Fe-Catalyzed Fluorosulfonylation of Alkenes via Sulfur Dioxide Insertion: Synthesis of Lactam-Functionalized Alkyl Sulfonyl Fluorides.

A novel Fe-catalyzed fluorosulfonylation of alkenes with Na2S2O4 and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) for assembling various lactam-functionalized alkyl sulfonyl fluorides is disclosed. In this reaction, Na2S2O4 acts as both an SO2 source and a reductant. Furthermore, the resulting products can be efficiently transformed into valuable chemicals, including sulfonyl esters and sulfonamides, via the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click reaction. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the transformation proceeds through intramolecular radical cyclization, SO2 insertion, sulfite anion formation, and fluorination.

[Research progress of pelvic acetabular fractures combined venous thromboembolic disease].

Pelvic acetabular fractures(PAFs) are one of the most common types of pelvic fractures, mostly high-energy injuries, with complex pelvic acetabular structure and limited surgical methods. The trauma of the acetabular fracture itself and the need for long-term bed rest after surgery cause particularly complicated clinical complications. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of its high incidence and serious complications. This review mainly focuses on VTE after PAFs, and describes the epidemiology, risk factors and prevention measures of VTE, aiming to help improve the prognosis and avoid the occurrence of serious complications.

Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Aberrant Neutrophil Trafficking and Subsequent Remote Lung Injury.

The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced ARDS remains elusive. Neutrophil heterogeneity and dysfunction contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in patients with ARDS. A specific subset of neutrophils undergoing reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM), which is characterized by an activated phenotype, is implicated in the systemic dissemination of inflammation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it identified functionally activated neutrophils exhibiting the rTEM phenotype in the lung of a sepsis mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture. The prevalence of neutrophils with the rTEM phenotype is elevated in the blood of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS and is positively correlated with disease severity. Mechanically, scRNA-seq and proteomic analys revealed that inflamed endothelial cell (EC) released extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1), promoting abluminal-to-luminal neutrophil rTEM. Additionally, EC-derived EVs are elevated and positively correlated with the proportion of rTEM neutrophils in clinical sepsis. Collectively, EC-derived EV is identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil rTEM, providing insights into the contribution of rTEM neutrophils to sepsis-associated lung injury.

Bariatric surgery and diabetes: Current challenges and perspectives.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity have become public issues of global concern. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity combined with type 2 DM has been shown to be a safe and effective approach; however, there are limited studies that have systematically addressed the challenges of surgical treatment of obesity combined with DM. In this review, we summarize and answer the most pressing questions in the field of surgical treatment of obesity-associated DM. I believe that our insights will be of great help to clinicians in their daily practice.

Cu(II)/Base Synergistic Promoted [2 + 1 + 3] Cyclization of Cyclic Ketones with α,ß-Unsaturated Aldehydes/Ketones and NH4I to Access Fused Pyridines.

Herein, a practical three-component [2 + 1 + 3] cyclization of various cyclic ketones with α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones and ammonium iodide (NH4I) to access highly functional fused pyridines has been developed. The features of this transformation include mild reaction conditions, readily available starting materials, and excellent chemoselectivity. This protocol is compatible with various functional groups, and the preliminary studies on the mechanism of the reaction are also provided.

Catalyst-Free, Zn-Mediated Decarboxylative Coupling of Chlorostibines to Access Alkylstibines with Stable C(sp3)-Sb Bonds.

Herein, decarboxylative C(sp3)-Sb coupling of aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives with chlorostibines to access alkylstibines has been achieved. This catalyst-, ligand-, and base-free approach using zinc as a reductant affords various kinds of benzyldiarylstibines and other monoalkyldiarylstibines and tolerates various functional groups, including chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, amide, sulfone, and cyano groups. The late-stage modification and the gram-scale experiments illustrate its potential application.

