outcomes included patient QoL and risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023. Results: A total of 6790 patients were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 59.64 [10.77] years; 3489 were female [51.4%]). The prevalence of SO was 4.36% (296 of 6790) in the whole cohort and 14.98% (296 of 1976) in the subgroup with obesity. SO prevalence increased with age. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 6.83 (5.67-7.04) years, 2103 patients died. Cox regression analysis indicated that SO was independently associated with lower OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.23-1.92), which was observed in both men (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09-2.10) and women (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.07). SO was also associated with poorer QoL and higher risk of ICU admission (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.06-5.29). Among the diagnostic components of SO, low hand grip strength (HGS) was the only SO component associated with poor OS (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28). Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study of SO found that SO was significantly associated with lower OS, poorer QoL, and higher risk of ICU admission. Weak HGS, 1 of the diagnostic conditions, was the only component of SO associated with OS. The ESPEN-EASO algorithm appears to be an applicable tool to identify cancer-associated SO, which represents a major clinical complication and factor associated with risk for poor outcomes in these patients.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Obesity , Quality of Life , Sarcopenia , Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/complications , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Iridocyclitis and the use of glucocorticoid medication have been widely studied as susceptibility factors for cataracts. However, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the development of iridocyclitis and the genetic liability of glucocorticoid medication use on the risk of senile cataracts occurrence by performing Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Instrumental variables (IVs) significantly associated with exposure factors (P < 5 × 10-8) were identified using published genome-wide association data from the FinnGen database and UK Biobank. Reliability analyses were conducted using five approaches, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, simple median, weighted median, and weighted mode. A sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method was also performed. Genetic susceptibility to glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased risk of developing senile cataracts (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P < 0.05). Moreover, iridocyclitis was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing senile cataracts (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; P < 0.05). Nonetheless, some heterogeneity in the IVs was observed, but the MR results remained consistent after penalizing for outliers. The estimates were consistent in multivariate analyses by adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). This study provides new insights into the prevention and management of senile cataracts by highlighting the increased risk associated with iridocyclitis and the use of glucocorticoids.
Subject(s)
Cataract , Glucocorticoids , Iridocyclitis , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Humans , Cataract/genetics , Cataract/epidemiology , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Iridocyclitis/genetics , Iridocyclitis/epidemiology , Genome-Wide Association Study , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Risk Factors , AgedABSTRACT
Introduction: Malnutrition is prevalent among individuals with gastric cancer and notably decreases their quality of life (QOL). However, the factors impacting QOL are yet to be clearly defined. This study aimed to identify essential factors impacting QOL in malnourished patients suffering from gastric cancer. Methods: By using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) to assess the nutritional status (≥4 defined malnutrition) of hospitalized cancer patients, 4,586 gastric cancer patients were ultimately defined as malnourished. Spearman method was used to calculate the relationship between clinical features and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Then, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to observe which factors affected QOL, and subgroup analysis was performed in young and old population respectively. In addition, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to explore whether and how self-reported frequent symptoms in the last 2 weeks of the PG-SGA score affected QOL. Results: In multivariate logistic regression analysis of clinical features of patients with malnourished gastric cancer, women, stage II, stage IV, WL had an independent correlation with a low global QOL scores. However, BMI, secondary education, higher education, surgery, chemotherapy, HGS had an independent correlation with a high global QOL scores. In multivariate logistic regression analysis of symptoms in self-reported PG-SGA scores in patients with malnourished gastric cancer, having no problem eating had an independent correlation with a high global QOL scores. However, they have no appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation and pain had an independent correlation with a lower global QOL scores. The p values of the above statistical results are both < 0.05. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that QOL in malnourished patients with gastric cancer is determined by female sex, stage II, stage IV, BMI, secondary and higher education or above, surgery, chemotherapy, WL, and HGS. Patients' self-reported symptoms of nearly 2 weeks, obtained by using PG-SGA, are also further predictive of malnourished gastric cancer patients. Detecting preliminary indicators of low QOL could aid in identifying patients who might benefit from an early referral to palliative care and assisted nursing.
