Description of new species of Mycobacterium terrae complex isolated from sewage at the São Paulo zoological park foundation in Brazil.

Five mycobacterial isolates from sewage were classified as members of the genus Mycobacterium but presented inconclusive species assignments. Thus, the isolates (MYC017, MYC098, MYC101, MYC123 and MYC340) were analyzed by phenotypical, biochemical, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and genomic features to clarify their taxonomic position. Phenotypic analysis and biochemical tests did not distinguish these isolates from other non-pigmented mycobacteria. In contrast, MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that isolates were not related to any previously described Mycobacterium species. Comparative genomic analysis showed values of ANI and dDDH between 81.59-85.56% and 24.4-28.8%, respectively, when compared to the genomes of species of this genus. In addition, two (MYC101 and MYC123) presented indistinguishable protein spectra from each other and values of ANI = 98.57% and dDDH = 97.3%, therefore being considered as belonging to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the five isolates within the Mycobacterium terrae complex (MTC) but in a specific subclade and separated from the species already described and supported by 100% bootstrap value, confirming that they are part of this complex but different from earlier described species. According to these data, we propose the description of four new species belonging to the Mycobacterium genus: (i) Mycobacterium defluvii sp. nov. strain MYC017T (= ATCC TSD-296T = JCM 35364T), (ii) Mycobacterium crassicus sp. nov. strain MYC098T (= ATCC TSD-297T = JCM 35365T), (iii) Mycobacterium zoologicum sp. nov. strain MYC101T (= ATCC TSD-298T = JCM 35366T) and MYC123 (= ATCC BAA-3216 = JCM 35367); and (iv) Mycobacterium nativiensis sp. nov. strain MYC340T (= ATCC TSD-299T = JCM 35368T).

Multi-Approach Characterization of Novel Pyrene-Degrading Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum Isolates Lacking nid Genes.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds that are widespread in the environment, arising from the incomplete combustion of organic material, as well as from human activities involving petrol exploitation, petrochemical industrial waste, gas stations, and environmental disasters. PAHs of high molecular weight, such as pyrene, have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and are considered pollutants. The microbial degradation of PAHs occurs through the action of multiple dioxygenase genes (nid), which are localized in genomic island denominate region A, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases genes (cyp) dispersed in the bacterial genome. This study evaluated pyrene degradation by five isolates of Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP assay), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CG/MS), and genomic analyses. Two isolates (MYC038 and MYC040) exhibited pyrene degradation indexes of 96% and 88%, respectively, over a seven-day incubation period. Interestingly, the genomic analyses showed that the isolates do not have nid genes, which are involved in PAH biodegradation, despite their ability to degrade pyrene, suggesting that degradation may occur due to the presence of cyp150 genes, or even genes that have not yet been described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolates without nid genes demonstrating the ability to degrade pyrene.

Natural vertical cotransmission of Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti in Brumado, Bahia, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Arthropod-borne viruses have recently emerged and are pathogens of various human diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. METHODS: We collectedAedes aegyptilarvae (N = 20) from Brumado, Bahia, Brazil, and treated and individually preserved the specimens. We analyzed the samples for dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses using molecular biology methods. RESULTS: We found that 25% (N = 5) and 15% (N = 3) were positive exclusively for dengue and chikungunya viruses, respectively; 15% (N = 3) were coinfected with both. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of dengue and chikungunya virus coinfection in A. aegypti larvae.

Natural vertical cotransmission of Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus from Aedes aegypti in Brumado, Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Arthropod-borne viruses have recently emerged and are pathogens of various human diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. Methods: We collectedAedes aegyptilarvae (N = 20) from Brumado, Bahia, Brazil, and treated and individually preserved the specimens. We analyzed the samples for dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses using molecular biology methods. Results: We found that 25% (N = 5) and 15% (N = 3) were positive exclusively for dengue and chikungunya viruses, respectively; 15% (N = 3) were coinfected with both. Conclusions: This is the first report of dengue and chikungunya virus coinfection in A. aegypti larvae.

