ABSTRACT
Introdução: A influência do consumo de composto lácteo na nutrição de crianças em primeira infância ainda é desconhecida, apesar de o produto movimentar um mercado multimilionário. Objetivo: Avaliar a composição nutricional do composto lácteo e a influência de seu consumo sobre as necessidades diárias de macronutrientes e energia de crianças pequenas. Métodos: A pesquisa foi dividida em três partes, sendo: a) avaliação da composição nutricional e ingredientes; b) comparação do composto lácteo brasileiro com uma proposta de padronização; c) cálculo de inadequação nutricional e influência do consumo de composto lácteo em crianças pequenas. Resultados: Foi possível categorizar o produto em três subgrupos, de acordo com os ingredientes, sendo: grupo 1 (soro de leite, açúcar e gordura vegetal), grupo 2 (adição de vitaminas e minerais) e grupo 3 (ampla lista de ingredientes, sem adição de açúcares e adição de bioativos). De forma geral, o composto lácteo tem como características: excesso de proteínas e açúcares de adição, predominância de gorduras saturadas, além de aditivos químicos. Em comparação com a proposta de composição ideal, o composto lácteo brasileiro excede todos os nutrientes analisados e, por fim, o consumo de dois copos de 200mL de composto lácteo por dia corresponde a 100% das necessidades diárias de proteína, sendo as crianças de 0 a 11 meses as mais prejudicadas. Conclusão: Independentemente do subgrupo e do ingrediente, o produto tem impacto negativo na saúde infantil, e quanto menor a idade de introdução, maior o impacto na saúde, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade.
Introduction: The influence of consuming growing-up milk on the nutrition of infants is still unknown, despite the product driving a multimillion-dollar market. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition of the growing-up milk and the influence of its consumption on the daily macronutrient and energy needs of young children. Methods: The research was divided into three parts, namely: a) evaluation of nutritional composition and ingredients; b) comparison of the Brazilian growing-up milk with a proposed standardization; c) calculation of nutritional inadequacy and the influence of growing-up milk consumption in young children. Results: It was possible to categorize the product into three subgroups based on ingredients, namely: group 1 (whey, sugar, and vegetable fat), group 2 (added vitamins and minerals), and group 3 (a wide range of ingredients, no added sugars, and addition of bioactives). Overall, the growing-up milk is characterized by excess protein and added sugars, a predominance of saturated fats, and the presence of chemical additives. Compared to the proposed ideal composition, the Brazilian growing-up milk exceeds all analyzed nutrients. Finally, consuming two 200mL glasses of growing-up milk per day corresponds to 100% of daily protein needs, with children aged 0 to 11 months being the most affected. Conclusion: Regardless of the subgroup and ingredient, the product has a negative impact on children's health, and the younger the age of introduction, the greater the impact on health, potentially leading to the development of overweight and obesity.
Subject(s)
Breast-Milk Substitutes , Child Nutrition , Food, Processed , Infant Food , Brazil , Child Health , Pediatric ObesityABSTRACT
AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the best conditions to produce invertase by Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM and to immobilize and apply the enzyme. METHODS AND RESULTS: The maximum production was verified in 8 days of cultivation at 28°C supplemented with 10 g L-1 apple peel, reaching 1054.85 U ml-1 . The invertase was purified from the DEAE-Sephadex column. The derivative immobilized in alginate-gelatin-calcium phosphate showed reusability >50% for 19 cycles. The derivative immobilized in glutaraldehyde-chitosan showed greater thermostability and at a different pH. The hydrolysis of 15 ml of sucrose 500 g L-1 in a fixed bed reactor (total volume of 31 ml) produced 24.44 µmol min-1 of glucose and fructose at a residence time of 30 min and a conversion factor of 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: The new wild strain C. echinulata PA3S12MM presents high invertase production in medium supplemented with an agro-industrial residue and the immobilized enzyme showed high thermal stability and resistance at a different pH. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The fungus C. echinulata PA3S12MM is an excellent producer of invertases in Vogel medium supplemented with apple peel. The enzyme is promising for industrial application since it has good performance in reusability and inverted sugar production.