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Introduction: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors therapy has become a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the therapeutic efficacy varies significantly among effects for individual patients are significant difference. Unfortunately, specific predictive biomarkers indicating the degree of benefit for patients and thus guiding the selection of suitable candidates for immune therapy remain elusive.no specific predictive biomarkers are available indicating the degree of benefit for patients and thus screening the preferred population suitable for the immune therapy. Methods: Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) considered is an important method for analyzing biological samples, since it has the advantages of high rapid, high sensitivity, and high specificity. Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) has emerged as a pivotal method for analyzing biological samples due to its inherent advantages of rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity. In this study, potential metabolite biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic effect of HCC patients receiving immune therapy were identified by UHPLC-MS. Results: A partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was established using 14 glycerophospholipid metabolites mentioned above, and good prediction parameters (R2 = 0.823, Q2 = 0.615, prediction accuracy = 0.880 and p < 0.001) were obtained. The relative abundance of glycerophospholipid metabolite ions is closely related to the survival benefit of HCC patients who received immune therapy. Discussion: This study reveals that glycerophospholipid metabolites play a crucial role in predicting the efficacy of immune therapy for HCC.
Subject(s)
B7-H1 Antigen , Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Liver Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/immunology , Liver Neoplasms/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Male , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors , B7-H1 Antigen/blood , Female , Middle Aged , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Aged , Metabolomics/methods , Glycerophospholipids/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the adipose factor interleukin (IL)-6 in promoting pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS: We established an in vitro coculture model of mature adipocytes and TNBC cells using a Transwell system. Cell scratch, Transwell migration, and matrix invasion assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of TNBC cells cocultured with adipocytes. Next, we used lentivirus-mediated functional depletion experiments to study PTX3's role in the adipocyte-dependent migration of TNBC cells. RESULTS: After coculturing TNBC cells with adipocytes, PTX3 expression was upregulated, which accompanied enhanced cell migration and invasion. Using GEO data and RNA-seq analysis, we identified PTX3 as a key target gene influenced by the adipose TNBC microenvironment. IL-6 upregulation in the conditioned medium of mature adipocytes and in the serum of high-fat diet mice was associated with this effect, and the recombinant protein IL-6 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of TNBC cells along with the phosphorylation of intracellular STAT3 and the upregulation of PTX3. PTX3 knockdown inhibited TNBC cell migration and eliminated the enhanced migration caused by coculturing with adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that the PTX3 knockdown reduced obesity-induced lung metastasis. Subsequent experiments with cytokines and drug inhibitors confirmed that adipocyte-derived IL-6 promoted PTX3 expression by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis indicated that PTX3 promotes TNBC metastasis by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. CONCLUSION: Our study elucidated Obesity-related metabolic inflammation promotes the progression via the IL-6/STAT3/PTX3/MMP7 axis.
Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein , Cell Movement , Interleukin-6 , Obesity , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Serum Amyloid P-Component , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Animals , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Interleukin-6/genetics , Serum Amyloid P-Component/metabolism , Serum Amyloid P-Component/genetics , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Humans , Female , Obesity/metabolism , Mice , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , C-Reactive Protein/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Signal Transduction , Disease Progression , Adipocytes/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Coculture Techniques , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anthropometric indicators have been shown to be associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, any single anthropometric index has limitation in predicting the prognosis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to observe the predictive role of 7 anthropometric indicators based on body size on the prognosis of patients with cancer. METHODS: A principal component analysis (PCA) on 7 anthropometric measurements: height, weight, BMI, hand grip strength (HGS), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CAC) was conducted. Principal components (PCs) were derived from this analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the prognosis of patients with cancer and the PCs. Subgroups and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: Through PCA, 4 distinct PCs were identified, collectively explaining 88.3% of the variance. PC1, primarily characterized by general obesity, exhibited a significant inverse association with risk of cancer-related death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83, 0.88). PC2 (short stature with high TSF) was not significantly associated with cancer prognosis. PC3 (high BMI coupled with low HGS) demonstrated a significant increase with risk of cancer-related death (adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.11). PC4 (tall stature with high TSF) exhibited a significant association with increased cancer risk (adjusted HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). These associations varied across different cancer stages. The stability of the results was confirmed through sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Different body sizes are associated with distinct prognostic outcomes in patients with cancer. The impact of BMI on prognosis is influenced by both HGS and subcutaneous fat. This finding may influence the clinical care of cancer and improve the survival of cancer patients.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Body Mass Index , Aged , Adult , Hand Strength , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among phase angle (PA), malnutrition, and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS: In total, 870 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were enrolled. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between PA and survival risk. Restricted cubic spline regression was used for flexibility analysis to explore sex-specific associations between PA and survival. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships among PA, malnutrition, and cachexia. RESULTS: Low PA was closely associated with poor physical conditions, diminished quality of life, and malnutrition. Patients with low PA had a significantly worse prognosis than those with high PA (60.6% versus 72.8%; log-rank P < 0.001). PA was suitable for the prognostic assessment of patients with advanced-stage tumors. Regardless of sex, patients with lower PA showed significantly poorer survival rates. Cox proportional hazards models identified PA as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (hazard ratio (HR)=0.534; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.409-0.696, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that a high PA was an independent risk factor affecting the prognoses of patients with esophageal, liver, and intrahepatic bile duct cancers. Interestingly, variations in PA had a more significant prognostic effect on survival in men than in women. The logistic regression model confirmed that PA is a valuable indicator for assessing malnutrition and cachexia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Among all body composition indicators, PA demonstrated the highest accuracy for prognostic prediction. CONCLUSIONS: PA was identified as a robust predictor of malnutrition and poor prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Subject(s)