Remote ischemic conditioning prevents ischemic cerebrovascular events in children with moyamoya disease: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a significant cause of childhood stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in children with MMD. METHODS: In a single-center pilot study, 46 MMD patients aged 4 to 14 years, with no history of reconstructive surgery, were randomly assigned to receive either RIC or sham RIC treatment twice daily for a year. The primary outcome measured was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cerebrovascular events (MACEs). Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, recurrent TIA, hemorrhagic stroke, revascularization rates, and clinical improvement assessed using the patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale during follow-up. RIC-related adverse events were also recorded, and cerebral hemodynamics were evaluated using transcranial Doppler. RESULTS: All 46 patients completed the final follow-up (23 each in the RIC and sham RIC groups). No severe adverse events associated with RIC were observed. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significant reduction in MACEs frequency after RIC treatment [log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), P = 0.021]. At 3-year follow-up, two (4.35%) patients had an ischemic stroke, four (8.70%) experienced TIAs, and two (4.35%) underwent revascularization as the qualifying MACEs. The clinical improvement rate in the RIC group was higher than the sham RIC group on the PGIC scale (65.2% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01). No statistical difference in cerebral hemodynamics post-treatment was observed. CONCLUSIONS: RIC is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for asymptomatic children with MMD. This was largely due to the reduced incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events.

The clinical application value of 3.0T magnetic resonance T2 mapping imaging in evaluating the degree of acetabular cartilage degeneration in joint replacement surgery running title: MRI and acetabular cartilage degeneration.

BACKGROUND: To explore and compare the values of 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping in evaluating the degree of acetabular cartilage degeneration in hip replacement surgery. METHODS: A total of 26 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who were scanned in 3.0T MRI T2 mapping quantification technique were included. Basing on MRI images, the degree of acetabular cartilage degeneration was classified into Grade 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scores. In addition, 8 healthy volunteers were included for control group. RESULTS: By comparison with health population, T2 relaxation values in the anterior, superior, and posterior regions of acetabular cartilage in patients with femoral neck fracture were obviously increased (P < 0.001). Among the patients with femoral neck fractures, there were 16 hip joint with Grade 1-2 (mild degeneration subgroup) and 10 hip joints with Grade 3-4 (severe degeneration subgroup), accounting for 61.54% and 38.46%, respectively. Additionally, T2 relaxation values in the anterior and superior bands of articular cartilage were positively related to the MRI-based grading (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference of T2 relaxation values in the posterior areas of articular cartilage between severe degeneration subgroup and mild degeneration subgroup (P > 0.05). Importantly, acetabular cartilage degeneration can be detected through signal changes of T2 mapping pseudo-color images. CONCLUSION: 3.0T MRI T2 mapping technology can be used to determine the degree of acetabular cartilage degeneration, which can effectively monitor the disease course.

Tuning Dynamic Structural Evolution of Bi24O31Cl10 for Enhancing Piezo-Photocatalytic Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitrate.

Direct nitrogen oxidation into nitrate under ambient conditions presents a promising strategy for harsh and multistep industrial processes. However, the dynamic structural evolution of active sites in surface reactions constitutes a highly intricate endeavor and remains in its nascent stage. Here, we constructed a Bi24O31Cl10 material with moiré superlattice structure (BCMS) for direct piezo-photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen into nitrate. Excitingly, BCMS achieved excellent nitric acid production (15.44 mg g-1 h-1) under light and pressure conditions. Detailed experimental results show that the unique structure extracts the local strain tensor from the constricting Bi-Bi bond and Bi-O bond for internal structural reconstruction, which promotes the formation of electron and reactive molecule vortexes to facilitate charge transfer as well as N2 and O2 adsorption. Ultimately, these initiatives strengthen electron exchange between the superoxide radical and nitrogen as well as the binding strength of multiple intermediates, which swayingly adjusts the reaction path and energy barriers.

Zigzag boron nitride nanoribbon doped with carbon atom for giant magnetoresistance and rectification behavior based nanodevices.