Simultaneous circulation of zakat, dengue, and chikungunya viruses and their vertical co-transmission among Aedes aegypti.

The outbreaks caused by the Aedes aegypti-transmitted dengue virus (DENV), zakat virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) result in a significant impact to the health systems of tropical countries. Furthermore, the occurrence of patients coinfected by at least two of these arboviruses is an aggravating factor in that scenario. On this basis, surveillance tools such as the Rapid Index Survey for Aedes aegypti (LIRAa) are used to estimate vector infestation in order to improve the prediction of human outbreaks. Ae. aegypti eggs were collected in the city of Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia State, Brazil, and subsequently hatched into larvae, which were analyzed in pools or individually for the presence of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV by molecular biology methods. The detection data for arboviruses were crossed with the LIRAa obtained in each region of the study city. Thirty larvae pools were analyzed, and fourteen (46.6%) of them were detected positive for DENV, ZIKV, and/or CHIKV. Among the individually analyzed larvae (n = 30), nine (30%) were positive for any of these arboviruses, and four (13.3%) were simultaneously coinfected by DENV and ZIKV. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the detection of circulating arboviruses and LIRAa. The simultaneous Ae. aegypti larvae infection by two different arboviruses is an unprecedented finding. This result suggests the occurrence of a vertical arboviruses co-transmission from the female mosquito to its offspring in nature. The occurrence of concomitant circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in Ae. aegypti from a single study region is another finding of this article. Finally, LIRAa seems to not only estimate vector infestation but also to predict circulation of arboviruses.

Diversity of Mycobacteriaceae from aquatic environment at the São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation in Brazil.

We investigated the species diversity of Mycobacteriaceae in surface water samples from six environments at the zoological park in São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred and eighty isolates were cultivated and identified by phenotypic characteristics (growth rate and pigmentation) and sequencing of hsp65, rpoB and 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that almost 48% of the isolates could be identified at the species level; about 50% were classified at the genus level, and only less than 2% of the isolates showed an inconclusive identification. The isolates classified at the genus level and not identified were then evaluated by phylogenetic analyses using the same three concatenated target genes. The results allowed us to identify at the genus level some isolates that previously had inconclusive identification, and they also suggested the presence of putative candidate species within the sample, demonstrating that this zoological park is an important source of diversity.

Arginase-1 and Treg Profile Appear to Modulate Inflammatory Process in Patients with Chronic Gastritis: IL-33 May Be the Alarm Cytokine in H. pylori-Positive Patients.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent bacterium in our environment, directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Several molecules activating the immune system have been reported to be involved in containing H. pylori infection. This study is aimed at analyzing the mRNA expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-ß, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-33; transcription factors T-bet, RORC, and FOXP3; enzymes ARG1, ARG2, and NOS2; and neuropeptides VIP and TAC and their respective receptors VIPR1 and TACR1 in the stomach lining of patients with severe digestive disorders. One hundred and twenty six patients have been evaluated, presenting with symptoms in the upper digestive tract, with the clinical indication for an Upper Digestive Endoscopy exam. Two fragments of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum have been collected for anatomopathological examination and to analyze the expression of enzymes, cytokines, and transcription factors using qPCR. Expression of the ARG1 gene was seen as significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic inactive gastritis than in the control group. Expression of the TGF-ß gene and its FOXP3 transcription factor was significantly higher in the group of chronic inactive gastritis patients than in the control. Expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-ß and the transcription factors, T-bet and RORC, in the presence or absence of H. pylori showed no significant difference. However, the expression of FOXP3 was significantly lower in H. pylori-positive patients than that in H. pylori-negative patients. ARG1 and Treg profile appeared to be modulating the inflammatory process, protecting patients from the tissue lesions with chronic inactive gastritis. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-33 may be a crucial mediator of the immune response against an infection, after gastric mucosal damage.

Characterization of novel hydrocarbon-degrading Gordonia paraffinivorans and Gordonia sihwensis strains isolated from composting.

