ABSTRACT
At the end of 2016, Brazil experienced an unprecedented yellow fever (YF) outbreak. Clinical, molecular and ecological aspects of human and non-human primate (NHP) samples collected at the beginning of the outbreak are described in this study. Spatial distribution analyses demonstrated a strong overlap between human and NHP cases. Through molecular analyses, we showed that the outbreak had a sylvatic origin, caused by the South American genotype 1 YFV, which has already been shown to circulate in Brazil. As expected, the clusters of cases were identified in regions with a low vaccination coverage. Our findings highlight the importance of the synchronization of animal surveillance and health services to identify emerging YF cases, thereby promoting a better response to the vulnerable population.
Subject(s)
Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow fever virus/genetics , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification , Aedes/virology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Primates/microbiologyABSTRACT
In this paper, a 5 DOF trans-humeral robotic prosthesis: MoBio is proposed. MoBio includes 2 DOF at wrist which is rare in other trans-humeral prostheses. Through anthropometric features MoBio prosthetic arm can achieve elbow flexion/extension, forearm supination/pronation, wrist radial/ulnar deviation, wrist flexion/extension and compound motion of thumb and index finger. An EMG based control method which uses EMG signals of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, is used with a motion switching mechanism to control the prosthesis. Experimental results have verified the usability and effectiveness of MoBio in performing Activities of Daily Living.