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3.
Int J Cancer ; 126(2): 405-15, 2010 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19609941

ABSTRACT

Gastric cancer is the second cancer causing death worldwide. Both incidence and mortality rates vary according to geographical regions. The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPAR) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation by mediating cell surface associated plasminogen activation, and its presence on gastric cancer cells is linked to micro-metastasis and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical analyses of a set of 44 gastric cancer lesions from Costa Rica showed expression of uPAR in cancer cells in both intestinal subtype (14 of 27) and diffuse subtype (10 of 17). We compared the expression pattern of uPAR in gastric cancers from a high-risk country (Costa Rica) with a low-risk country (Norway). We found uPAR on gastric cancer cells in 24 of 44 cases (54%) from Costa Rica and in 13 of 23 cases (56%) from Norway. uPAR was seen in macrophages and neutrophils in all cases. We also examined the nonneoplastic mucosa and found that uPAR was more frequently seen in epithelial cells located at the luminal edge of the crypts in cases with Helicobacter pylori infection than in similar epithelial cells in noninfected mucosa (p = 0.033; chi(2) = 4.54). In conclusion, the expression of uPAR in cancer cells in more than half of the gastric cancer cases suggests that their uPAR-positivity do not contribute to explain the different mortality rates between the 2 countries, however, the actual prevalence of uPAR-positive cancer cells in the gastric cancers may still provide prognostic information.


Subject(s)
Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Helicobacter Infections/metabolism , Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/biosynthesis , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Costa Rica , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Helicobacter pylori/cytology , Helicobacter pylori/immunology , Immunohistochemistry , Macrophages/metabolism , Macrophages/pathology , Microscopy, Confocal , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neutrophils/metabolism , Neutrophils/pathology , Norway , Prognosis , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Acta méd. costarric ; 51(2): 76-81, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700599

ABSTRACT

La infección por Helicobacter pylori produce, en algunos pacientes, inflamación crónica en el estómago, gastritis atrófica y cáncer gástrico. Los mecanismos moleculares que conducen de la infección a la inflamación crónica y al cáncer son desconocidos. La magnitud y el proceso de la inflamación dependen del tipo de cepa de H. pylori y de la respuesta del hospedero ante la infección. Esta respuesta inflamatoria está regulada por citoquinas, algunas de las cuales han sido asociadas con cambios en la secreción de ácido en el estómago y con el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico y varias lesiones gástricas precancerosas. Sin embargo, la relación entre citoquinas y cáncer gástrico no es del todo clara. Esta revisión se enfoca en los procesos inflamatorios asociados con el desarrollo del cáncer gástrico.


Helicobacter pylori infection results, in some patients, in chronic inflammation of the stomach, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms that lead from infection to chronic inflammation and gastric cancer are not understood. The degree of inflammation varies and depends on the H. pylori strain and the host response against the infection. The inflammatory response is regulated by cytokines, some of which have been associated with acid gastric secretion changes and with increased risk of stomach cancer and some precancerous lesions. Nevertheless, the relationship between cytokines and gastric cancer is not clear yet. This review focuses on the inflammatory processes associated with the development of gastric malignancies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Helicobacter pylori , Inflammation , Stomach Neoplasms
5.
World J Gastroenterol ; 14(42): 6481-7, 2008 Nov 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19030199