Using the principles of density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF), We thoroughly researched carbon-doped zigzag boron nitride nanoribbons (ZBNNRs) to understand their electronic behavior and transport properties. Intriguingly, we discovered that careful doping can transform carbon-doped ZBNNRs into a spintronic nanodevice with distinct transport features. Our model showed a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) up to a whopping 10 5 under mild bias conditions. Plus, we spotted a spin rectifier having a significant rectification ratio (RR) of 10 4 . Our calculated transmission spectra have nicely explained why there's a GMR up to 10 5 for spin-up current at biases of - 1.2 V, - 1.1 V, and - 1.0 V, and also accounted for a GMR up to 10 3 -10 5 for spin-down current at biases of 1.0 V, 1.1 V, and 1.2 V. Similarly, the transmission spectra elucidate that at biases of 1.0 V, 1.1 V, and 1.2 V for spin-up, and at biases of 1.1 V and 1.2 V for spin-down in APMO, the RRs reach 10 4 . Our research shines a light on a promising route to push forward the high-performance spintronics technology of ZBNNRs using carbon atom doping. These insights hint that our models could be game-changers in the sphere of nanoscale spintronic devices.

Local weak hydrogen bonds induced dipole-dipole interactions in polymer for enhancing photocatalytic oxidation.

Functionalizing organic polymers is an effective strategy for enhancing their photocatalytic performance. However, this approach is currently limited by specific motifs, complex preparation methods, and an unclear electron transfer mechanism. Here, we present a meticulously designed structure of perylene diimide connected with poly (barbituric acid trimer) through self-assembled hydrogen bonding. In particular, the local chemical environment of the two components is adjusted by hydrogen bond-induced dipole-dipole interactions, leading to the emergence of a significant inherent electric field. Additionally, the formation of hydrogen bonds provides electronic pathways that facilitate charge transfer from perylene to adjacent units. Moreover, the distinctive electronic structure enhances polarity transfer and improves activation and adsorption capabilities for reactive molecules. Ultimately, B-PDI exhibits outstanding oxidation rates for benzylamine to N-benzylidene-benzylamine (10.03 mmol g-1h-1) and selectivity (>99.99 %). Our work offers a widely popular approach for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of organic semiconductor materials by constructing hydrogen bonds in heterogeneous molecules.

Local polarization redistribution in ZnmIn2S3+m for the enhancing synergetic piezo-photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Piezo-photocatalytic water (deuterium oxide) decomposition is a promising strategy for realizing renewable energy, but the manipulation of the polar center remains a big challenge. This study uses a simple low-temperature hydrothermal process to successfully manufacture ZnmIn2Sm+3 (m = 1-3) (ZnIn2S4, Zn2In2S5 and Zn3In2S6). Incorporating both experimental and theoretical analyses, the structural contraction and local polarization of the Zn-S bond in Zn2In2S5 enhance the piezoelectric response and surface charge accumulation, which facilitate charge transfer and reduce the activation energy of water. Remarkably, Zn2In2S5 exhibits excellent piezoelectric photocatalytic total water splitting performance (H2/O2: 4284.72/1967.00 µmol g-1h-1), which is 1.77 times that of photocatalytic performance. Moreover, a significant enhancement in D2O splitting performance can be obtained for the optimized Zn2In2S5. Our work offers valuable insights into the disclosure of local polarization in catalysts for enhancing piezo-photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Therapeutic utility of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-based approaches in pulmonary diseases: Recent advancements and prospects.

Pulmonary diseases across all ages threaten millions of people and have emerged as one of the major public health issues worldwide. For diverse disease conditions, the currently available approaches are focused on alleviating clinical symptoms and delaying disease progression but have not shown significant therapeutic effects in patients with lung diseases. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) isolated from the human UC have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Moreover, in recent years, these cells have been demonstrated to have unique advantages in the treatment of lung diseases. We searched the Public Clinical Trial Database and found 55 clinical trials involving UC-MSC therapy for pulmonary diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of these registered clinical trials and relevant published results and explore in depth the challenges and opportunitiesfaced in clinical application. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in UC-MSC-based therapy for pulmonary diseases are also analyzed in depth. In brief, this comprehensive review and detailed analysis of these clinical trials can be expected to provide a scientific reference for future large-scale clinical application.

Personalized digital simulation­assisted acetabular component implantation in revision hip arthroplasty.