Subject(s)
Cunninghamella , beta-Fructofuranosidase , Cunninghamella/metabolism , Enzyme Stability , Enzymes, Immobilized , Fructose , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Temperature , beta-Fructofuranosidase/metabolismABSTRACT
This study, was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of the essential oil (EO) and fractions (FR) obtained from Laurus nobilis leaves on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Eight fractions were obtained, however FR1: sabinene (37.83%), ß-pinene (13.50%), 1,8-cineole (12.66%), α-pinene (12.56%) and FR8: α-terpineol (79.19%) were highlighted as to the larvicidal potential when submitted by Larval Packet Test. The EO was tested by the Adult Immersion Test, at concentrations of 200.00; 100.00 and 50.00 µL/mL caused mortality of engorged females, egg mass reduction and hatching inhibition. Two fractions are shown to be efficient in controlling larvae FR8 (LC50 = 0.13 µL/mL, LC99 = 0.51 µL/mL) and FR1 (LC50 = 0.20 µL/mL, LC99 = 0.56 µL/mL). The fractionation of EO was determinant to elucidate which compounds were responsible for the larvicidal potential. This study opens new perspectives to direct new bioassays with the compounds obtained in the fractionation, since they present high potential on cattle tick larvae.
Subject(s)
Acaricides/pharmacology , Ericaceae/chemistry , Larva/drug effects , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Rhipicephalus/drug effects , Animals , Bicyclic Monoterpenes/analysis , Cattle , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes/analysis , Female , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites in cattle breeding worldwide, causing direct and indirect losses to animals and producers. Chemical acaricides are utilized in the control of cattle tick and the increase in the development of resistance by ectoparasites makes new alternative necessary. Therefore, research studies have been carried out using bioactive molecules that are quickly degraded and that reduce poisoning to appliers and non-target organisms, environmental contamination and development of resistance. Thus, this study aimed to isolate piperovatine from the roots of Piper corcovadensis, a native species to Brazil, and to evaluate the larvicidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus by larval packet test and in ex situ in an open environment. Piperovatine was isolated by classical column chromatography, and identified by 1H and 13C NMR. The lethal concentration (LC) of piperovatine that killed 50% (LC50) and 99% (LC99) of the larvae was determined by Probit analysis. The results indicated LC50 5.17 and LC99 25.41 µg/mL. LC99 was tested in ex situ in an open environment, and an efficiency of 96.63% was found, indicating that piperovatine kept the larvicidal action determined in in vitro test and in open environment. Therefore, this study shows new perspectives to develop products that can be applied in natural conditions to control this ectoparasite.
Subject(s)
Acaricides/administration & dosage , Ectoparasitic Infestations/veterinary , Larva/drug effects , Sorbic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Acaricides/chemistry , Acaricides/isolation & purification , Animals , Biological Products/administration & dosage , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Drug Discovery , Ectoparasitic Infestations/drug therapy , Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology , Female , Piper/anatomy & histology , Piper/chemistry , Sorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Sorbic Acid/chemistry , Sorbic Acid/isolation & purification , Tick Control/methods , Tick Infestations/drug therapy , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Ticks/drug effects , Ticks/physiologyABSTRACT
As indústrias filetadoras de pescado promovem uma grande geração de resíduos e estes geralmente têm um destino incorreto. No entanto, a transformação destes resíduos em produtos para a alimentação humana, como o desenvolvimento de hidrolisados proteicos de pescado, é uma excelente opção de renda para as indústrias. Estes hidrolisados apresentam grande potencial na recuperação de valiosa matéria-prima, podendo resultar em propriedades funcionais e bioativas aceitáveis e valor nutricional apreciável no produto final. Dessa forma, foram desenvolvidos empanados de peixe com inclusão parcial (8%) de hidrolisados proteicos de tilápia do Nilo em sua formulação e caracterizados de acordo com sua composição centesimal, microbiológica e sensorial. Os empanados apresentaram composição centesimal semelhante entre si, com 62,32, 64,18 e 65,05% de umidade; 12,36, 12,69 e 13,02% de proteína; 2,93, 2,84 e 2,79% de extrato etéreo; 1,28, 1,46 e 1,49% de matéria mineral e 21,11, 18,83 e 17,65% de carboidratos respectivamente para os empanados com o hidrolisado H1, com o hidrolisado H2 e os controles. Com relação aos resultados microbiológicos, os empanados apresentaram valores dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação vigente. Quanto à análise sensorial, os empanados foram bem aceitos pelos provadores (n=35), apresentando aceitação com médias de pontuação acima de 7, que representa uma pontuação acima do termo ?gostei moderadamente?, no entanto os empanados não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si. Portanto, a inclusão de hidrolisados proteicos de pescado na formulação de empanados de peixe é uma boa alternativa para substituição parcial da carne, já que praticamente mantiveram seu valor nutricional, apresentaram boa qualidade sanitária e foram bem aceitos pelos consumidores.
