ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Popliteal pterygium syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by orofacial, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and genital anomalies. The popliteal pterygium (PP) affects ambulation due to severe knee flexion contracture and equinovarus deformities. Surgical treatment aims to correct these deformities while preserving limb sensibility. However, due to its rarity, surgical guidelines are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to summarize and compare surgical methods for PP. 183 paper were identified in PubMed and data from 32 articles were analyzed, including patient demographics, treatment modalities (Ilizarov fixator, femoral osteotomy, skin/soft tissue procedures, hamstring release, nerve surgery, and amputation), pre- and post-operative abilities to walk, knee joint parameters, complications, and recurrent contractions. RESULTS: Among 58 patients (87 limbs), Ilizarov fixator demonstrated improved knee and ankle mobility postoperatively, but showed a relatively high surgical session count and complication rates. Femoral osteotomy achieved successful knee posture correction with fewer sessions and no complications. Isolated skin/soft tissue procedures improved flexion contracture and mobility, though they required several procedures. Hamstring release achieved notable contracture reduction but also necessitated multiple interventions. Nerve surgery and amputation had limited data, warranting further investigation. CONCLUSION: The management of PP demands a comprehensive approach, considering individual patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. While different surgical modalities offer distinct benefits, a classification or guideline to treat this deformity is still lacking. Further research is essential to validate findings, refine treatment approaches, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with PP.
Subject(s)
Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital , Humans , Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/surgery , Osteotomy/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Unfavorable vascular anatomy can impede thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of aortic arch types, aortic arch branching patterns and supra-aortic arterial tortuosity in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images of all stroke patients in an institutional thrombectomy registry were retrospectively reviewed. Aortic arch types and branching patterns of all patients were determined. In patients with anterior circulation stroke, the prevalence of tortuosity (elongation, kinking or coiling) of the supra-aortic arteries of the affected side was additionally assessed. RESULTS: A total of 1705 aortic arches were evaluated. Frequency of aortic arch types I, II and III were 777 (45.6%), 585 (34.3%) and 340 (19.9%), respectively. In 1232 cases (72.3%), there was a normal branching pattern of the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery had a common origin in 258 cases (15.1%). In 209 cases (12.3%), the left common carotid artery arose from the brachiocephalic trunk. Of 1598 analyzed brachiocephalic trunks and/or common carotid arteries, 844 (52.8%) had no vessel tortuosity, 592 (37.0%) had elongation, 155 (9.7%) had kinking, and 7 (0.4%) had coiling. Of 1311 analyzed internal carotid arteries, 471 (35.9%) had no vessel tortuosity, 589 (44.9%) had elongation, 150 (11.4%) had kinking, and 101 (7.7%) had coiling. CONCLUSION: With 20%, type III aortic arches are found in a relevant proportion of stroke patients eligible for mechanical thrombectomy. Nearly half of the stroke patients present with supra-aortic arterial tortuosity, mostly arterial elongation.