The number of artificial total hip revision arthroplasties is increasing yearly in China, and >50% of these cases have acetabular defects. Accurately locating and quantifying the bone defect is one of the current challenges of this surgery. Thus, the objective of the present study was to simulate acetabular implantation with the aid of Mimics 17.0 software (Materialise NV) in patients with loosened acetabular prosthesis, to evaluate the 'ideal acetabular center' and the 'actual acetabular center' to guide the choice of prosthesis and surgical method. From January 2017 to June 2021, the present study included 10 hips from 10 patients [seven men (seven hips) and three women (three hips)]. In all patients, the Mimics software was applied to simulate the dislocation of the femoral prosthesis and acetabular prosthesis implantation before surgery; calculate the height difference between the 'ideal acetabular center' and the 'actual acetabular center' to assess the bone defect; confirm the size of the acetabular prosthesis, abduction angle, anteversion angle and bone coverage of the acetabular cup; and measure the intraoperative bleeding and postoperative follow-up Harris score of the hip joint. After statistical analysis, the present study revealed that digital simulation assistance could improve the accuracy of hip revision acetabular prosthesis implantation, reduce postoperative shortening of the affected limb, especially for surgeons with relatively little experience in hip revision surgery, and greatly reduce the occurrence of complications such as hip dislocation because of poor postoperative prosthesis position.

Zn-Catalyzed Dehydroxylative Phosphorylation of Allylic Alcohols with P(III)-Nucleophiles.

A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diarylallyl-functionalized phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphine oxides through the zinc-catalyzed dehydroxylative phosphorylation of allylic alcohols with P(III)-nucleophiles via a Michaelis-Arbuzov-type rearrangement is reported. A broad range of allylic alcohols and P(III)-nucleophiles (P(OR)3, ArP(OR)2, and Ar2P(OR)) are well tolerated in this reaction, and the expected dehydroxylative phosphorylation products could be synthesized with good to excellent yields under the optimal reaction conditions. The reaction can be easily scaled up at a gram-synthesis level. Furthermore, through the step-by-step control experiments, kinetic study experiments, and 31P NMR tracking experiments, we acquired insights into the reaction and proposed the possible mechanism for this transformation.

Molecular network analysis of 308 newly diagnosed HIV infection and 210 ART failure patients from rural counties in Sichuan.

BACKGROUND: Few studies on molecular epidemiology have studied people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients at the same time in rural China. With more serious HIV epidemic than in other provinces in China, Sichuan is an area suitable for this study. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular networks and factors related to network entry among newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients in three county-level cities (A, B, C) in Sichuan Province, to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control. METHODS: Nested PCR amplification method was used to amplify HIV-1 pol gene region of 530 blood samples, Sequencer 4.9 was used to edit, clean and splice the gene sequence, Bioedit correction, Fastree 2.1.8 and Figtree 1.4.2 to construct evolutionary tree and determine genotype. HyPhy2.2.4 and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software were used to construct molecular network. Logistic regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: 523(98.68%) pol sequences were obtained, and a total of 518 valid sequences with basic information came into the final analyses. A total of 6 genotypes were detected, namely CRF01_AE (320,61.78%), CRF07_BC (149,28.76%), B (30,5.79%), CRF08_BC (11, 2.12%), CRF55_01B (6, 1.16%) and C (2, 0.39%). 186 of 518(35.91%) sequences entered the network at a genetic distance of 0.8%, forming 42 propagation clusters. "High-risk transmitters"(connected with two and more) accounted for 21.62%. Logistic regression showed that≥50 years old (OR = 2.474) were more risky than 18-49 years old, CRF07_BC sub-type (OR = 0.174) were less risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, B sub-type (OR = 6.698) is higher risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, and District B (OR = 0.077) less risky than that of A city. CONCLUSION: The sources of HIV infection in rural Sichuan are diversified and complicated. The prevention and control of HIV infection in Sichuan Province should focus on strengthening the long-term dynamic detection of elderly population, B strain sub-type, and in City A.

An Angular Acceleration Based Looming Detector for Moving UAVs.