The fish fillets industries promote a great generation of waste and these usually have an incorrect destination. However, the waste transformation in products for human consumption, as the development of fish protein hydrolyzed, is an excellent choice of income for the industry. These hydrolyzed have great potential in the recovery of valuable raw materials and may result in acceptable functional and bioactive properties and appreciable nutritional value of the final product. Thus, it was developed breaded fish with partial inclusion (8%) of Nile tilapia hydrolyzed protein in its formulation and characterized according to their chemical composition, microbiological and sensory. The breaded showed similar chemical composition, with 62,32, 64,18 and 65,05% for moisture; 12,36, 12,69 and 13,02% for protein; 2,93, 2,84 and 2,79% for lipids; 1,28, 1,46 and 1,49% for ash and 21,11; 18,83 and 17,65% for carbohydrates, respectively for H1 hydrolyzed, H2 hydrolyzed and without hydrolyzed. In relation of the microbiological results, the breaded showed values inside law. As for the sensory analysis, the breaded was very well accepted by the panel (n=35), with means of acceptance scores above 7, which represents a score above the word ?like moderately?, however the breaded did not show significant differences between themselves. Therefore, the inclusion of fish protein hydrolyzed in the formulation of breaded fish is a good alternative to partial replacement of meat, since practically maintained their nutritional value, good quality health and had been well accepted by consumers.
Subject(s)
Protein Hydrolysates , Cichlids , Food Composition , FishesABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver almôndega e quibe de pescado de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) para utilização na merenda escolar e realizar a avaliação quanto aos parâmetros microbiológicos, composicionais e sensoriais.
Subject(s)
Food Analysis , Feeding Behavior , Fish Products , School Feeding , Brazil , Food MicrobiologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi de preparar empanados de pescado e avaliar a composição centesimal, os parâmetros microbiológicos e a análise sensorial do produto. Os peixes utilizados foram jundiá (Rhamdiaquelen), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram realizadas análises de umidade, proteínas, extrato etéreo dos peixes in natura e dos empanados. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas para coliformes a 45°C, Salmonella spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva dos peixes in natura e dos empanados. Os empanados dos três pescados foram submetidos ao teste de aceitação em relação à aparência, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global e de pontuação para a intensidade de sabor. As análises microbiológicas e de composição centesimal estavam em conformidade com os parâmetros exigidos pela legislação vigente. No teste de aceitação, os empanados foram estatisticamente iguais (p≤0,05) para os todos os atributos, menos para o sabor, em que pacu e jundiá apresentaram-se estatisticamente diferentes. Todas as amostras tiveram alta aceitação com notas superiores a 7,13. Pelo teste de pontuação não houve diferença significativa a 5% entre as amostras com relação ao sabor. Quanto à intenção de compra, a tilápia mostrou ser a preferida, contudo há indicação de aceitabilidade dos empanados dos três tipos de peixes no mercado.
This study aimed at preparing breaded fishes and evaluating the centesimal characteristics, microbiologicalparameters, and the products sensorial analysis. Catfish (Rhamdia quelen), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus),and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in natura and prepared as breaded fishes were analyzed on humidity, proteinand ethereal extract contents. For microbiological analysis in both forms of the investigated fishes includedcoliforms at 45°C, Salmonella spp. and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. The three breaded fishes were assessedon acceptance test as for the appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and on the global and flavor intensity ranking. The microbiological and centesimal composition analyses were in compliance with the parameters required by the current legislation. As to the acceptance test, no significant differences on all the characteristics were shown among the three breaded fishes (p≤0.05), except for the flavor as pacu and catfish were statisticallydifferent. All the samples were highly approved with grades superior to 7.13. The ranking test showed no significant difference at 5% among the samples on the flavor. On the purchase intention by consumer, tilapia ranked first, however, the results indicate that there is a market for all three breaded fishes kinds.
Subject(s)
Food Analysis , Food Microbiology , FishesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi de produzir massa fresca de macarrão com a incorporação de peixe defumado e avaliar as características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais. O peixe utilizado para este experimento foi o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), cultivados em tanques rede no Reservatório da Itaipu Binacional no Município de Santa Helena - PR. