Unusual Application for Phosphonium Salts and Phosphoranes: Synthesis of Chalcogenides.

A novel strategy for the synthesis of sulfides and selenides from phosphonium salts and thio- or selenesulfonates, commercially available compounds, is described. When phosphoranes were used in the reaction, different products were obtained. The methodology does not require the use of metals, reactive species, or anhydrous conditions to be performed.

Metabonomic model for the assessment of type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric/metabolic surgery. / Modelo metabonômico para avaliação da regressão do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 após cirurgia bariátrica.

OBJETIVO: To evaluate the differences in the metabonomic profile of patients who achieved remisison of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery in relation to those who presented maintenance or recurrence of this condition after surgery. METHODS: Thirthy-three patients with obesity and T2D were submitted to bariatric/metabolic surgery, among which, 22 experienced complete remission of T2D, and 11 did not experience remission in the postoperative period. Blood samples were taken in order to assess the serum profiles through a 1H NMR-based metabonomic study. RESULTS: The metabonomic model for the assessment of T2D recurrence presented an accuracy of 93.9%, sensibility of 81.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 91.7%. CONCLUSION: bariatric surgery provide specific effects on the distribution of metabolites in those patients who achieved remission of T2DM, and this new distribution can be assessed through a metabonomic model.

OBJETIVO: avaliar as diferenças no perfil metabonômico de pacientes que atingiram remissão de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) após cirurgia bariátrica em relação aos que apresentaram manutenção ou recidiva dessa condição após a cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 33 pacientes obesos diabéticos tipo 2, dos quais 22 tiveram remissão completa da DM2 e 11 tiveram recidiva da DM2 ou não apresentaram remissão da doença no pós-operatório. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação dos perfis metabonômicos séricos através de um estudo metabonômico baseado em RMN de 1H. RESULTADOS: o modelo metabonômico para avaliação da recidiva da diabetes apresentou uma acurácia de 93,9%, sensibilidade de 81,8%, especificidade de 100%, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) igual a 100% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) igual a 91,7%. CONCLUSÃO: a cirurgia bariátrica promove efeitos específicos na distribuição dos metabólitos de pacientes que atingiram remissão de DM2, e essa nova distribuição pode ser avaliada através de um modelo metabonômico.

Modelo metabonômico para avaliação da regressão do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 após cirurgia bariátrica / Metabonomic model for the assessment of type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric/metabolic surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as diferenças no perfil metabonômico de pacientes que atingiram remissão de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) após cirurgia bariátrica em relação aos que apresentaram manutenção ou recidiva dessa condição após a cirurgia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 33 pacientes obesos diabéticos tipo 2, dos quais 22 tiveram remissão completa da DM2 e 11 tiveram recidiva da DM2 ou não apresentaram remissão da doença no pós-operatório. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação dos perfis metabonômicos séricos através de um estudo metabonômico baseado em RMN de 1H. Resultados: o modelo metabonômico para avaliação da recidiva da diabetes apresentou uma acurácia de 93,9%, sensibilidade de 81,8%, especificidade de 100%, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) igual a 100% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) igual a 91,7%. Conclusão: a cirurgia bariátrica promove efeitos específicos na distribuição dos metabólitos de pacientes que atingiram remissão de DM2, e essa nova distribuição pode ser avaliada através de um modelo metabonômico.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the metabonomic profile of patients who achieved remisison of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery in relation to those who presented maintenance or recurrence of this condition after surgery. Methods: Thirthy-three patients with obesity and T2D were submitted to bariatric/metabolic surgery, among which, 22 experienced complete remission of T2D, and 11 did not experience remission in the postoperative period. Blood samples were taken in order to assess the serum profiles through a 1H NMR-based metabonomic study. Results: The metabonomic model for the assessment of T2D recurrence presented an accuracy of 93.9%, sensibility of 81.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 91.7%. Conclusion: bariatric surgery provide specific effects on the distribution of metabolites in those patients who achieved remission of T2DM, and this new distribution can be assessed through a metabonomic model.

The potential application of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TGC01 using crude glycerol on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material.