ABSTRACT

AIM: To determine the association of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) CagA(+) infection and pro-inflammatory polymorphisms of the genes interleukin (IL)-1RN and IL-1B with the risk of gastric atrophy and peptic ulcers in a dyspeptic population in Costa Rica, a country with high incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. METHODS: Seven biopsy specimens, a fasting blood sample and a questionnaire concerning nutritional and sociodemographic factors were obtained from 501 consecutive patients who had undergone endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. A histopathological diagnosis was made. Pepsinogen concentrations were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Infection with H pylori CagA(+) was determined by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR respectively. RESULTS: In this dyspeptic population, 86% were H pylori positive and of these, 67.8% were positive for CagA. Atrophic antral gastritis (AAG) was associated with CagA(+) status [odd ratio (OR) = 4.1; P < 0.000] and fruit consumption (OR = 0.3; P < 0.00). Atrophic body gastritis (ABG) was associated with pepsinogen PGI/PGII < 3.4 (OR = 4.9; P < 0.04) and alcohol consumption (OR = 7.3; P < 0.02). Duodenal ulcer was associated with CagA(+) (OR = 2.9; P < 0.04) and smoking (OR = 2.4; P < 0.04). PGI < 60 microg/L as well as PGI/PGII < 3.4 were associated with CagA(+). CONCLUSION: In a dyspeptic population in Costa Rica, H pylori CagA(+) is not associated with ABG, but it is a risk factor for AAG. The pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms IL-1B + 3945 and IL-1RN are not associated with the atrophic lesions of this dyspeptic population.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Gastritis/genetics , Helicobacter Infections/genetics , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/genetics , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Atrophy , Biopsy , Costa Rica , Diet/adverse effects , Dyspepsia/genetics , Dyspepsia/immunology , Dyspepsia/microbiology , Female , Gastritis/immunology , Gastritis/microbiology , Gastritis/pathology , Gastroscopy , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter Infections/immunology , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Pepsinogen A/blood , Pepsinogen C/blood , Peptic Ulcer/genetics , Peptic Ulcer/immunology , Peptic Ulcer/microbiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(3/4): 317-324, sept.-dic. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451261

ABSTRACT

El cáncer gástrico es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. Varios factores han sido asociados con el riesgo de llegar a desarrollarlo, entre ellos la predisposición genética. El gen p53 presenta un polimorfismo en el codón 72, el cual ha sido asociado con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar varios tipos de cáncer entre ellos el gástrico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación del polimorfismo localizado en el codón 72 del gen p53 con el riesgo de cáncer gástrico y lesiones gástricas leves en una población de alto riesgo de Costa Rica. El análisis del polimorfismo se llevó a cabo mediante PCR-RFLP, en una muestra de 58 pacientes de cáncer gástrico, 99 personas controles y 41 individuos clasificados como grupos I y II de acuerdo con la clasificación histológica japonesa. No se determinó asociación del polimorfismo del codón 72 de p53 con el riesgo de cáncer gástrico, ni de lesiones gástricas leves en la muestra estudiada. Con base en este estudio y otros que han investigado el polimorfismo del codón 72 del gen p53, no está claro el papel que podría estar jugando dicho polimorfismo en el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico. Mutaciones de novo en el gen p53 producidas durante el desarrollo neoplásico de la enfermedad podrían tener un mayor efecto que polimorfismos de línea germinal de este mismo gen. Existen otros genes polimórficos que también se han asociado con el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico


Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer associated death cause worldwide. Several factors have been associated with higher risk to develop gastric cancer, among them genetic predisposition. The p53 gene has a polymorphism located at codon 72, which has been associated with higher risk of several types of cancer, including gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association of p53, codon 72 polymorphism, with the risk of gastric cancer and pre-malignant lesions in a high-risk population from Costa Rica. The genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP in 58 gastric cancer patients, 99 controls and 41 individuals classified as group I or II, according to the Japanese histological classification. No association was found for p53, codon 72 polymorphism with neither the risk of gastric cancer nor the risk of less severe gastric lesions in the studied population. Based on this study and taking into account other studies carried out with p53, codon 72 polymorphism, the role of this polymorphism in the development of gastric cancer remains unclear. De novo mutations on p53 gene produced during neoplasic development of this disease might play a greater role than germinal polymorphisms of the gene. Other polymorphic genes have been associated with higher risk to develop gastric cancer


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Codon/genetics , /genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Costa Rica , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Rev Biol Trop ; 53(3-4): 317-24, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17354442