Visual perception equips unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with increasingly comprehensive and instant environmental perception, rendering it a crucial technology in intelligent UAV obstacle avoidance. However, the rapid movements of UAVs cause significant changes in the field of view, affecting the algorithms' ability to extract the visual features of collisions accurately. As a result, algorithms suffer from a high rate of false alarms and a delay in warning time. During the study of visual field angle curves of different orders, it was found that the peak times of the curves of higher-order information on the angular size of looming objects are linearly related to the time to collision (TTC) and occur before collisions. This discovery implies that encoding higher-order information on the angular size could resolve the issue of response lag. Furthermore, the fact that the image of a looming object adjusts to meet several looming visual cues compared to the background interference implies that integrating various field-of-view characteristics will likely enhance the model's resistance to motion interference. Therefore, this paper presents a concise A-LGMD model for detecting looming objects. The model is based on image angular acceleration and addresses problems related to imprecise feature extraction and insufficient time series modeling to enhance the model's ability to rapidly and precisely detect looming objects during the rapid self-motion of UAVs. The model draws inspiration from the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD), which shows high sensitivity to acceleration information. In the proposed model, higher-order information on the angular size is abstracted by the network and fused with multiple visual field angle characteristics to promote the selective response to looming objects. Experiments carried out on synthetic and real-world datasets reveal that the model can efficiently detect the angular acceleration of an image, filter out insignificant background motion, and provide early warnings. These findings indicate that the model could have significant potential in embedded collision detection systems of micro or small UAVs.

Interpretation of"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO):guidelines for neonatal respiratory failure" / 解放军医学杂志

According to the extracorporeal life support(ECLS)registry report,the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in neonates with severe respiratory failure reached its peak in 1992.With the emergence of new respiratory support methods such as nitric oxide,pulmonary surfactant,and high-frequency ventilation,the number of neonates with ECMO for respiratory support decreased gradually,maintaining at about 1000 cases per year.However,it also means that the neonates who need ECMO support will be in a more severe condition,which requires higher requirements for clinicians.In order to further standardize the technique of neonatal extracorporeal life support,the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO)published the guidelines for neonatal respiratory failure in 2020.The guidelines provide suggestions on the technology,patient management and complications during ECMO.This article mainly interprets the patient selection,support mode,technical considerations,management and complications during ECMO.

Characteristics of foot development in children under 3 years old in Xi′an City / 中国儿童保健杂志

【Objective】 To measure and analyze foot development indicators of children under 3 years old, in order to provide basis for the correct clinical assessment of children foot development. 【Methods】 A total of 5 894 children under 3 years old who took physical examination in the Child Health Care Department of Xi′an People′s Hospital from August 2022 to March 2023 were randomly selected. Foot length, foot width, the ratio of foot width to length and arch index were measured by image processing system, and were compared among different age groups and sex groups. 【Results】 1) Foot length, foot width and arch index of children under 3 years old increased significantly with age, while the ratio of foot width to length decreased significantly with age(F=1 345.23, 396.21,184.65, 287.03, P<0.05). 2) There was no statistical significance in foot length, foot width and arch index between left and right foot of children under 3 years old(P>0.05). 3) Foot length and foot width of boys were greater than those of girls in all age groups, and the difference was statistically significant(tfoot length:3.45 - 10.19, tfoot width: 3.77 - 9.21, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in arch index between boys and girls in all age groups(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Foot shape of children under 3 years old changes with age, there are differences in foot length and width between boys and girls.

Epidemiological characteristics of a local cluster epidemic caused by the BA.2 evolutionary branch of Omicron variant / 中华预防医学杂志

Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the local cluster of COVID-19 in the logistic park of Yuhang District in Hangzhou in March 2022. The cluster epidemic was detected by a case who actively visited the fever clinic. The epidemic lasted for 8 days, and a total of 58 cases (53 workers, 2 students, 1 farmer, 1 teacher and 1 unemployed) were found, including 40 males and 18 females. The age was (33.29±12.22) years. There cases were mainly in Yuhang District (48 cases, 82.77%) and Shangcheng District (7 cases, 12.07%) of Hangzhou. The real-time regeneration number peaked at 2.31 on March 10th and decreased to 0.37 on March 15th. The sequencing result of the indicated case was 100% homologous with the sequence uploaded from South Korea on March 4th, 2022.