The production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TGC01 using crude glycerol and sodium nitrate as the sole substrate and nitrogen source, respectively, was investigated using two mineral culture media. Two inoculum sizes (5 and 10% v/v) and two volumes of the culture medium (50 and 100 mL) in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask also were used. Enzymatic hydrolyses of waste office paper (WOP), newspaper (NP) and eucalyptus wood chips (EWC) were carried out using the biosurfactant from P. aeruginosa TGC01. The decrease in volume of the culture medium increased the production of rhamnolipid by 500% in relation to concentration obtained when higher volume of culture medium was used. High quantity biosurfactant was recovered (11 g/L) with desired surface active properties after extraction using chloroform:methanol (v/v). The biosurfactant was able to reduce the water surface tension from 72 to 27 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 100 mg/L and a stable emulsion index (above 60%) in the enzymatic hydrolysis (pH 4.8 and 50 °C for 4 h). Biosurfactant increased the glucose released in the enzymatic hydrolysis in relation to control (without tensoactive) when WOP (19% increase) and NP (113% increase) were used. The process for NP (18% lignin) was economical, given that the biosurfactant present made a delignification process unnecessary.

Characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas cepacia CCT6659 in the presence of industrial wastes and its application in the biodegradation of hydrophobic compounds in soil.

The bacterium Pseudomonas cepacia CCT6659 cultivated with 2% soybean waste frying oil and 2% corn steep liquor as substrates produced a biosurfactant with potential application in the bioremediation of soils. The biosurfactant was classified as an anionic biomolecule composed of 75% lipids and 25% carbohydrates. Characterization by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H and (13)C NMR) revealed the presence of carbonyl, olefinic and aliphatic groups, with typical spectra of lipids. Four sets of biodegradation experiments were carried out with soil contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds amended with molasses in the presence of an indigenous consortium, as follows: Set 1-soil+bacterial cells; Set 2-soil+biosurfactant; Set 3-soil+bacterial cells+biosurfactant; and Set 4-soil without bacterial cells or biosurfactant (control). Significant oil biodegradation activity (83%) occurred in the first 10 days of the experiments when the biosurfactant and bacterial cells were used together (Set 3), while maximum degradation of the organic compounds (above 95%) was found in Sets 1-3 between 35 and 60 days. It is evident from the results that the biosurfactant alone and its producer species are both capable of promoting biodegradation to a large extent.

Differentiation and assignment of vinyl telluride regioisomers by (1) H-(125) Te gHMBC.

Complete (1) H, (13) C, and (125) Te NMR spectral data for some vinyl tellurides are described. The (1) H-(125) Te gHMBC experiment was used for the complete chemical shift assignment and structure elucidation of a mixture of regioisomers. The assignment ((125) Te NMR) and coupling constants (J(H,H) ) for all regioisomers are described for the first time.

(1)H, (13)C, (19)F and (11)B NMR spectral reference data of some potassium organotrifluoroborates.

Complete (1)H, (13)C, (19)F and (11)B NMR spectral data for 28 potassium organotrifluoroborates are described. The resonance for the carbon bearing the boron atom is described for most of the studied compounds. A modified (11)B NMR pulse sequence was used and better resolution was observed allowing the observation of (11)B-(19)F coupling constants for some of the studied compounds.

Soroprevalência de citomegalovírus em gestantes brasileiras de classe socioeconômica favorecida / Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant woman of socioeconomically advantaged class from Brazil

