The antiviral effects of TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

TRIM proteins play a crucial antiviral effector role in the innate immune system of vertebrates. In this study, we found that TRIM proteins exhibited the highest expression levels in immune organs such as spleen and kidney during IHNV infection in rainbow trout, meanwhile, we successfully amplified TRIM23 and TRIM32 from diseased rainbow trout and analyzed their gene sequences, revealing that rainbow trout TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins are closely related to Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon; In this experiment, the TRIM23 and TRIM32 protein genes were resoundingly constructed as a recombinant plasmids and expressed in CHSE-214 cells. Upon transfected with the recombinant plasmid, followed by viral infection, significant decreasion in the copy numbers of the virus was observed, indicating that the TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins of rainbow trout play an important role in inhibiting virus replication, with the TRIM32 role being the most pronounced. These results provide a basis for subsequent in-depth study of the antiviral effects of TRIM proteins, and provide new ideas for immune enhancers.

Immunological Effects of Recombinant Lactobacillus casei Expressing IHNV G Protein and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Chemokine CK6 as an Oral Vaccine.

IHNV is a virus that infects salmonids and causes serious economic damage to the salmonid farming industry. There is no specific treatment for the disease caused by this pathogen and the main preventive measure is vaccination, but this is only possible for small groups of individuals. Therefore, it is important to investigate new oral vaccines to prevent IHNV. In this study, the CK6 chemokine protein of rainbow trout and the truncated G protein of IHNV were used to construct a secretory expression recombinant L.casei vaccine for rainbow trout. The results showed that the levels of IgM and IgT antibodies in rainbow trout reached the highest level on the 15th day after the secondary immunization, and the antibodies exhibited high inhibitory activity against viral infection. Furthermore, the expression of relevant cytokines in different tissues was detected and found to be significantly higher in the oral vaccine group than in the control group. It was also found that pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 could stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation and improve mucosal immunity with significant differences between the immunized and control groups. When infected with IHNV, the protection rate of pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 was 66.67% higher than that of the control group. We found that pPG-612-CK6-G/L.casei 393 expressed and secreted the rainbow trout chemokine CK6 protein and IHNV truncated G protein, retaining the original immunogenicity of rainbow trout while enhancing their survival rate. This indicates that recombinant L.casei provides a theoretical basis and rationale for the development of an oral vaccine against IHNV and has important practical implications for the protection of rainbow trout from IHNV infection.

Polypeptides extracted from Eupolyphaga sinensis walker via enzymic digestion alleviate UV radiation-induced skin photoaging.

The traditional medicine-Eupolyphaga sinensis walker is a rich source of functional proteins and peptides. In this study, Eupolyphaga sinensis walker were identified to include fifteen amino acids, of which hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 46.7%. Eupolyphaga sinensis walker polypeptides (EPs) were extracted by sequentially hydrolyzing with pepsin and trypsin. EPs could effectively scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), superoxide anion radical (O2-), and hydroxyl radical (OH-), and reduce ferric solution in vitro. EPs also enhanced the activities of Ssuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPH-Px), increased the contents of hydroxyproline (HYP), and reduced the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in photoaged mice skin. Histological study confirmed that EPs improved UV irradiation-induced damage of skin texture and morphology. Therefore, the extracted EPs are effective antioxidants and can serve as powerful treatment for skin photoaging.