Atividades de extensão em enfermagem: Medidas excecionais em tempos de pandemia por COVID-19 / Extension activities in nursing: Exceptional measures during the COVID-19 pandemic / Actividades de extensión en enfermería: medidas excepcionales en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19

Resumo Enquadramento: A Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, ciente do valor das unidades de extensão na articulação do tripé Ensino-Investigação-Extensão tem na sua estrutura a Unidade de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade e Coordenação das Atividades de Extensão na Comunidade (UPSCCAEC). Objetivo: Descrever o trabalho desenvolvido pela UPSCCAEC em 2019 e 2020, destacando a sua capacidade adaptativa mediante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Principais tópicos em análise: Utilizaram-se como fonte de dados os relatórios de atividades realizadas no contexto da UPSCCAEC nos anos civis de 2019 e 2020, e realizou-se a comparação com achados nos dois anos, os quais foram discutidos à luz do referencial teórico disponível, considerando a pandemia COVID-19 e o impacte a nível das Instituições do Ensino Superior (IES) em seus processos formativos, de investigação e extensão. Conclusão: A atividade da UPSCCAEC nos referidos anos contribuiu para a afirmação da instituição, do desenvolvimento académico, e constituiu recurso de excelência na resposta aos atuais desafios da sociedade, particularmente num período caracterizado por enorme turbulência resultante da pandemia COVID-19.

Abstract Background: The Nursing School of Coimbra knows the importance of extension units in the articulation between teaching, research, and extension. For this reason, the School has a Service Provision and Community Extension Activities Coordination Unit (UPSCCAEC). Objective: To describe the work developed by the UPSCCAEC in 2019 and 2020, highlighting its adaptive capacity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Main topics under analysis: The reports of activities carried out within the scope of the UPSCCAEC in 2019 and 2020 were used as a data source. A comparison was made with findings in the two years, discussed based on the available theoretical framework and considering the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on Higher Education Institutions' training, research, and extension processes. Conclusion: The UPSCCAEC's activity in those years contributed to the institution's excellence and academic development and successful response to the current societal challenges in a time of great instability due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen Marco contextual: La Escuela Superior de Enfermería de Coímbra, consciente del valor de las unidades de extensión en la articulación del trípode Enseñanza-Investigación-Extensión, cuenta en su estructura con la Unidad de Prestación de Servicios a la Comunidad y Coordinación de Actividades de Extensión Comunitaria (UPSCCAEC). Objetivo: Describir el trabajo desarrollado por la UPSCCAEC en 2019 y 2020, y destacar su capacidad de adaptación frente a la pandemia por COVID-19. Principales temas en análisis: La fuente de datos utilizada fueron los informes de las actividades realizadas en el marco de la UPSCCAEC en los años civiles de 2019 y 2020, y se realizó una comparación con los hallazgos en ambos años, los cuales se discutieron considerando el marco teórico disponible, la pandemia del COVID-19 y el impacto en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), en sus procesos de formación, investigación y extensión. Conclusión: La actividad de la UPSCCAEC en estos años contribuyó a la afirmación de la institución, al desarrollo académico y constituyó un recurso de excelencia para responder a los desafíos actuales de la sociedad, particularmente en un período caracterizado por enormes turbulencias derivadas de la pandemia del COVID-19.

Assessment Tools of Biopsychosocial Frailty Dimensions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Frailty is a complex interplay between several factors, including physiological changes in ageing, multimorbidities, malnutrition, living environment, genetics, and lifestyle. Early screening for frailty risk factors in community-dwelling older people allows for preventive interventions on the clinical and social determinants of frailty, which allows adverse events to be avoided. By conducting a narrative review of the literature employing the International Narrative Systematic Assessment tool, the authors aimed to develop an updated framework for the main measurement tools to assess frailty risks in older adults, paying attention to use in the community and primary care settings. This search focused on the biopsychosocial domains of frailty that are covered in the SUNFRAIL tool. The study selected 178 reviews (polypharmacy: 20; nutrition: 13; physical activity: 74; medical visits: 0; falls: 39; cognitive decline: 12; loneliness: 15; social support: 5; economic constraints: 0) published between January 2010 and December 2021. Within the selected reviews, 123 assessment tools were identified (polypharmacy: 15; nutrition: 15; physical activity: 25; medical visits: 0; falls: 26; cognitive decline: 18; loneliness: 9; social support: 15; economic constraints: 0). The narrative review allowed us to evaluate assessment tools of frailty domains to be adopted for multidimensional health promotion and prevention interventions in community and primary care.

Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to map and analyze midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. INTRODUCTION: Fear of childbirth is a phenomenon negatively affecting women's health and well-being before and during pregnancy. Over the past few decades, there has been growing research interest in interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. One of the challenges in midwifery care is to provide an appropriate model of care for pregnant women with fear of childbirth. Further research efforts are needed to identify midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women and to examine their characteristics. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review considered studies that included midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. Specifically, interventions were led and/or implemented by midwives during the antenatal period, and integrating all possible midwifery practice settings. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were included. This review also considered systematic reviews, text and opinion papers, and conference abstracts. METHODS: The JBI methodology for conducting scoping reviews was used. Published and unpublished literature in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from January 1981 to October 2020 was included. MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. Searches for gray literature were also undertaken on the Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, British Library EThOS, OvidSP Resource Center, Banco de Teses da CAPES, and OpenGrey. A three-step search strategy was followed, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was used. Two independent reviewers extracted the data using a data extraction tool developed specifically for this scoping review. RESULTS: A total of 3704 articles were identified and screened, of which 34 articles were included. The majority of studies had been published in the past 10 years (88%) in Scandinavian countries or Australia (79%). Several midwives' antenatal interventions were found, such as midwife-led team models of care. Midwives played a facilitator role that varied across the included studies. In 20 studies (59%), midwives led and implemented the interventions alone ( n   =  13; 38%) or with the participation of other health professionals ( n   =  7; 21%). In the remaining 14 studies (41%), midwives were part of a multidisciplinary team that included different health professionals (mainly obstetricians and psychologists) who had been involved in delivering interventions alongside midwives or with minor participation from midwives. Counseling ( n   =  12; 35%) and psychoeducation ( n   =  8; 24%) were the most common midwife interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Midwives working across their full scope of practice play a pivotal role in reducing fear of childbirth, which may explain the variety of midwives' antenatal interventions. Reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women and promoting normal childbirth as a positive experience are key features of midwives' interventions, which should include women's empowerment measures. Evidence-based midwife-led intervention programs for pregnant women with fear of childbirth should be designed and tested to improve clinical practice as well as women's reproductive outcomes and perinatal experiences.

Encenação do decálogo da saúde mental positiva: relato de experiência num internamento de psiquiatria de agudos / Acting out of the positive mental health decalogue: an experience report in an acute psychiatric hospitalization / Escenario de lo decalogo de salud mental positiva: informe de experiencia en una hospitalización de psiquiatría aguda

Resumo Contexto: A prevalência de perturbações psiquiátricas justifica um maior investimento na promoção da Saúde Mental, ainda que conscientes de que esta prioridade se mantém um desafio nas políticas de saúde. A promoção do bem-estar da pessoa com perturbação mental com recurso a intervenções psicoterapêuticas, implementadas pelo enfermeiro especialista em Saúde Mental, constituiu-se um desafio nesta experiência. Objetivo(s): Descrever um relato de experiência decorrente de um programa de Saúde Mental Positiva desenvolvido num serviço de internamento de agudos. Métodos: Trata-se de um programa que se concretiza na encenação do Decálogo de Saúde Mental Positiva da autoria de Lluch-Canut (2011). Utilizou-se uma metodologia participativa envolvendo os utentes com doença mental (n=24), destacando-se a Depressão Major, a Esquizofrenia e a Doença Bipolar. Participaram, ainda, enfermeiros especialistas em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria e estudantes de Enfermagem desde a conceção do guião, planeamento, preparação do cenário e dramatização. Resultados: Os resultados da avaliação deste programa revelaram i) elevada adesão dos utentes internados; ii) que o programa constituiu uma experiência significativa para os utentes; iii) que o programa foi um contributo para o alcance de fatores promotores de Saúde Mental Positiva, integrantes do Modelo Multifatorial apresentado por Lluch-Canut (1999): satisfação pessoal; atitude pro-social; autocontrolo; autonomia; resolução de problemas e auto-atualização e habilidades de relacionamento interpessoais. Conclusões: A encenação, com a participação ativa dos utentes internados e profissionais de saúde, foi eficaz na expressão de emoções positivas, nos envolvidos, pelo que se sugere um maior investimento neste tipo de intervenções em pessoas com doença mental.