ABSTRACT

Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer associated death cause worldwide. Several factors have been associated with higher risk to develop gastric cancer, among them genetic predisposition. The p53 gene has a polymorphism located at codon 72. which has been associated with higher risk of several types of cancer, including gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association of p53, codon 72 polymorphism. with the risk of gastric cancer and pre-malignant lesions in a high-risk population from Costa Rica. The genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP in 58 gastric cancer patients, 99 controls and 41 individuals classified as group I or II. according to the Japanese histological classification. No association was found for p53. codon 72 polymorphism with neither the risk of gastric cancer nor the risk of less severe gastric lesions in the studied population. Based on this study and taking into account other studies carried out with p53, codon 72 polymorphism. the role of this polymorphismn in the development of gastric cancer remains unclear. De novo mutations on p53 gene produced during neoplasic development of this disease might play a greater role than germinal polymorphisms of the gene. Other polymorphic genes have been associated with higher risk to develop gastric cancer.


Subject(s)
Codon/genetics , Genes, p53/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Costa Rica , Female , Genetic Markers/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Risk Factors
8.
J Clin Microbiol ; 42(11): 5302-8, 2004 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15528729

ABSTRACT

The cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) is one of the major virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori. The chromosomal integrity of this island or the lack thereof is speculated to play an important role in the progress of the gastroduodenal pathology caused by H. pylori. We determined the integrity of the cag-PAI by using specific flanking and internally anchored PCR primers to know the biogeographical distribution of strains carrying fully integral cag-PAI with proinflammatory behavior in vivo. Genotypes based on eight selected loci were studied in 335 isolates obtained from eight different geographic regions. The cag-PAI appeared to be disrupted in the majority of patient isolates throughout the world. Conservation of cag-PAI was highest in Japanese isolates (57.1%). However, only 18.6% of the Peruvian and 12% of the Indian isolates carried an intact cag-PAI. The integrity of cag-PAI in European and African strains was minimal. All 10 strains from Costa Rica had rearrangements. Overall, a majority of the strains of East Asian ancestry were found to have intact cag-PAI compared to strains of other descent. We also found that the cagE and cagT genes were less often rearranged (18%) than the cagA gene (27%). We attempted to relate cag-PAI rearrangement patterns to disease outcome. Deletion frequencies of cagA, cagE, and cagT genes were higher in benign cases than in isolates from severe ulcers and gastric cancer. Conversely, the cagA promoter and the left end of the cag-PAI were frequently rearranged or deleted in isolates linked to severe pathology. Analysis of the cag-PAI genotypes with a different biogeoclimatic history will contribute to our understanding of the pathogen-host interaction in health and disease.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Gene Deletion , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Asia/epidemiology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Costa Rica/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology , Genotype , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , South Africa/epidemiology , Virulence
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(3): 591-600, sept. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501721

ABSTRACT

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in activation and detoxification of many potential carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms in those enzymes have been found to influence the interindividual susceptibility to cancer. Some polymorphisms of those enzymes have been associated specifically with susceptibility to gastric cancer. We conducted a study in a Costa Rican population, where gastric cancer incidence and mortality rates are among the highest in the world. We investigated whether such variations affected the risk of developing gastric cancer. Subjects included 31 with gastric cancer, 58 controls with gastric injures others than cancer and 51 normal controls confirmed by X-rays (double-contrast) or endoscopic diagnostic. DNA from peripheral white blood cell was obtained from all subjects. Deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 was assessed by multiplex PCR and genotyping of CYP2E1 was performed using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay with the restriction enzyme PstI and the gene CYP1A1 using the restriction enzyme MspI The prevalence of CYP1A1 Msp1 polymorphism, GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was similar in the three groups of individuals (p = 0.73, p = 0.88 y p = 0.89 respectively). Our findings suggest that the polymorphism CYP2E1 PstI could be associated with a reduced risk of having gastric cancer (OR = 0.09, IC95%:0.01 - 0.83).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/genetics , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , /genetics , /genetics , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Genotype , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severity of Illness Index
10.
Rev Biol Trop ; 52(3): 591-600, 2004 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17361553