Hydrocarbons are important environmental pollutants, and the isolation and characterization of new microorganisms with the ability to degrade these compounds are important for effective biodegradation. In this work we isolated and characterized several bacterial isolates from compost, a substrate rich in microbial diversity. The isolates were obtained from selective culture medium containing n-hexadecane, aiming to recover alkane-degraders. Six isolates identified as Gordonia by MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing had the ability to degrade n-hexadecane in three days. Two isolates were selected for genomic and functional characterization, Gordonia paraffinivorans (MTZ052) and Gordonia sihwensis (MTZ096). The CG-MS results showed distinct n-hexadecane degradation rates for MTZ052 and MTZ096 (86% and 100% respectively). The genome sequence showed that MTZ052 encodes only one alkane degrading gene cluster, the CYP153 system, while MTZ096 harbors both the Alkane Hydroxylase (AH) and the CYP153 systems. qPCR showed that both gene clusters are induced by the presence of n-hexadecane in the growth medium, suggesting that G. paraffinivorans and G. sihwensis use these systems for degradation. Altogether, our results indicate that these Gordonia isolates have a good potential for biotransformation of hydrocarbons.

Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women from the 18th Health Region of Paraná State.

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women in a public health service. Methods A study of 496 pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks was conducted from September 2011 to March 2014 in 21 municipalities of the 18th Health Region of Paraná State. Vaginal and anorectal samples of each woman were plated on sheep blood agar, and in HPTH and Todd-Hewitt enrichment broths. Results Of the 496 pregnant women, 141 (28.4%) were positive for GBS based on the combination of the three culture media with vaginal and anorectal samples. The prevalence was 23.7% for vaginal samples and 21.9% for anorectal ones. Among the variables analyzed in this study, only urinary infection was a significant factor (0.026) associated with GBS colonization in women. Conclusions Based on these results, health units should performs universal screening of pregnant women and hospitals should provide adequate prophylaxis, when indicated.

Reinserção escolar e leucemia: tradução e adaptação do questionário comportamental Deasy-Spinetta / School Reintegration and Leukemia: Translation and Adaptation of Deasy-Spinetta's Behavioral Questionnaire / Reintegración Escolar y Leucemia: Traducción y Adaptación del Cuestionario de Comportamiento Deasy-Spinetta

O Questionário Comportamental Deasy-Spinetta (DSBQ) proporciona importante contribuição ao acompanhamento da reinserção escolar de crianças com câncer, notadamente àquelas diagnosticadas com Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA), principal grupo de sobreviventes na oncologia pediátrica. O DSBQ investiga aspectos emocionais, de aprendizagem e socialização distribuídos em 38 questões. O presente estudo realizou a tradução e adaptação transcultural do DSBQ para o português brasileiro a partir de seis etapas: solicitação da autorização dos autores para a submissão do instrumento ao procedimento de tradução e adaptação transcultural; tradução e tradução reversa (back translation); comparação da tradução reversa com a versão inicial; julgamento de juízes quanto a necessidade de revisão dos itens e∕ou necessidade de adequações semânticas, e; administração da versão brasileira em 20 professores para avaliação da inteligibilidade dos itens. Os docentes avaliaram a versão final do instrumento traduzido e adaptado como adequado e compreensível, observado no acordo um valor bruto consensual de 81%. A concordância verificada com auxílio do Kappa de Fleiss foi de 0,6882 (±0.0247), indicando concordância substancial. O desenvolvimento, tradução e adaptação de instrumentos voltados à compreensão das alterações que repercutem no contexto escolar de crianças com LLA são essenciais dado a escassez de tais ferramentas, os frequentes relatos de dificuldades escolares e a necessidade de caracterização dos efeitos transitórios e tardios associados ao adoecimento e ao tratamento do câncer infantil que afetam o desenvolvimento escolar e a qualidade de vida desse subgrupo clínico.