Abstract Background: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders justifies an investment in the promotion of Mental Health, although aware that this priority remains a challenge in health policies. The promotion of the well-being of the person with mental disorders, recurring to psychotherapeutic interventions, implemented by the specialist nurse in Mental Health, was also a challenge in this experience. Aim: To describe an experience report resulting from a Positive Mental Health Program developed in an acute hospitalization service. Methods: The experience made use of the Decalogue of Positive Mental Health by Lluch-Canut (2011). A participatory methodology involving people with mental illness (n=24) was used, highlighting Major Depression, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Also participating were nurses specialized in Mental Health and Psychiatry and Nursing students from the conception of the script, planning, scenario preparation and dramatization. Results: The results of the evaluation of this program revealed i) high support of hospitalized users; (ii) that the program was a significant experience for users; iii) the intervention program contributed to achieving promoting factors of Positive Mental Health, integrated on the multifactorial model presented by Lluch-Canut (1999) such as: personal satisfaction; pro-social attitude; self-control; autonomy; problem-solving and self-updating; and interpersonal skills. Conclusions: The dramatization, with the active participation of hospitalized users and health professionals, was effective in expressing positive emotions of all people involved, suggesting a greater investment in this type of intervention in people with mental illness.

Resumen Contexto: La prevalencia de los trastornos psiquiátricos, justifica una mayor inversión en la promoción de la Salud Mental, aún sabiendo que esta prioridad se mantiene como un desafío en las políticas de salud. En este sentido, la promoción del bienestar de la persona con trastorno mental con el uso de intervenciones psicosociales, implementado por la enfermera especialista en Salud Mental, también fue un desafío en esta experiencia. Objetivo(s): Describa un informe de experiencia resultante de un Programa de Salud Mental Positiva con actividades desarrolladas en un servicio de hospitalización de internación aguda. Metodología: Se trata de una experiencia en la que dio lugar a la realización de la puesta en escena del Decálogo de Salud Mental Positiva por Lluch-Canut (2011). Se utilizó una metodología participativa en la que participaron usuarios hospitalizados con enfermedad mental (n=24), de los cuales hemos resaltamos de la Depresión Mayor, Esquizofrenia y Trastorno Bipolar. La implementación del programa de intervención contó con la participación de enfermeros especializados en Salud Mental y Psiquiatría y estudiantes de Enfermería desde el diseño del guión, planificación, preparación de escenarios y dramatización. Resultados: Los resultados de la evaluación de este programa revelaron i) un alto adhesión de los usuarios hospitalizados; (ii) que el programa fue una experiencia muy significativa para los usuarios; iii) que el programa de intervención fue una contribución al logro de factores que promueven la Salud Mental Positiva, miembros del Modelo Multifactorial presentado por Lluch-Canut (1999), a saber: satisfacción personal; actitud pro-social; autocontrol; autonomía; resolución de problemas y autoactualización y habilidades de relación interpersonal. Conclusiones: La puesta en escena, con la participación de usuarios hospitalizados y profesionales de la salud, fue eficaz para expresar emociones positivas de todas las personas involucradas, sugiriendo una mayor inversión en este tipo de intervenciones en personas con enfermedades mentales.

Fazer a Diferença 3 - um programa de estimulação cognitiva individual para pessoas idosas: Aceitabilidade e aplicabilidade / Making a Difference 3 - an individual cognitive stimulation program for older people: Appropriateness and feasibility / Fazer a Diferença 3 - un programa de estimulación cognitiva individual para personas mayores: Aceptabilidad y aplicabilidad

Resumo Enquadramento: A estimulação cognitiva individual desenvolvida em contexto domiciliar por um cuidador é uma intervenção inovadora. O programa de estimulação cognitiva Fazer a Diferença 3 (FD3) é um exemplo deste tipo de intervenção. Objetivo: Explorar a aceitabilidade e a aplicabilidade do programa FD3 para a população portuguesa. Metodologia: Estudo desenvolvido em duas fases: na Fase 1 realizaram-se entrevistas exploratórias a académicos, profissionais de saúde e cuidadores, com o intuito de se conhecer a recetividade a este tipo de intervenção; na Fase 2 conduziu-se um painel de peritos e grupos focais, com cuidadores, para explorar a suas perceções sobre o programa FD3, versão portuguesa. Resultados: A Fase 1 foi impulsionadora do estudo. As partes interessadas analisaram este tipo de intervenção como muito útil e versátil. A Fase 2 permitiu perceber as potencialidades em termos de aceitabilidade e de aplicabilidade da intervenção, traduzida e adaptada, para a população portuguesa. Conclusão: O programa FD3 poderá ser uma excelente ferramenta no cuidado à pessoa idosa com deterioração cognitiva a residir em contexto domiciliar.

Abstract Background: The delivery of individual cognitive stimulation by caregivers in a home-based setting is an innovative intervention. An example of this type of intervention is the Making a Difference 3 (MD3) cognitive stimulation program. Objective: To explore the appropriateness and feasibility of the MD3 program for the Portuguese population. Methodology: This study was developed in two phases. In Phase 1, exploratory interviews were conducted with academics, healthcare professionals, and caregivers to identify the receptivity to this type of intervention. In Phase 2, a panel of experts and focus groups with caregivers were conducted to explore their perceptions about the Portuguese version of the MD3 program. Results: Phase 1 was the driving force behind the study. Participants considered this type of intervention very useful and versatile. Phase 2 allowed identifying the level of appropriateness and feasibility of the intervention that was translated and adapted to the Portuguese population. Conclusion: The MD3 program can be an excellent tool in caring for older adults with cognitive impairment living at home.

Resumen Marco contextual: La estimulación cognitiva individual, desarrollada en casa, por un cuidador, es una intervención innovadora. El programa de estimulación cognitiva Marcando la diferencia 3 (MD3) es un ejemplo de este tipo de intervención. Objetivo: explorar la aceptabilidad y aplicabilidad del programa MD3 para la población portuguesa. Metodología: se desarrollaron dos fases. En la Fase 1, se realizaron entrevistas exploratorias con académicos, profesionales y cuidadores, con el fin de conocer la receptividad a este tipo de intervenciones; La Fase 2, se desarrolló un panel de expertos y grupos focales para explorar sus percepciones sobre el programa, versión portuguesa. Resultados: La Fase 1 fue la fuerza impulsora detrás del estudio. Los grupos de interés consideraron este tipo de intervención como muy útil y versátil. La Fase 2 permitió percibir las potencialidades en términos de aceptabilidad y aplicabilidad de la intervención, traducida y adaptada, para la población. Conclusión: El programa MD3 puede ser una excelente herramienta para el cuidado de las personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que viven en el hogar.

Citizen involvement in scientific activities and extension of knowledge to society.

High-quality health research must involve the citizen, bringing merit, relevance, and value to research and ensuring the transfer of new knowledge or outputs to the community. This theoretical study aimed to conceptualize and discuss the role of Citizen Involvement and Extension to Society in research processes and outcomes, revealing that both concepts have different purposes. Research units and research funding agencies are promoting Citizen Involvement in all steps of the research process because it adds quality to it. Moreover, universities, research units, and researchers should extend their knowledge to society, the citizens, or the end-users as part of their social responsibility. Citizen Involvement and Extension to Society should be considered strategic areas for the development of research in general and nursing research in particular. More studies are needed to generate new knowledge and useful products to better serve the real needs of society.

Citizen involvement in scientific activities and extension of knowledge to society / Envolvimento do cidadão nas atividades científicas e extensão do conhecimento à sociedade / Intervención del ciudadano en actividades científicas y extensión del conocimiento a la sociedad

ABSTRACT High-quality health research must involve the citizen, bringing merit, relevance, and value to research and ensuring the transfer of new knowledge or outputs to the community. This theoretical study aimed to conceptualize and discuss the role of Citizen Involvement and Extension to Society in research processes and outcomes, revealing that both concepts have different purposes. Research units and research funding agencies are promoting Citizen Involvement in all steps of the research process because it adds quality to it. Moreover, universities, research units, and researchers should extend their knowledge to society, the citizens, or the end-users as part of their social responsibility. Citizen Involvement and Extension to Society should be considered strategic areas for the development of research in general and nursing research in particular. More studies are needed to generate new knowledge and useful products to better serve the real needs of society.