ABSTRACT

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in activation and detoxification of many potential carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms in those enzymes have been found to influence the interindividual susceptibility to cancer. Some polymorphisms of those enzymes have been associated specifically with susceptibility to gastric cancer. We conducted a study in a Costa Rican population, where gastric cancer incidence and mortality rates are among the highest in the world. We investigated whether such variations affected the risk of developing gastric cancer. Subjects included 31 with gastric cancer, 58 controls with gastric injures others than cancer and 51 normal controls confirmed by X-rays (double-contrast) or endoscopic diagnostic. DNA from peripheral white blood cell was obtained from all subjects. Deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 was assessed by multiplex PCR and genotyping of CYP2E1 was performed using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay with the restriction enzyme PstI and the gene CYP1A1 using the restriction enzyme MspI The prevalence of CYP1A1 Msp1 polymorphism, GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was similar in the three groups of individuals (p = 0.73, p = 0.88 y p = 0.89 respectively). Our findings suggest that the polymorphism CYP2E1 PstI could be associated with a reduced risk of having gastric cancer (OR = 0.09, IC95%:0.01 - 0.83).


Subject(s)
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/genetics , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology
11.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 37(4): 357-362, dic. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-4156

ABSTRACT

Las concentraciones de pepsinógenos (PG) I y II en suero, reflejan el estado funcional y morfológico de la mucosa gástrica. En este estudio se determinaron los puntos de corte óptimos de los niveles séricos de PGI, PGII y de la razón PGI/PGII, para identificar a las personas con alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico en una población de alto riesgo en Costa Rica. La población en estudio estaba formada por 338 personas sin cáncer gástrico y por 20 pacientes con cáncer gástrico. Los niveles de PGI y el valor de PGI/PGII fueron significativamente más bajos en las personas con cáncer gástrico que en los controles. Los puntos de corte óptimos para la detección de cáncer gástrico fueron de PGI 2,5. Usando estos puntos de corte la sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 90 y 64 por ciento. Las concentraciones bajas de PGI y valores bajos de PGI/PGII indican alto riesgo de presentar un cáncer gástrico. El tamizaje por medio de pepsinógenos es simple y relativamente barato, sin embargo el beneficio real de esta prueba debe determinarse en el impacto sobre las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer gástrico (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pepsinogen A/blood , Pepsinogen C/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology , Costa Rica , Pepsinogen A/diagnosis , Pepsinogen C/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Predictive Value of Tests
12.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 37(4): 357-362, dic. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-383823

ABSTRACT

Las concentraciones de pepsinógenos (PG) I y II en suero, reflejan el estado funcional y morfológico de la mucosa gástrica. En este estudio se determinaron los puntos de corte óptimos de los niveles séricos de PGI, PGII y de la razón PGI/PGII, para identificar a las personas con alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico en una población de alto riesgo en Costa Rica. La población en estudio estaba formada por 338 personas sin cáncer gástrico y por 20 pacientes con cáncer gástrico. Los niveles de PGI y el valor de PGI/PGII fueron significativamente más bajos en las personas con cáncer gástrico que en los controles. Los puntos de corte óptimos para la detección de cáncer gástrico fueron de PGI ¾ 2,5. Usando estos puntos de corte la sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 90 y 64 por ciento. Las concentraciones bajas de PGI y valores bajos de PGI/PGII indican alto riesgo de presentar un cáncer gástrico. El tamizaje por medio de pepsinógenos es simple y relativamente barato, sin embargo el beneficio real de esta prueba debe determinarse en el impacto sobre las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer gástrico


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor , Pepsinogen A/blood , Pepsinogen C/blood , Stomach Neoplasms , Costa Rica , Pepsinogen A , Pepsinogen C , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Stomach Neoplasms
13.
Acta méd. costarric ; 45(2): 57-61, abr-jun. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-359590

