Pessoas LGBTI+ e a covid-19: para pensarmos questões sobre saúde / Personas LGBTI+ y la covid-19: para pensar en cuestiones de salud / The LGBTI+ people and covid-19: for us to think about health issues

Objetivo refletir teórica e criticamente o cenário da situação de saúde de pessoas LGBTI+ frente ao Covid-19 em contexto de pandemia no Brasil. Método Estudo teórico e reflexivo estruturado a partir do arcabouço teórico e analítico de gênero e dos achados empíricos sobre a pandemia do novo Coronavírus, causadora da Covid-19. Realizou-se a decomposição não estruturada dos achados publicados na mídia digital e nas bases de dados científicos sobra a Covid-19, bem como a interseção com a saúde de pessoas LGBTI+, especialmente no Brasil. Resultados Há repercussões negativas geradas pela Covid-19 à saúde de pessoas LGBTI+ que são intensificadas por ações biopolíticas determinantes de exposição humana à vulnerabilidade, negação de direitos, discriminação, violências e iniquidades, que potencializam a degradação da saúde e a condição humana. Conclusão O surgimento da Covid-19 precipita e intensifica as vulnerabilidades e iniquidades em saúde de pessoas LGBTI+, conduzindo-as à marginalização e ao risco expressivo à vida.

Objetivo reflejar teórica y críticamente el escenario de la situación de salud de las personas LGBTI+ frente al Covid-19 en el contexto de una pandemia en el Brasil. Método Un estudio teórico y reflexivo estructurado en el marco teórico y analítico del género y los hallazgos empíricos sobre la pandemia del nuevo Coronavirus, que causa el Covid-19. Se realizó la descomposición no estructurada de los hallazgos publicados en los medios digitales y en las bases de datos científicas sobrantes de Covid-19, así como la intersección con la salud de las personas LGBTI+, especialmente en Brasil. Resultados Hay repercusiones negativas generadas por el Covid-19 en la salud de las personas LGBTI+, que se intensifican por las acciones biopolíticas que determinan la exposición humana a la vulnerabilidad, la negación de derechos, la discriminación, la violencia y las desigualdades, que potencian la degradación de la salud y la condición humana. Conclusión La aparición del Covid-19 precipita e intensifica las vulnerabilidades y desigualdades en la salud de las personas LGBTI+, lo que las lleva a la marginación y a un riesgo significativo para la vida.

Objective to reflect theoretically and critically the scenario of the health situation of LGBTI+ people in face of the Covid-19 in the context of a pandemic in Brazil. Method A theoretical and reflective study structured on the theoretical and analytical framework of gender and empirical findings on the pandemic of the new Coronavirus, causing the Covid-19. It was carried out the unstructured decomposition of findings published in digital media and scientific databases on Covid-19, as well as the intersection with the health of LGBTI+ people, especially in Brazil. Results There are negative repercussions generated by Covid-19 on the health of LGBTI+ people, which are intensified by biopolitical actions that determine human exposure to vulnerability, denial of rights, discrimination, violence and inequalities, which potentialize health degradation and the human condition. Conclusion The appearance of Covid-19 precipitates and intensifies the vulnerabilities and inequities in the health of LGBTI+ people, leading them to marginalization and expressive risk to life.

Characterization of oncogene suppressor marker expression in patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of p53 and p21ras p21wafl, p27kip1 and p16ink4a expression in cases of early gastric cancer. A total of 81 patients who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy between 1971 and 2004 were retrospectively investigated. The immunohistochemical expression of p21ras, p53, p21waf1/cip1, p27kip1 and p16ink4a in the tissues was evaluated. In normal, metaplastic and tumoral mucosa, p53 was positive in 53, 87.3, and 87.1% of the cases, respectively. In the same tissues, p21ras was positivE in 85.3, 86 and 96.8%, respectively. Positivity FOR p16ink4a was DETECTED IN 46.3, 91.1 and 86% OF THE CASES, respectively, WHEREAS p27kip1 WAS positiVE IN 60, 94.7 and 95.3%, and p21wafl/cip1 WAS positivE IN 32.4, 72.7 and 71.4% OF THE CASES, respectively. All THE tumors WERE positive for p53. Tumors with lymph node invasion presented WITH OVERexpression (+4) of p53 in 47% of the cases VS. 17% OF patients who DID not HAVE lymph node involvement. THEREFORE, higher expression of p53, p21ras and p21wafl/cip1 IN the tumor exhibited a statistically significant association with lymph node involvement.

