ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of the sequential delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 on bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects (40 Sprague-Dawley rats, 8mm defect size), all animals were treated with a hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bone graft covered with a collagen membrane. The experimental groups were as follows: (1) control group: unmodified collagen (no treatment); (2) BMP-2 group: 5 µg of BMP-2; (3) hep-BMP-7 group: 5 µg BMP-7 chemically bound to heparinized collagen; and (4) BMP-2/hep-BMP-7 group: 2.5 µg BMP-7 bound to heparinized collagen and subsequently treated with 2.5 µg BMP-2. Defect healing was examined at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery. The BMP-2 group showed the largest new bone area at week 2 (29.3 ± 7.3%; P = 0.009); new bone areas in the hep-BMP-7 and BMP-2/hep-BMP-7 groups were similar (11.8 ± 3.4% and 12.9 ± 5.71%, respectively; P = 0.917). After 8 weeks, the BMP-2/hep-BMP-7 group showed the largest new bone area (43.3 ± 6.2%), followed by the BMP-2 and hep-BMP-7 groups (P = 0.013). Accordingly, in comparison with single deliveries of BMP-2 and BMP-7, sequential delivery of BMP-2 and BMP-7 using a heparinized collagen membrane significantly induced new bone formation with a smaller quantity of BMP-2 in rat calvarial defects.
Subject(s)
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/administration & dosage , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/pharmacology , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/administration & dosage , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/pharmacology , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Skull/surgery , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Bone Substitutes/pharmacology , Collagen/pharmacology , Drug Delivery Systems , Durapatite/pharmacology , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Given the shortage of studies on parental perceived benefits of OROS-methylphenidate treatment in Asian populations, we assessed parental response to OROS-methylphenidate treatment of Korean children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in relation to children's academic performance and behavioral symptoms as well as parental rearing stress and depressive symptoms.We enrolled 132 medication-naïve children with ADHD into a multicenter, open-label, 12-week trial of OROS-MPH. The outcome measures were the ADHD rating scale-IV (ADHD-RS), the comprehensive attention test and academic performance rating scale, and the clinical global impression (CGI)-severity/improvement instrument (for the children) and Beck depression inventory and parenting stress index (for their parents).We found parent-perceived improvements in children's ADHD-related behavioral symptoms and academic function and their parents' depressive symptoms and parenting stress. Investigator-rated ADHD symptoms and subjects' neuropsychological function were also improved (p<0.001).Parents of Korean children with ADHD perceive that OROS-methylphenidate treatment improves their children's academic function and behavior as well as their own child-rearing stress and emotional state. These findings must be interpreted with caution, due to a non-comparative open-label trial.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Parents/psychology , Adult , Asian People , Attention/physiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Child , Depression/psychology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Methylphenidate/administration & dosage , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Parenting/psychology , Republic of Korea , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A search for T-violating transverse muon polarization (P(T)) in the K+-->pi(0)mu(+)nu decay was performed using kaon decays at rest. A new improved value P(T)=-0.0017+/-0.0023(stat)+/-0.0011(syst) was obtained giving an upper limit |P(T)|<0.0050. The T-violation parameter was determined to be Imxi=-0.0053+/-0.0071(stat)+/-0.0036(syst) giving an upper limit |Imxi|<0.016.