ABSTRACT

Justificación y objetivo: H. pylori es un factor importante en el desarrollo de diversos tipos de patologías gástricas como: gastritis crónica, úlcera péptica, adenocarcinoma tipo intestinal y linfoma. Erradicar la infección es una importante posibilidad en la terapia de los pacientes con esas patologías. En el estudios se analizó la utilidad de la triple terapia para erradicar de la infección por H. pylori en pacientes con gastritis crónica y úlcera péptica. Métodos: Se incluyeron 267 pacientes que atendieron el Servicio de gastroenterología del HCG, entre enero y mayo de 2000. La presencia de H. pylori fue dterminada por ureasa rápida, cultivo y antígenos fecales específicos. Se determinó la CIM de algunos aislamientos mediante la prueba de E-test. Los pacientes recibieron triple terapia con amoxicilina (1000 mg bid vo), claritromicina (500 mg bid vo - Claritrobac,) y omeprazole (20 mg bid vo - Proton,), por 10 días. La erradicación de la infección se definió como presencia de H. pylori al principio del tratamiento y un resultado negativo en la prueba de antígenos fecales específicos, entre 30 y 45 días después de finalizado el tratamiento. Resultados: De los 267 pacientes que recibieron la triple terapia, 189 (70.8 por ciento) la completaron. La erradicación de la bacteria se confirmó en 127 (84,7 por ciento) de los pacientes que completaron el tratamiento. Treinta y siete (94,9 por ciento) de los 39 pacientes con diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica erradicaron la bacteria. La erradicación fue exitosa incluso en pacientes portadores de cepas que mostraron resistencia in vitro a amoxicilina o a claritromicina, aunque en este estudio la presencia de cepas sensibles no predice el éxito del tratamiento en todos los casos. Conclusión: La triple terapia basada en amoxicilina (1000 mg bid vo), claritromicina (500 mg bid vo - Claritrobac,) y omeprazole (20 mg bid vo - Proton,), por 10 días, erradicó la infección por H. pylori en el 84,7 por ciento de los pacientes que cumplieron el tratamiento, incluyeron a 37 de 39 pacientes (94,9 por ciento) con enfermedad úlcero-péptica. La triple terapia por 10 días constituye una opción exitosa para erradicar de la infección por H. pylori. Descriptores: Helicobacter pylori, triple terapia, resistencia a antibióticos, amoxicilina, claritromicina, omeprazole.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amoxicillin , Clarithromycin , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Omeprazole , Costa Rica
14.
Acta méd. costarric ; 44(2): 55-61, abr.-jun. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-403909

ABSTRACT

El cáncer gástrico es una de las neoplasias que produce mayor mortalidad en la población mundial. A pesar de que las tasas de incidencia están disminuyendo, sigue siendo un problema de salud pública. La información y el conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de este tumor es abundante. Aquí se presenta una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre los factores de riesgo mejor documentados y aceptados por la comunidad científica: infección por Helicobacter pylori, dieta, susceptibilidad genética y nivel socioeconómico. Además, se analizan formas de enfrentar esta patología, por medio de la prevención (consumo de frutas y verduras) y la detección temprana con Rayos X y marcadores biológicos (pepsinógenos séricos), en poblaciones o grupos identificados como de alto riesgo. Se hace hincapié en las interrogaciones y retos que plantean los nuevos conocimientos. Descriptores: Cáncer gástrico, Helicobacter pylori, susceptibiblidad genética, interleucinas, dieta, prevención, detección temprana, pepsinógenos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Helicobacter pylori , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms , Costa Rica
15.
Rev. costarric. salud pública ; 8(14): 37-43, jul. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581160

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Erradicar H. pylori en pacientes dispépticos de una población de alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico. Población y métodos: A 174 pacientes dispépticos, de una población de alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico, se les determinó la prevalencia de infección por H. pylori y la tasa de erradicación ocho semanas después de recibir: amoxicilina, subcitrato de bismuto y metronidazol. Resultados: El 98% los pacientes estaban infectados. Se erradicó la bacteria sólo en el 10.8% de los 83 pacientes que tomaron más del 75% de los medicamentos. Conclusiones: Las características ecológicas y socioeconómicas de los países tropicales en desarrollo hacen que se usen, mal usen y abuse de los antibióticos, desde la infancia, lo que posibilita la presencia de cepas resistentes a los antibióticos, especialmente al metronidazol. Este hecho junto con la alta probabilidad de infección y reinfección cuestiona el empleo de tratamientos que no hayan sido validados en esos países. Los esfuerzos deberían dirigirse a conocer el comportamiento de la bacteria y su trasmisión con miras a prevenir la infección y a la búsqueda de una vacuna.