Absence of RKIP expression is an independent prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer patients.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and the presence of lymph node metastasis an important prognostic factor. Downregulation of RKIP has been associated with tumor progression and metastasis in several types of neoplasms, being currently categorized as a metastasis suppressor gene. Our aim was to determine the expression levels of RKIP in gastric tissues and to evaluate its impact in the clinical outcome of gastric carcinoma patients. RKIP expression levels were studied by immunohistochemistry in a series of gastric tissues. Overall, we analysed 222 non-neoplastic gastric tissues, 152 primary tumors and 42 lymph node metastasis samples. We observed that RKIP was highly expressed in ~83% of non-neoplastic tissues (including normal tissue and metaplasia), was lost in ~56% of primary tumors and in ~90% of lymph node metastasis samples. Loss of RKIP expression was significantly associated with several markers of poor clinical outcome, including the presence of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the absence of RKIP protein constitutes an independent prognostic marker for these patients. In conclusion, RKIP expression is significantly lost during gastric carcinoma progression being almost absent in lymph node metastasis samples. Of note, we showed that the absence of RKIP expression is associated with poor outcome features of gastric cancer patients, this being also an independent prognostic marker.

In silico analysis and immunohistochemical characterization of NaPi2b protein expression in ovarian carcinoma with monoclonal antibody Mx35.

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian adenocarcinoma is frequently detected at the late stage, when therapy efficacy is limited and death occurs in up to 50% of the cases. A potential novel treatment for this disease is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes phosphate transporter sodium-dependent phosphate transporter protein 2b (NaPi2b). MATERIALS AND METHODS: To better understand the expression of this protein in different histologic types of ovarian carcinomas, we immunostained 50 tumor samples with anti-NaPi2b monoclonal antibody MX35 and, in parallel, we assessed the expression of the gene encoding NaPi2b (SCL34A2) by in silico analysis of microarray data. RESULTS: Both approaches detected higher expression of NaPi2b (SCL34A2) in ovarian carcinoma than in normal tissue. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis indicates that SCL34A2 is the only gene of the several phosphate transporters genes whose expression differentiates normal from carcinoma samples, suggesting it might exert a major role in ovarian carcinomas. Immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data have also shown that 2 histologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma express particularly high levels of NaPi2b: serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas. Serous adenocarcinomas are the most frequent, contrasting with clear cell carcinomas, rare, and with worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: This identification of subgroups of patients expressing NaPi2b may be important in selecting cohorts who most likely should be included in future clinical trials, as a recently generated humanized version of MX35 has been developed.

A premenopausal woman with virilization secondary to an ovarian Leydig cell tumor.

BACKGROUND: A 33-year-old woman presented to an endocrinology clinic with a 5-year history of secondary amenorrhea. 2 years before presentation, she had noticed progressively worsening signs of virilization. INVESTIGATIONS: Measurement of levels of serum free and total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and gonadotropins; transvaginal ultrasonography, abdominal and pelvic MRI and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging. DIAGNOSIS: Virilization secondary to an ovarian Leydig cell tumor. MANAGEMENT: The patient underwent a left salpingo-oophorectomy that confirmed the diagnosis of a unilateral Leydig cell tumor. Complete normalization of androgens and gonadotropin levels was achieved after surgery.

Lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression are significantly different among benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine neoplasia worldwide. The route for metastasis and loco-regional invasion preferentially occurs by lymphatic vessels. For this reason, the assessment of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) is supposed to represent both a prognostic parameter and also a potential therapeutic target. In order to evaluate the value of LVD in benign and malignant thyroid lesions, we analyzed 110 thyroidectomy specimens using D2-40, a specific marker for lymphatic vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), the most potent molecule of lymphatic proliferation. LVD was significantly different between papillary and follicular carcinomas in total (p = 0.045) and peritumoral area (p = 0.042). Follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma showed an important difference of intra- (p = 0.019) and peritumoral (p = 0.033) LVD. VEGF-C was more markedly expressed in malignancies than in benign lesions (p = 0.0001). Almost all cancers with high positive VEGF-C expression also exhibited increased peritumoral LVD (p = 0.049) when compared with the benign lesions. Indeed, the high peritumoral LVD of malignant thyroid lesions is an important finding for surgery planning and supports the practice of total thyroidectomy in malignant thyroid neoplasm's since the lymphatic peritumoral vessels definitely are an escape path for tumor cells.

The prognostic value of CD147/EMMPRIN is associated with monocarboxylate transporter 1 co-expression in gastric cancer.

The aim of the present work was to assess the role of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), namely MCT1 and MCT4 as well as MCT/CD147 co-expression in gastric tissues and evaluate their clinico-pathological significance in gastric carcinoma. For that, we analysed the immunohistochemical expression of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147, in a large series of gastric samples, including non-neoplastic, tumour and metastatic tissues. A significant decrease in MCT4 plasma membrane expression was observed from non-neoplastic to gastric primary malignant tissues and to lymph-node metastasis and both MCT1 and MCT4 correlated with CD147. Importantly, both MCT4 and CD147 were more frequently expressed in Lauren's intestinal-type tumours and MCT1/CD147 co-expression was associated with advanced gastric carcinoma, Lauren's intestinal type, TNM staging and lymph-node metastasis. Our results showed that the prognostic value of CD147 was associated with MCT1 co-expression in gastric cancer cells, supporting the view that CD147 plasma membrane activity is dependent on MCT co-expression.