The Deasy-Spinetta Behavior Questionnaire (DSBQ) offers an important contribution to the monitoring of school reintegration of children with cancer, especially those diagnosed with Acute Limphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which account for the main survivors group in pediatric oncology. DSBQ investigates emotional, learning and socialization dimensions through 38 questions. The present study carried out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DSBQ to Brazilian Portuguese on the basis of six steps: approval request of DSBQ authors for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument; translation and reverse translation (or back translation); comparison of reverse translation with the original French version; assessment of a specialist committee regarding the need of items review and/or semantic adjustment; the submission of 20 teachers to Brazilian version in order to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Teachers considered the final version of the translated and adapted instrument as appropriate and intelligible, since a final consensus gross value of 81% was verified. The degree of agreement between raters was 0.6882 (±0.0247), which indicates a substantial agreement according to Fleiss' Kappa measure. The development, translation and adaptation of foreign instruments tailored to the comprehension of impairments that impact educational context of children with ALL is crucial, given the lack of such assessment tools, the frequent report of learning disabilities among these children and the need to characterize the transient and late effects associated to illness and to the treatment of childhood cancer, which affect scholar development and quality of life of this clinical subgroup.

El Cuestionario Conductual Deasy-Spinetta (DSBQ) presenta una importante contribución contribuye al acompañamiento de la reintegración escolar de niños con cáncer, especialmente aquellas diagnosticadas con Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA), el principal grupo de supervivientes de la oncología pediátrica. El DSBQ investiga aspectos emocionales, de aprendizaje y socialización distribuidos en 38 cuestiones. El presente estudio realizó la adaptación transcultural del DSBQ para el portugués brasileño a partir de seis etapas: solicitación de autorización de los autores para la sumisión del instrumento a los procedimientos de adaptación transcultural; traducción de la versión francesa del instrumento para el portugués brasileño; traducción reversa (back translation) del portugués brasileño para la lengua francesa; comparación de la traducción reversa con la versión inicial; evaluación de jueces en cuanto la necesidad de revisión de los ítems y/o adecuaciones semánticas y; administración de la versión brasileña con 20 profesores para evaluar la inteligibilidad de los ítems. Los profesores evaluaron la versión final del instrumento adaptado como adecuado y comprensible, y fue observado en el acuerdo un valor bruto consensual de 81%. La concordancia verificada con auxilio del Kappa de Fleiss fue de 0,6882 (±0.0247), indicando concordancia substancial. El desarrollo y la adaptación de instrumentos diseñados para la comprensión de las alteraciones que repercuten en el contexto escolar de niños con LLA es esencial dada la escasez de tales herramientas, los relatos de dificultades escolares y la necesidad de caracterización de los efectos asociados a la enfermedad y al tratamiento del cáncer infantil que afectan la calidad de vida de este subgrupo clínico.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em gestantes adolescentes / Prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant adolescents

Objective: to verify depressive symptoms in pregnant adolescents in the basic health unit. Methods:Fifty-five adolescents were interviewed. For collecting data, two instruments were used: one toobtain social and demographic data, obstetric data, familiar relations and violence events, and aquestionnaire to assess depressive symptoms - Beck's Depression Inventory. Results: 10.9% of theinterviewees had a previous history of depression or anxiety, and 3.6% had one of these problems atthe time of the interview. Of all adolescents, 63.6% reported having undergone some stressful eventin the last year; 49.1% showed depressive symptoms, varying from mild, moderate and serious.Conclusions: it is essential to identifying early depressive symptoms in pregnant women, so thatthey are directed to specialized service, or detect the presence of a mental health team in a healthcenter, in order to assist depressed pregnant women, by providing qualified and humanized care andproper treatment.