Cachexia , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Malnutrition , Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/complications , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/mortality , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Prognosis , Middle Aged , Cachexia/etiology , Cachexia/mortality , Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Quality of Life , Nutritional Status , Nutrition AssessmentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer has not been clearly reported. This study investigated the prognostic value of RC in predicting mortality in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This study prospectively analysed 709 women patients with breast cancer from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) project. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyse the dose-response relationship between RC and breast cancer mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. A Cox regression analyses was performed to assess the independent association between RC and breast cancer mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score was used to reduce confounding. Sensitivity analysis was performed after excluding patients with underlying diseases and survival times shorter than one year. RESULTS: A linear dose-response relationship was identified between RC and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer (p = 0.036). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test showed that patients with high RC levels had poorer survival than those with low RC levels (p = 0.007). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that RC was an independent risk factor for mortality in women patients with breast cancer. IPTW-adjusted analyses and sensitivity analyses showed that CR remained a prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: RC is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, and patients with higher RC levels have poorer survival.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Cholesterol , Lipoproteins , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Cholesterol/blood , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Prognosis , Adult , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Risk Factors , Proportional Hazards Models , Biomarkers/blood , Triglycerides/blood , AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Depression is a common psychological disorder worldwide, affecting mental and physical health. Previous studies have explored the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake in depressive symptoms; however, few studies have focused on the association between all types of fatty acids intake and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the intake of different fatty acids intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. METHODS: The study was based on the data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a large US-based database. We used a nutrient residual model and multi-nutrient density model for the analysis. We calculated the nutrient density and residual in men and women separately, and the fatty acids intake was divided into quartiles based on the sex distribution. The relationship between the depressive symptoms and the intake of different fatty acids was examined using logistic regression; furthermore, we explored the relationships separately in men and women. RESULTS: The intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs, particularly n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, were associated with reduced odds ratios for depressive symptoms. The inverse relationship between the intake of MUFAs, PUFAs, n-3, and n-6 PUFAs and depressive symptoms was stronger in women. The inverse relationship between total fatty acid (TFAs) intake and depressive symptoms existed only in a single model. In contrast, saturated fatty acid (SFAs) intake was not related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Consuming MUFAs and PUFAs can counteract the depressive symptoms, especially in women.
Subject(s)
Depression , Nutrition Surveys , Humans , Female , Male , Depression/epidemiology , Adult , Middle Aged , Fatty Acids/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/administration & dosage , United States/epidemiology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/administration & dosage , Sex Factors , Young Adult , AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis has recently been associated with multiple degenerative diseases. Ferroptosis induction in cancer cells is a feasible method for treating neoplastic diseases. However, the association of iron proliferation-related genes with prognosis in HER2+ breast cancer (BC) patients is unclear. AIM: To identify and evaluate fresh ferroptosis-related biomarkers for HER2+ BC. METHODS: First, we obtained the mRNA expression profiles and clinical information of HER2+ BC patients from the TCGA and METABRIC public databases. A four-gene prediction model comprising PROM2, SLC7A11, FANCD2, and FH was subsequently developed in the TCGA cohort and confirmed in the METABRIC cohort. Patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on their median risk score, an independent predictor of overall survival (OS). Based on these findings, immune infiltration, mutations, and medication sensitivity were analyzed in various risk groupings. Additionally, we assessed patient prognosis by combining the tumor mutation burden (TMB) with risk score. Finally, we evaluated the expression of critical genes by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from malignant vs normal epithelial cells. RESULTS: We found that the higher the risk score was, the worse the prognosis was (P < 0.05). We also found that the immune cell infiltration, mutation, and drug sensitivity were different between the different risk groups. The high-risk subgroup was associated with lower immune scores and high TMB. Moreover, we found that the combination of the TMB and risk score could stratify patients into three groups with distinct prognoses. HRisk-HTMB patients had the worst prognosis, whereas LRisk-LTMB patients had the best prognosis (P < 0.0001). Analysis of the scRNA-seq data showed that PROM2, SLC7A11, and FANCD2 were significantly differentially expressed, whereas FH was not, suggesting that these genes are expressed mainly in cancer epithelial cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our model helps guide the prognosis of HER2+ breast cancer patients, and its combination with the TMB can aid in more accurate assessment of patient prognosis and provide new ideas for further diagnosis and treatment.
