Curative Effect of Bifid Triple Viable Capsules in Patients after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy / 中国药师

Objective:To discuss the curative effect of bifid triple viable capsules in the patients after laparoscopic cholecystecto-my ( LC) . Methods:Totally 100 cases of patients with LC were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group at random. The patients in the two groups underwent LC under the general anesthesia, and were given routine medical treatment after the operation. The patients in the observation group were additionally given bifid triple viable capsules, 630mg per time, twice a day for 1 week as the treatment course. The changes in the occurrence of diarrhea, alteration of intestinal flora and plasma D-lactic acid of the patients and drug adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared after the medical treatment. Results:One week after the operation, the occurrence of diarrhea and alteration of intestinal flora of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P0. 05). Conclusion: The application of bifid triple viable capsules in the pa-tients after LC can effectively reduce the plasma D-lactic acid levels, occurrence of diarrhea and alteration of intestinal flora with prom-ising security, which is good for the postoperative recovery of the patients.

The relationship between the genotype and clinical factors of filamentous fungus causing-keratitis / 眼科研究

Background The study on the classification of fungi is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis.Identifying the different species of filamentous fungi is a critical factor for the application of anti-fungal drug in treating keratitis.ObjectiveThis report studies the relationship between the genotype of filamentous fungi and the clinical factors.MethodsFifty-two patients with filamentous fungal keratitis determined by clinical and laboratory examination were recruited in Tongren Hospital from January 2006-December 2006.The lesions were graded on the severity of the corneal ulcer and the presence of hypopyon.The filamentous fungal keratitis was treated with topical and systemic administration of anti-fungal drugs or corneal transplantation.The isolates were cultured in potato culture and identified by morphological characteristics based on the Nelson criterion and genotyped by the rDNA ITS method.The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsForty-eight species (eubacteria are bacteria,not fungi)of fungus were identified by morphological characteristics,and the filamentous fungi were divided into 4 types based on the phylogenetic relationships within the rDNA ITS of the 52 filamentous fungi.The morphological characteristics and genotype were confirmed in 48 strains of eubacteria and 31 strains of 52 filamentous fungi (90.3%).The 4 groups of fungi were classified by genotype as follows:group 1 represents 22 strains including 20 strains of Fusarium solani and 2 strains of Fusarium oxysporum;group 2 represents 12 strains including 8 strains of Fusarium moniliformis,3 strains of Fusarium proliferatum and 1 strain of Fusarium incarnatum;group 3 represents 5 strains including 1 strain of Fusarium moniliformis and 4 unknown strains;group 4 represents 13 strains including 10 strains of Aspergillus spp.and 3 strains of Alternaria spp.Significant differences were found in the disease duration (P=0.00),inducing cause (P=0.03),ulcer grade (P=0.01)and outcome of the anti-fungal treatment (P=0.035)when compared between group 1 and 2 with group 3 and 4.Conclusion Filamentous fungi that cause keratitis could be correctly identified by sequencing the internal tanscribed spacer of rDNA.There are significant clinical differences among the groups classified by genotype.

Ocular fungal isolates and antifungal susceptibility in northern China.

PURPOSE: To analyze the distribution characteristics of ocular fungal isolates and antifungal susceptibility in vitro. DESIGN: A retrospective case-series descriptive study. METHODS: Two thousand one hundred and seventy-nine specimens collected from Tongren Hospital during 2001 to 2004 were identified at the Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology. Fungal culture-positive rate, antifungal susceptibility in vitro, and genus distribution of positive cultures were analyzed retrospectively. For the fungal culture-positive samples, the gender and age of the patients, the location of ocular involvement, and the season of the onset of mycotic ocular diseases were studied. The fungal positive isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Out of 2,179 specimens, 681 specimens were positive cultures. The culture-positive rate was 31.25%. Out of 681 specimens of positive cultures, 591 specimens were from the cornea, 29 from the aqueous humor, 22 from the conjunctiva, 22 from the vitreous body, one from the lacrimal sac, and 16 from the other sites. Fusarium species was the most common pathogen identified in 394 (57.86% of positive cultures), followed by Aspergillus species in 116 (17.03% of positive cultures). Out of 681 positive cultures, the sensitivity in vitro to natamycin, terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole were 608/681 (89.28%), 467/681 (68.58%), 260/681 (38.18%), and 101/681 (14.83%), respectively. Three hundred and sixty-eight (93.4%) of Fusarium species were sensitive to natamycin, 107 (92.2%) of Aspergillus species were sensitive to itraconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Fusarium species was the predominant pathogen, which resulted in mycotic ocular diseases in northern China, followed by Aspergillus species. Most of the Fusarium species were sensitive to natamycin, and most of the Aspergillus species were sensitive to itraconazole.

