ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Las aves de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Oriental en Santander han sido poco estudiadas. La Serranía de los Yariguíes y zonas aledañas, al norte del municipio de El Peñón, han sido muestreados en la última década con nuevas subespecies descritas y ampliaciones de distribución. Estudiamos las aves de la parte alta del municipio de El Peñón entre los 2750 a 2850 m s.n.m. durante ocho días de campo en agosto de 2016, mediante captura con redes de niebla y observaciones visuales y auditivas en bosques de roble. Registramos 77 especies de aves pertenecientes a 13 órdenes y 29 familias. La familia mejor representada fue Tyrannidae (Atrapamoscas) con 12 especies, seguida por Trochilidae (Colibríes) con nueve y Thraupidae (Fruteros y afines) con ocho. Registramos la ampliación de distribución geográfica para la endémica Pyrrhyra calliptera para el flanco occidental de la Cordillera Oriental, la segunda localidad para Macroagelaius subalaris para este flanco y al sur de los registros conocidos de la Serranía de los Yariguíes, ampliaciones menores o confirmación de presencia para 18 especies y otras 11 poco conocidas para este flanco. Casi el 45 % de los individuos capturados presentaron indicios de actividad reproductiva (parches de incubación o gónadas desarrolladas). Así mismo, 50 % de los individuos se encontraban mudando el plumaje, donde 15 % presentaron solapamiento entre muda y reproducción. Aunque comparte especies con los bosques al norte y sur, los bosques de roble remanentes están en buen estado e inmersos entre ecosistemas cársticos poco conocidos.
ABSTRACT Birds from the western slope of the East Andean Cordillera at Santander have been little studied. Serranía de los Yariguies and nearby areas, just north of El Peñon, have been studied in the last decade with new subspecies described and new range extensions. We studied birds from oak forests from the upper part of the municipality of El Peñon between 2750 and 2850 m a.s.l during eight field days during August 2016. Surveys included vocal and visual observations and mist netting. We report 77 species belonging to 13 different Orders and 29 Families. The best-represented family was Tyrannidae (Flycatchers) with 12 species, followed by Trochilidae (Hummingbirds) with nine and Thraupidae (fruit eaters and allies) with eight. Mayor range extensions were made for the endemic Pyrrhura calliptera - Brown-breasted Parakeet from the eastern to the western flack, confirmed a second locality for Macroagelaius subalaris-Colombian Mountain Grackle south of previously known Serranía de los Yariguies, minor range extensions or confirmed presence records for 18 species and new information for 11 poorly known species for this flank. Almost 45 % of all captured individuals showed reproductive activity (brood patches or developed gonads). 50 % of individuals were molting feathers, where 15 % showed some overlap between reproduction and molt. Even though species are shared with other forests to the north and south, the remnant oak forests are in good condition and immersed in karst ecosystems poorly known.
ABSTRACT
The catalog of type specimens of birds deposited in the Bird Collection of Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-A) is presented. The list includes 10 specimens representing two holotypes and eight paratypes of three nominal species and five nominal subspecies. Three specimens also have tissues deposited in the Tissue Collection of the Instituto Humboldt (IAvH-CT). Corrections, additions, and updated information of the original descriptions and geographic locations are included as individual remarks for each catalog number and a gallery of photographs of each specimen is provided. An online version of the catalog is available at: http://colecciones.humboldt.org.co/catalogos/tiposaves.
Subject(s)
Birds , Animals , ColombiaABSTRACT
Colombia is the country with the largest number of bird species worldwide, yet its avifauna is seriously threatened by habitat degradation and poaching. We built a DNA barcode library of nearly half of the bird species listed in the CITES appendices for Colombia, thereby constructing a species identification reference that will help in global efforts for controlling illegal species trade. We obtained the COI barcode sequence of 151 species based on 281 samples, representing 46% of CITES bird species registered for Colombia. The species analysed belong to nine families, where Trochilidae and Psittacidae are the most abundant ones. We sequenced for the first time the DNA barcode of 47 species, mainly hummingbirds endemic of the Northern Andes region. We found a correct match between morphological and genetic identification for 86-92% of the species analysed, depending on the cluster analysis performed (BIN, ABGD and TaxonDNA). Additionally, we identified eleven cases of high intraspecific divergence based on K2P genetic distances (up to 14.61%) that could reflect cryptic diversity. In these cases, the specimens were collected in geographically distant sites such as different mountain systems, opposite flanks of the mountain or different elevations. Likewise, we found two cases of possible hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. This survey constitutes the first attempt to build the DNA barcode library of endangered bird species in Colombia establishing as a reference for management programs of illegal species trade, and providing major insights of phylogeographic structure that can guide future taxonomic research.