Objetive: Elimination H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from a population at high-risk for gastric cancer. Population and methods: In 174 dyspeptic patients from a population at high-risk for gastric cancer, the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection and the percent erradication at 8 weeks after treatment with amoxicillin, bismuth subsalicylate and metronidazole were determined. Results: 98% of patients were infected. The bacteria was eliminated in only 10.8% of the 83 patients who took more than 75% of the medicines. Conclusions: Due to ecological and socioeconomical characteristics of tropical countries, frequent use and abuse of antibiotics exists from infancy and this facilitates the presence of strains which are resistant to antibiotics, particularly metronidazole. This finding, together with the high probability of infection and reinfection, question the use of treatments that have not been validated in these countries. Efforts should be directed towards determinnig the behaviour of the bacteria and its transmission in order to prevent infection and search for an effective vaccine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Amoxicillin , Bismuth , Dyspepsia , Metronidazole , Costa Rica
16.
Rev. méd. Costa Rica Centroam ; 63(537): 147-51, oct.-dic. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-202799

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio se comparan sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivos y negativos de dos métodos de tinción : Warthin-Starry y Giménez, utilizando como referencia la técnica de cultivo para el diagnóstico de Helicobacter pylori, en biopsias gástricas. De los 49 pacientes estudiados, el 71.4 por ciento fueron positivos por la técnica de cultivo y el 69.4 por ciento por ambas tinciones. Para las tinciones de Warthin-Starry y Giménez se obtuvo una sensibilidad y especificidad de 97 por ciento y 85.7 por ciento y de 97.7 por ciento y 78.6 por ciento respectivamente. Los valores predictivos positivos y negativos para los dos tinciones fueron de alrededor de un 90 por ciento. Aún cuando el cultivo no es el método más sensible de diagnosticar la infección por H. pylori permanece como el más específico. Ambs tinciones demostraron correlación con el cultivo bacteriano para el diagnóstico de H. pylori.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Methods , Costa Rica
19.
Article in English | PAHO | ID: pah-13935

ABSTRACT

The incidence of cervical cancer in Costa Rica is about twice as high in the coastal regions as in the interior. To study these regional variation, we used data from a 1986-1987 case-control study of 192 Costa Rican women with invasive cervical cancer and 372 controls. Risk factors identified included the following: The study participant's (1) number of sexual partner, (2) age at first sexual intercourse, (3) number of live births, (4) presence of type 16/18 human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, (5) venereal disease (VD) history, (6) Pap smear history, and (7) socioeconomic status. The adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) for each of these risk factors were as follows: (1) -4 vs. 1 sexual partner: RR = 2.0,95 percent CI = 1.1-3.5; (2) age of initiation -15 vs. 18 years: RR = 1.5, 95 percent CI = 0.9-2.5; (3) -6 vs. -1 live birth: RR = 1.7, 95 percent CI = 0.7-3.9; (4) HPV 16/18 DNA in cervix: RR = 2.8, 95 percent CI = 1.9-4.2; (5) VD history: RR = 2.2, 95 percent CI 1.2-4.0; (6) no Pap smear; RR = 2.4 95 percent CI = 1.5-3.8; and (7) low socioeconomic status: RR = 2.0, 95 percent CI = 1.2-3.2. The population-attibutable risk related to HPV detection, four or more sexual partners, six or more live births, no prior Pap smear, and low socioeconomic status were 39 percent, 38 percent, 29 percent, and 22 percent, respectively


Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Costa Rica
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