Introdução: a citomegalovirose congênita é a infecção intrauterina mais comum em todo o mundo e a principal causa infecciosa de malformação do sistema nervoso central, surdez e dificuldade de aprendizado na infância. Entretanto, apesar da importância e das repercussões desta infecção, poucos estudos foram publicados no Brasil e na America Latina. Objetivo: estabelecer a soroprevalência para citomegalovírus em gestantes de classe socioeconômica favorecida e conhecer melhor o perfi l desta infecção na população brasileira. Métodos: estudo descritivo onde foram incluídas todas as gestantes que procuraram a empresa Cryopraxis Criobiologia Ltda. para armazenamento de sangue de cordão umbilical no período de 1o de janeiro de 2005 a 31 de dezembro de 2006. Todas as gestantes foram submetidas à coleta de sangue para detecção de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgM contra citomegalovírus pelos métodos de ensaio imunoenzimático e quimioluminescência. Resultados: foram obtidas 4.620 amostras de soro, 1.966 (42%) procedentes do estado do Rio de Janeiro, 1.695 (37%) do estado de São Paulo e 959 (21%) de outros estados. Destas, 3.894 (84%) apresentaram reatividade para anticorpos da classe IgG contracitomegalovírus, evidenciando alta prevalência desta infecção. Apenas 64 (1,4%) gestantes apresentaram resultados sugestivos de infecção aguda (IgMpositiva). Conclusão: embora a infecção por CMV seja com frequência associada à condição socioeconômica menos favorecida, os resultados encontrados neste trabalho mostram uma elevada prevalência da infecção também em mulheres brasileiras de classe média a alta. Adicionalmente, de acordo com os resultados sorológicos, boa parte das gestantes mostrou-se ainda sujeita a primoinfecção, o que alerta para o risco de transmissão materno-fetal nesta população. Como não há tratamento específico para mulheres grávidas, conhecer a sorologia materna permite adequada orientação e consequente redução do risco de infecção congênita.

Introduction: congenital cytomegalovirus is the most common intrauterine infection in the world, causing central nervous malformation, deafness andpoor acquaintance of knowledge. Notwithstanding, few studies are addressed studying this infection in Brazilian and Latin America pregnat women.Objective: the aim of this study was to establish the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus in advantaged socioeconomic class pregnants in Brazil.Methods: we search the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus in high socioeconomic pregnant women in Brazil and the profile of the infection in ourcountry. Our study was observational/transversal, with pregnant women attended at Cryopraxis Criobiology Ltda. Blood from umbilical cord was collected from January 2005 until December 2006 with analyzing IgM and IgG antibodies for cytomegalovirus (immunoassay and chemiluminescence). Results: we obtained 4,620 samples, 1966 (42%) from Rio de Janeiro, 1,695 (37%) from São Paulo State and 959 (21%) from other states. 3894 (84%) were IgG positivity to cytomegalovirus, with high prevalence. Only 64 (1,4%) of the pregnants were suggestively acute infection (IgM positive). Conclusion:although cytomegalovirus infection is frequently associated with lower socioeconomic class, the seropositivity of IgG is high in pregnant women of high socioeconomic class in Brazil. In many cases, previous contact with viruses was not evident, which warns about the maternal susceptibility to infection and consequent risk of fetal transmission in this population. There is no specific treatment of the disease. Then, serology is important for adequate attendance, reducing the risk of congenital infection.

Synthesis, Cruzain docking, and in vitro studies of aryl-4-oxothiazolylhydrazones against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Research in recent years has demonstrated that the Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease cruzain (TCC) is a valid chemotherapeutic target. Herein we describe a small library of aryl-4-oxothiazolylhydrazones that have been tested in assays against T. cruzi cell cultures. The docking studies carried out suggest that these compounds are potential ligands for the TCC enzyme. The most promising compound of this series, N-(4-oxo-5-ethyl-2'-thiazolin-2-yl)-N'-phenylthio-(Z)-ethylidenehydrazone (6 f), was shown to be very active at non-cytotoxic concentrations in in vitro assays with mammalian cells and has a potency comparable with reference drugs such as nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole (Bdz).

Synthesis and hypolipidemic activity of N-substituted phthalimides. Part V.

A series of N-aryl- or N-(1,2,4-triazol-yl)-phthalimides (4a-4i) have been synthesized starting from phthalic anhydride (1) and an appropriate amine (2a-2i). All compounds presented hypolipidemic activity, but compound 4d proved to be the most active and reduced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Swiss white mice significantly.

Efficient chiral discrimination by 77Se NMR.

[reaction: see text] Several (77)Se NMR experiments were performed by titrating a sample of selenides with the chiral shift reagent methylbenzylamine (MBA), followed by acquisition of (77)Se NMR spectra. Eventually, we observed the appearance of two anisochronous resonances, with a relatively large separation, from 37 to 56 Hz, corresponding to the formation of the diastereomeric complexes. This methodology avoids derivatization processes, and the studied compound can be easily recovered from the NMR tube.