Objetivo: verificar sintomas depressivos em gestantes adolescentes em unidade básica de saúde.Métodos: Cinquenta e cinco adolescentes grávidas foram entrevistadas na unidade de saúde. Para acoleta de dados, foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um para dados sociais, demográficos,obstétricos, relações familiares e eventos de violência, e outro para avaliar os sintomas depressivos -Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Resultados: 10,9% das entrevistadas tinham história prévia dedepressão ou ansiedade e 3,6% apresentavam um desses problemas no momento da entrevista. 63,6%das adolescentes relataram ter sofrido algum evento estressante no último ano. 49,1% dasadolescentes grávidas apresentam sintomas depressivos variando entre leve, moderado e grave.Conclusões: é essencial identificar os primeiros sintomas depressivos em gestantes, para que elassejam encaminhadas ao serviço especializado, ou detectar a presença de uma equipe de saúde mentalem um centro de saúde, para prestar um tratamento adequado e um cuidado de qualidade ehumanizado.

Objetivo: verificar los síntomas depresivos en adolescentes embarazadas en la unidad básica desalud. Métodos: Cincuenta y cinco adolescentes embarazadas fueron entrevistados en la unidad desalud. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: uno para datos obstétricas, relaciones familiares, sociales ydemográficos eventos de violencia y otro para evaluar los síntomas depresivos - Inventario deDepresión de Beck. Resultados: 10,9% de los encuestados tenía una historia previa de depresión oansiedade. 3,6% tenía uno de estos problemas en el momento de la entrevista. 63,6% de losadolescentes reportó haber experimentado algún evento estresante del año pasado. 49,1% de lasembarazadas tienen síntomas depresivos que van desde leve, moderada y grave. Conclusiones: esesencial para identificar los primeros síntomas depresivos en embarazadas, por lo que se les envía aun servicio especializado, o la presencia de un equipo de salud mental en un centro de salud, paraproporcionar un tratamiento adecuado.

Modulation of Galectin-3 and Galectin 9 in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis and positive Helicobacter pylori infection.

OBJECTIVES: Galectins are mediators that play an important role in the inflammatory response and in this study we analyzed the expression of Galectins (Gal) -1, -3 and -9 in biopsies of the gastric antrum of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODOLOGY: 44 patients with upper digestive tract symptoms were evaluated, and underwent Upper Digestive Endoscopy examination. Sections of the gastric antrum were fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 4% in order to perform the anatomopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for Galectins-1, -3 and -9 expression. Fresh sections of gastric antrum were used for DNA extraction and evaluation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Gal-1 was significantly more expressed on stroma than epithelium (p<0.0001), whereas Gal-3 and Gal-9 were more expressed on epithelium (p<0.0001). Gal-3 was found to be significantly higher in the stroma of patients with H. pylori infection, mainly on Cag-A positive H. pylori (p<0.0001). Gal-9 was down modulated in stroma of patients with chronic gastritis. CONCLUSION: Up modulation of Gal-3 expression was associated with H. pylori infection and down modulation of Gal-9 with the inflammatory process of chronic gastritis.

Coronary disease risk assessment in men: Comparison between ASCVD Risk versus Framingham.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the risk of men developing coronary heart disease and its determinant variables, comparing these results through two validated coronary risk scales. METHODS: A cross sectional epidemiological analytical study in which data were collected by spontaneous demand, through a semi-structured questionnaire, clinical examination, and blood collection. The Chi-square test, logistic regression and Kappa for statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS: The study included 637 men. Age was a determining factor (p<0.05) in blood pressure (BP) changes, central obesity, BMI, glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. From this group of 637, 252 presented BP above the recommended values. It was found that 34.54% of men had high total cholesterol, 19.94% had high LDL, 46.78% presented HDL below normal values and 36.42% had elevated triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome was found in 24.96% of the men. With the Framingham scale, 637 men were evaluated, 12.56% were at intermediate-risk and 5.49% elevated risk, while on the ASCVD Risk scale 553 men were evaluated, and 7.05% had moderate risk and none had high coronary risk. In this study, 50.43% of men still had no previous diagnosis for any disease that increases the risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The determinant clinical variables were age, blood pressure, smoking, central obesity, race and education. The Framingham scale allowed the assessment of cardiac risk of all men in the study, with no age restriction or cholesterol value, so in population studies it shows advantages over the ASCVD Risk due to its comprehensive feature of including all individuals.