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Sulfidated nano-scale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has emerged as an advanced functional nanomaterial for efficiently remediating Cr(VI) contamination in aqueous environments. However, there is an insufficient understanding of its coherent process, removal pathway, and hydrochemical reactive mechanisms, presenting potential challenges for its future environmental applications. To address this gap, this study successfully synthesized S-nZVI through a chemical precipitation method and effectively applied it for the removal of Cr(VI). Additional characterization revealed that the removal of Cr(VI) followed a sequence of rapid chemisorption and intraparticle diffusion processes, concomitant with an increase in pH and a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential. The remediation mechanism encompassed a synergistic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and simultaneous immobilization via Cr2FeO4 coprecipitation. The highest Cr(VI) removal capacity of 75 mg/g was attained during dynamic removal experiments in the sand column packed with S-nZVI. Further computational analysis, employing density functional theory calculations based on the experimental data, revealed the involvement of multiple molecular orbitals of Cr(VI) in the removal process. It also elucidated a step-by-step reduction pathway for Cr(VI) characterized by decreasing free energy. These findings provide evidence-based insights into Cr(VI) remediation using S-nZVI and can serve as valuable technical support for future environmental management of heavy metals.
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As one of the most intriguing nanozymes, the platinum (Pt) nanozyme has attracted tremendous research interest due to its various catalytic activities but its application is still limited by its poor colloidal stability and low affinity to substrates. Here, we design a highly stable Pt@carbon dot (Pt@CD) hybrid nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity (specific activity of 1877 U mg-1). The Pt@CDs catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals and exhibit high affinity to H2O2 and high specificity to 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-benzidine. We reveal that both the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of CDs could coordinate with Pt2+ and then regulate the charge state of the Pt nanozyme, facilitating the formation of Pt@CDs and improving the POD-like activity of Pt@CDs. Colorimetric detection assays based on Pt@CDs for H2O2, dopamine, and glucose with a satisfactory detection performance are achieved. Moreover, the Pt@CDs show a H2O2-involving antibacterial effect by destroying the cell membrane. Our findings provide new opportunities for designing hybrid nanozymes with desirable stability and catalytic performance by using CDs as nucleating templates and stabilizers.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Platinum , Carbon/chemistry , Platinum/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Glucose , Peroxidases/chemistry , Peroxidase/chemistryABSTRACT
Background: Inflammation and metabolic disorders are closely associated with cancer. Whether inflammation leads to metabolic disorders or vice versa during cancer initiation remains unclear. In this study, we explored this temporal relationship and the co-exposure effect on cancer risk. Methods: This prospective study had two phases. Initially, we examined the temporal relationship between inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP)) and metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome severity Z-score (MetS-Z)) using a 3.98-year survey and cross-lagged analysis. Subsequently, we assessed the connection of co-exposure to inflammation and metabolic disorders, and the risks of overall cancer, as well as specific obesity-related, non-obesity-related, digestive system, lung, and other cancers using an 11.04-year survey and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The cross-lagged analysis revealed that the path coefficient from baseline CRP to follow-up MetS-Z (ß2 = 0.032; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.026, 0.046) was more significant than the path coefficient from baseline MetS-Z to follow-up CRP (ß1 = 0.009; 95% CI = -0.001, 0.019). During the follow-up, 2304 cases of cancer occurred. Compared with the risk of cancer of patients with low average cumulative CRP and MetS-Z, patients with high value had a significantly increased risk (hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.83). The mediation analysis showed that MetS-Z mediated the association between CRP levels and overall cancer (12.67%), digestive system cancer (10.16%), and obesity-related cancer risk (13.87%). Conclusions: Inflammation had a greater impact on metabolic disorders than vice versa. Co-exposure to inflammation and metabolic disorders significantly increased the risk of cancer, particularly digestive system and obesity-related cancers. Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489.