RESUMO Investigação de alta qualidade em saúde deve envolver o cidadão, pois promove mérito, relevância e valor às atividades de investigação e assegura a transferência de novos conhecimentos ou resultados para a comunidade. Este estudo teórico teve como objetivo conceituar e discutir o Envolvimento do Cidadão nos processos de investigação e Extensão à Sociedade dos seus resultados, revelando que ambos os conceitos têm finalidades distintas. Unidades de investigação e agências de financiamento incentivam o Envolvimento do Cidadão em todas as etapas do processo de pesquisa, acreditando-se que o mesmo adiciona qualidade aos processos de pesquisa. Por outro lado, universidades, unidades de investigação e pesquisadores têm a responsabilidade social de estenderem seus conhecimentos à sociedade, aos cidadãos ou aos usuários finais. O Envolvimento do Cidadão e a Extensão à Sociedade devem ser considerados áreas estratégicas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em geral e da enfermagem em particular. Estudos que envolvam o cidadão são necessários para gerar novos conhecimentos e produtos úteis para melhor atender às reais necessidades da sociedade.

RESUMEN La investigación en salud de alta calidad debe involucrar el ciudadano, aportar mérito, relevancia y valor a la investigación y garantizar la transferencia de nuevos conocimientos o resultados para la comunidad. Este estudio teórico tuvo como objetivo conceptuar y debatir el rol de la Intervención Ciudadana y de la Extensión a la Sociedad en los procesos y conclusiones de investigación, revelando que ambos los conceptos tienen finalidades distintas. Unidades de investigación y agencias de fomento a la investigación han promovido la Intervención del Ciudadano en todas las etapas del proceso de investigación una vez que ella aporta calidad a los mismos. Por otro lado, universidades, unidades de investigación e investigadores deben "extender" sus conocimientos a la sociedad, a los ciudadanos o a los usuarios finales como parte de su responsabilidad social. La Intervención del Ciudadano y la Extensión a la Sociedad deben ser consideradas áreas estratégicas para el desarrollo de la investigación en enfermería, específicamente. Más estudios son necesarios para generar nuevos conocimientos y productos útiles con la finalidad de atender mejor a las necesidades de la sociedad.

Midwifery interventions to reduce fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the review is to map and analyze midwifery interventions to reduce fear of childbirth in pregnant women. INTRODUCTION: Fear of childbirth is a phenomenon negatively affecting women's health and well-being before and during pregnancy, as well as after childbirth. During the previous few decades, there has been a growing interest in research into interventions to reduce the fear of childbirth in childbearing women. Currently, providing an appropriate model of care for pregnant women with fear of childbirth is a challenge in midwifery care. Therefore, further efforts are needed to identify and examine the characteristics of different midwifery interventions to reduce fear of childbirth in pregnant women. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider studies that include interventions to reduce fear of childbirth in pregnant women, led and implemented by midwives, during the antenatal period, in all possible birth scenarios. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies will be included. METHODS: The JBI methodology for conducting scoping reviews will be employed. Published and unpublished literature in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, from 1981 to the present, will be included. MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases will be searched. Searches for gray literature will be performed. Data will be extracted using a tool developed specifically for the scoping review objectives.

Adaptation and validation into Portuguese language of the six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT).

BACKGROUND: The six-item cognitive impairment test (6CIT) is a brief cognitive screening tool that can be administered to older people in 2-3 min. OBJECTIVE: To adapt the 6CIT for the European Portuguese and determine its psychometric properties based on a sample recruited from several contexts (nursing homes; universities for older people; day centres; primary health care units). METHOD: The original 6CIT was translated into Portuguese and the draft Portuguese version (6CIT-P) was back-translated and piloted. The accuracy of the 6CIT-P was assessed by comparison with the Portuguese Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A convenience sample of 550 older people from various geographical locations in the north and centre of the country was used. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability coefficient was high (r = 0.95). The 6CIT-P also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.88) and corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.32 and 0.90. Total 6CIT-P and MMSE scores were strongly correlated. The proposed 6CIT-P threshold for cognitive impairment is ≥10 in the Portuguese population, which gives sensitivity of 82.78% and specificity of 84.84%. The accuracy of 6CIT-P, as measured by area under the ROC curve, was 0.91. CONCLUSION: The 6CIT-P has high reliability and validity and is accurate when used to screen for cognitive impairment.