Phlebotomine saddflies in rural locations in the state of parana, southern Brazil / Flebotomineos em localidades rurais do Estado do Parana, Sul do Brasil

SUMMARY This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State. .

RESUMO Relatam-se, neste trabalho, a fauna e frequência de flebotomíneos em abrigos de animais domésticos, residências e outros ecótopos em áreas rurais do município de Bandeirantes, Estado do Paraná. Os flebotomíneos foram coletados em oito bairros rurais, com armadilhas de Falcão, duas vezes em cada bairro, das 20 às 6 horas, em 2008. No conjunto dos bairros coletaram-se 4.790 flebotomíneos, representados por dez espécies, com predomínio de Nyssomyia neivai e Nyssomyia whitmani. Os abrigos dos animais domésticos são os ecótopos onde há maior frequência desses insetos. As localidades onde as coletas foram realizadas têm características ambientais que permitem a persistência da transmissão de parasitos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Apesar da fauna e do comportamento das espécies de flebotomíneos serem semelhantes nas diversas localidades, o método de controle desses insetos deve ser ajustado às características ambientais de cada uma das mais diversas áreas endêmicas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, nos municípios do Paraná. .

Phlebotomine sandflies in rural locations in the State of Parana, southern Brazil.

This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State.

Dispersal and memory of sand flies in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Brazil.

The dispersal of and the existence of memory in sand flies were measured in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil. Sand flies were caught in a rural area, with Shannon trap installed in the forest and three Falcão traps installed in a human-inhabited environment (HIE) and three others in an impacted environment presently uninhabited by humans (EUH), from 1800 to 0600 hours. The captured sand flies were marked with yellow, blue, or red fluorescent powder, according to the environments where they were captured. All marked sand flies were released at 0700 hours at a point between the three environments. The recaptures were made with 28 Falcão traps, distributed in the environments from for 10 consecutive days. The sand flies recaptured were examined under a stereomicroscope and later identified. It was concluded that sand flies are able to disperse over an average distance of 73 m, reaching 130 m in 24 h, showing that: 1) the sand flies were attracted with different intensities to each environment, and the ability to move among different environments allows the existence of enzootic cycle of Leishmania; 2) the sand flies possess a spatial memory, olfactory memory, or both, that enable them to return to the environment where they were captured initially, although the distances were different.

O jovem homem universitário frente ao aborto: uma contribuição para a enfermagem / El joven y el aborto: una contribución académica a la enfermería / The young man and the abortion: an academic contribution to nursing

Conhecer a opinião de jovens homens universitários sobre o aborto e sua participação no planejamento reprodutivo. Método: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas através de um questionário semi-estruturado com 34 jovens homens, estudantes universitários, entre 18 e 24 anos, analisadas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os jovens entrevistados acham que devem fazer parte do planejamento reprodutivo e apesar de não terem passado pela experiência de uma gravidez inesperada a maioria acredita que levaria a mesma a termo. Quanto ao método contraceptivo mais conhecido a camisinha ficou em primeiro lugar. Conclusão: Esses jovens estão mais participativos no processo reprodutivo e mais cientes de que eles são parte importante no processo decisório pelo aborto.

El objetivo fue conocer las opiniones de los jóvenes universitarios sobre el aborto y su participación en la planificación reproductiva. Método: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Cuestionario fue administrado a 34 hombres jóvenes de entre 18 y 24 años. El análisis fue de contenido temático. Resultados: Los jóvenes piensan que debe ser parte de la planificación reproductiva. El método anticonceptivo más conecido fue el condón. Conclusión:Estos jóvenes están más envolvidos en el proceso reproductivo y más conscientes de que son una parte importante en la reproducción.

Objective: To know young college men opinion about abortion and its participation in reproductive planning. Method: Descriptive research with qualitative approach. Some surveys were given to 34 young men, between the age of 18 and 24 years. The analysis had a thematic content. Results: Young people think they should be part of the reproductive planning. The most popular contraceptive method got first place, condoms. Conclusion: These youth are more involved in the reproductive process and more aware that they are an important part in reproductive decision-making process.