Pharmacokinetics of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.02% in the rabbit cornea.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in the rabbit cornea. METHODS: Each eye of 16 New Zealand white rabbits were topically instilled with 50 microL of CHG 0.02% eye drops twice with a 5-min interval. Four (4) corneas of 2 rabbits were harvested at each time point. The concentration of CHG in the cornea was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 387 software to simulate the pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: The concentration of CHG in the cornea displayed an open two-compartment model. Tmax was 13.75 min, Cmax 0.713 microg.g1, clearance rate 1.64 microg.g-1.min-1, and t1/2alpha, t1/2beta, and t1/2ka was 2.65, 48.72, and 2.67 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of CHG in the rabbit cornea could be determined by means of HPLC. The maximum concentration of CHG in the corneal tissue was much higher than the trophozoite minimum amoebicidal concentration (TMAC) in vitro.

Acanthamoeba keratitis as a complication of orthokeratology.

PURPOSE: To present four cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis as a complication of orthokeratology. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: Four patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis had histories of overnight orthokeratology lens wear of 6 months to 2 years. RESULTS: Three cases were diagnosed with Acanthamoeba keratitis by corneal scraping and one by confocal microscopy examination. The patients were treated with chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and neomycin sulfate, resulting in a rapid resolution of ocular inflammation. CONCLUSION: Overnight wear of orthokeratology lenses may induce Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Etiological analysis on bacterial ocular disease in northern China (1989-1998) / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the distribution and trends of bacterial culture specimens in Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of the bacterial culture-positive rate, the distribution of gram' s stain, and the distribution and change of isolates was performed on 4705 specimens during a 10-year period (1989- 1998).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive cultures numbered 1339 of the 4705 specimens, with a positive rate of 28.6%. Gram-positive cocci constituted 55.6% of the total isolates, followed by gram-positive bacilli 13.1% . Gram-negative cocci accounted for 2.8%, and gram-negative bacilli 28.5% . In the positive bacteria cultures, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (mainly Staphylococcous epidermidis) was the most common isolate (25.3%), and followed by Pseudomonas 18.8%, Micrococcus 11.7%, Cotynbaccterium 10.1%, and Staphylococcus aureus 8.2% . During the 10-year period, the overall frequency of gram-positive cocci appeared to increase with time while the frequency of gram-negative bacilli decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli are still the predominant pathogens of ocular infection in northern China. The frequency of the former increases annually whereas that of the latter decreases. It is important to comprehend the distribution and trends of ocular pathogenic bacteria for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious ocular disease.</p>

Study on the clinic and laboratory diagnosis of patients with trachoma / 眼科

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation of trachoma,and to select the appropriate laboratory test for clini- cal diagnosis.Design Retrospective case series.Participants Retrospective analysis of medical records from 61 patients with trachoma from Jan 2003 to Aug 2006 in Bejing Tongren Eye Center.Methods Grades of trachoma diagnosis were according to the criteria de- signed by Chinese Ophthalmological Society (1979).The general state of health,case history,and the laboratory investigations of pa- tients were recorded.Laboratory tests included the conjunctiva scraping for inclusions,C.trachomatis immune antigen test and PCR test.Main Outcome Measures Manifestation of corneal and conjunctiva,the results of laboratory tests of C.trachomatis.Results Out of sixty-one patients including 28 males and 33 females,the average old was (29.05?19.99) years.88.5% cases were inⅠstage of tra- choma,8.2% were inⅡstage,and 3.3% were inⅢstage.The C.trachomatis inclusions were found in 7 (11.5%) scraping smears.42 (68.9%) cases were positive in C.trachomatis antigen test.46 (75.4%) cases were positive in PCR tests.The positive rates of antigen and PCR test were significantly higher than that of scraping (P=0.00).Conclusions A majority of clinical patients were inⅠstage of trachoma.The degree of their distress was minimal.It is necessary to apply C.trachomatis,antigen test or PCR test to improve the clin- ical diagnosis.