ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of Morinda citrifolia fruit aqueous extract (AE) in high-fat/high-fructose-fed Swiss mice. The food intake, body weight, serum biochemical, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as histological analyses of the liver, pancreatic, and epididymal adipose tissue, were used to determine the biochemical and histological parameters. The chemical profile of the extract was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-MS), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the gene expressions involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), -α (PPAR-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), and fetuin-A. Seventeen compounds were tentatively identified, including iridoids, noniosides, and the flavonoid rutin. The higher dose of AE (AE 500 mg/kg) was demonstrated to improve the glucose tolerance; however, both doses did not have effects on the other metabolic and histological parameters. AE at 500 mg/kg downregulated the PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and fetuin-A mRNA in the liver and upregulated the PPAR-α mRNA in white adipose tissue, suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects could be associated with the expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis.
Subject(s)
Glucose/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Morinda/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Adipose Tissue , Animals , Diet, High-Fat , Female , Fructose , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism , Lipogenesis/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/chemically induced , Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy , Mice , PPAR alpha/metabolism , PPAR gamma/metabolism , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and its association with socio-demographic, economic, and anthropometric variables, as well as levels of physical activity among undergraduate students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 348 undergraduate students at the dining hall of a public Brazilian university located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Body image perception was evaluated using the Silhouette Matching Task. The other variables assessed were sex, age, marital status, housing conditions, socioeconomic class, weight, height, waist circumference and physical activity levels. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to verify the association between the dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: Of the interviewees, 55.7% were men. The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was 59.8% among men and 55.2% among women. Dissatisfaction for being overweight, between men and women, was higher in overweight individuals when compared to normal weight individuals, according to the body mass index, and also higher in those at risk for cardiovascular disease when compared to those who were not at risk. The dissatisfaction for being thin was higher among women with low weight when compared to normal weight women, according to body mass index. There was no association between dissatisfaction for being thin and the variables analyzed among men. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was observed in more than half of the individuals evaluated and is associated with nutritional status. Knowing the consequences of dissatisfaction with body image helps highlight the need for intervention strategies to avoid the practice of unhealthy behaviors.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Personal Satisfaction , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and its association with socio-demographic, economic, and anthropometric variables, as well as levels of physical activity among undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 348 undergraduate students at the dining hall of a public Brazilian university located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Body image perception was evaluated using the Silhouette Matching Task. The other variables assessed were sex, age, marital status, housing conditions, socioeconomic class, weight, height, waist circumference and physical activity levels. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to verify the association between the dependent and independent variables. Results: Of the interviewees, 55.7% were men. The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was 59.8% among men and 55.2% among women. Dissatisfaction for being overweight, between men and women, was higher in overweight individuals when compared to normal weight individuals, according to the body mass index, and also higher in those at risk for cardiovascular disease when compared to those who were not at risk. The dissatisfaction for being thin was higher among women with low weight when compared to normal weight women, according to body mass index. There was no association between dissatisfaction for being thin and the variables analyzed among men. Conclusion: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was observed in more than half of the individuals evaluated and is associated with nutritional status. Knowing the consequences of dissatisfaction with body image helps highlight the need for intervention strategies to avoid the practice of unhealthy behaviors.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, antropométricas e atividade física de universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 348 universitários que frequentavam o restaurante universitário de uma universidade pública no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A percepção da imagem corporal foi avaliada pelo Silhouette Matching Task. As demais variáveis avaliadas foram sexo, idade, condição marital, condição de moradia, classe econômica, peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e nível de atividade física. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis dependente e independente, foi realizada regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: Dentre os entrevistados, 55,7% eram homens. A prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 59,8% entre os homens e de 55,2% entre as mulheres. A insatisfação pelo excesso de peso, entre homens e mulheres, foi maior nos indivíduos com excesso de peso, quando comparados aos eutróficos, segundo o índice de massa corporal, e também maior naqueles com risco para doenças cardiovasculares, quando comparados aos que não apresentaram risco. A insatisfação pela magreza foi maior entre as mulheres com baixo peso quando comparadas às eutróficas, segundo o índice de massa corporal. Entre os homens, não houve associação da insatisfação com a magreza e as variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: A prevalência da insatisfação corporal foi registrada em mais da metade dos indivíduos avaliados e esteve associada ao estado nutricional. Sabendo das consequências da insatisfação corporal, vale destacar a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção, no sentido de evitar a prática de condutas comportamentais não saudáveis.