Analysis of a health team's records and nurses' perceptions concerning signs and symptoms of delirium.

This study investigates the extent of under-diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium by analyzing the records of a health team and the perception of nurses concerning this phenomenon. This quantitative study was developed in a central university hospital in Portugal and used the documentary and interview techniques. The sample obtained through the application of the NeeCham's scale was composed of 111 patients with the diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium hospitalized in the medical and surgical acute care units. A rate of 12.6% of under-diagnosis was identified in the records and a rate of 30.6% was found taking into account the perception of nurses. No indicators of acute confusion/delirium were found in 8.1% of the 111 cases and only 4.5% of the patients were diagnosed with acute confusion/delirium. The results indicate there is difficulty in identifying acute confusion/delirium, with implications for the quality of care, suggesting the need to implement training measures directed to health teams.

Analysis of a health team's records and nurses' perceptions concerning signs and symptoms of delirium / Análise dos registros produzidos pela equipe de saúde e da percepção dos enfermeiros sobre os sinais e sintomas de delirium / Análisis de registros producidos por el equipo de salud y de la percepción de los enfermeros sobre las señales y síntomas de delirio

This study investigates the extent of under-diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium by analyzing the records of a health team and the perception of nurses concerning this phenomenon. This quantitative study was developed in a central university hospital in Portugal and used the documentary and interview techniques. The sample obtained through the application of the NeeCham's scale was composed of 111 patients with the diagnosis of acute confusion/delirium hospitalized in the medical and surgical acute care units. A rate of 12.6 percent of under-diagnosis was identified in the records and a rate of 30.6 percent was found taking into account the perception of nurses. No indicators of acute confusion/delirium were found in 8.1 percent of the 111 cases and only 4.5 percent of the patients were diagnosed with acute confusion/delirium. The results indicate there is difficulty in identifying acute confusion/delirium, with implications for the quality of care, suggesting the need to implement training measures directed to health teams.

Esta pesquisa pretendeu conhecer a dimensão do subdiagnóstico da confusão aguda/delirium, ao analisar os registros produzidos pela equipe de saúde e percepção dos enfermeiros sobre esse fenômeno. Foi desenvolvido em um hospital universitário central, de Portugal, delineada dentro do paradigma quantitativo, utilizando a técnica documental e entrevista. A amostra obtida, pela aplicação da Escala de Confusão NeeCham, foi de 111 doentes com diagnóstico de confusão aguda/delirium, internados em unidades de cuidados agudos médicos e cirúrgicos. Identificou-se taxa de subdiagnóstico do fenômeno de 12,6 por cento nos registros e de 30,6 por cento tendo em conta a percepção dos enfermeiros. Em 8,1 por cento, dos 111 casos, não foi identificado qualquer indicador de confusão aguda/delirium. Somente 4,5 por cento dos doentes tinha o fenômeno diagnosticado. Os resultados apontam dificuldade para se identificar a confusão aguda/delirium, com implicações para a qualidade dos cuidados, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas formativas dirigidas às equipes de saúde.

Esta investigación pretendió conocer la dimensión del subdiagnóstico de la confusión aguda/delirio, al analizar los registros producidos por el equipo de salud y percepción de los enfermeros sobre este fenómeno. Fue desarrollado en un hospital universitario central de Portugal. Delineada dentro del paradigma cuantitativo, utilizando la técnica documental y la entrevista. La muestra obtenida, por la aplicación de la Escala de Confusión NeeCham, fue de 111 enfermos con diagnóstico de confusión aguda/delirio, internados en unidades de cuidados agudos médicos y quirúrgicos. Se identificó una tasa de subdiagnóstico del fenómeno de 12,6 por ciento en los registros y de 30,6 por ciento teniendo en cuenta la percepción de los enfermeros. En 8,1 por ciento de los 111 casos, no fue identificado cualquier indicador de confusión aguda/delirio. Solamente, 4,5 por ciento de los enfermos tenían el fenómeno diagnosticado. Los resultados apuntan para la dificultad en identificar la confusión aguda/delirio, con implicaciones para la calidad de los cuidados, sugiriendo la necesidad de adoptar medidas formativas dirigidas a los equipos de salud.