Subject(s)
Metabolic Diseases , Neoplasms , Humans , Prospective Studies , Inflammation , Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect of combined hematological and physical measurement indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer and to screen for the best prognostic indicators. INTRODUCTION: Gastric and colorectal cancer is a widespread health concern worldwide and one of the major contributors to cancer-related death. The hematological and physical measurement indicators have been shown to associate with the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancer, respectively, but it is still unclear whether the combination of the two can reflect the prognosis more effectively. METHODS: Thirteen hematological indicators and 5 physical measurement indicators were selected in this study, and the most promising ones were screened using LASSO regression. Then, the best prognostic indicators were selected by time-ROC curves. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the effects of hematological and physical measurement indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers were evaluated by Cox proportional risk regression analysis. In addition, the relationship between hematological and physical measurement indicators on secondary outcomes, including length of stay, hospitalization costs, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and patients' subjective global assessment scores (PGSGA), was explored. RESULTS: After initial screening, among the hematological indicators, the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) showed the highest mean area under the curve (AUC) values. Among body measures, calf circumference (CC) showed the highest mean AUC value. Further analyses showed that the combination of combined nutritional prognostic index (GNRI) and calf circumference (CC) (GNRI-CC) had the best performance in predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers. Low GNRI, low CC, and low GNRI-low CC increased the risk of death by 44%, 48%, and 104%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed the same trend. In addition, low GNRI-low CC increased the risk of malnutrition by 17%. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes that a combination of blood measures and body measures is essential to accurately assess the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colorectal cancers. The GNRI-CC is a good prognostic indicator and can also assess the risk of possible malnutrition.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Malnutrition , Humans , Aged , Nutritional Status , Prognosis , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Baseline sleep duration is associated with cancer risk and cancer-specific mortality; however, the association between longitudinal patterns of sleep duration and these risks remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the association between sleep duration trajectory and cancer risk and cancer-specific mortality. METHODS: The participants recruited in this study were from the Kailuan cohort, with all participants aged between 18 and 98 years and without cancer at baseline. The sleep duration of participants was continuously recorded in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Latent mixture modeling was used to identify shared sleep duration trajectories. Furthermore, the Cox proportional risk model was used to examine the association of sleep duration trajectory with cancer risk and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 53,273 participants were included in the present study, of whom 40,909 (76.79%) were men and 12,364 (23.21%) were women. The average age of the participants was 49.03 (SD 11.76) years. During a median follow-up of 10.99 (IQR 10.27-11.15) years, 2705 participants developed cancers. Three sleep duration trajectories were identified: normal-stable (44,844/53,273, 84.18%), median-stable (5877/53,273, 11.03%), and decreasing low-stable (2552/53,273, 4.79%). Compared with the normal-stable group, the decreasing low-stable group had increased cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.16-1.65) and cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18-2.06). Dividing the participants by an age cutoff of 45 years revealed an increase in cancer risk (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.30-2.71) and cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.22-5.19) only in participants younger than 45 years, rather than middle-aged or older participants. Joint analysis revealed that compared with participants who had a stable sleep duration within the normal range and did not snore, those with a shortened sleep duration and snoring had the highest cancer risk (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.46-4.70). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration trajectories and quality are closely associated with cancer risk and cancer-specific mortality. However, these associations differ with age and are more pronounced in individuals aged <45 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489; http://tinyurl.com/2u89hrhx.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Sleep Duration , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Neoplasms/mortality , Prospective Studies , Sleep , East Asian PeopleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The practicality and effectiveness of using the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR) in evaluating patients with cancer remain unclear, and research is needed to fully understand its potential application in the cancer population. METHODS: The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test was employed for comparison. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the prognostic biomarkers, and Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between NAR and 90-day outcomes and cachexia. RESULTS: The study included 14 682 patients with cancer, divided into discovery (6592 patients), internal validation (2820 patients), and external validation groups (5270 patients). Patients with high NAR had higher all-cause mortality than those with low NAR in the discovery (50.15% versus 69.29%, P < 0.001), internal validation (54.18% versus 70.91%, P < 0.001), and external validation cohorts (40.60% versus 66.68%, P < 0.001). In the discovery cohort, high NAR was observed to be independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.19; P < 0.001). Moreover, we validated the promising prognostic value of NAR as a predictor of survival in patients with cancer through internal validation (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.27, P < 0.001) and external validation cohorts (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.21-1.34, P < 0.001). Additionally, in the subgroup analysis by tumor type, high NAR was identified as a risk factor for most cancers, except for breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that NAR is a feasible and promising biomarker for predicting prognosis and cancer cachexia in cancer patients.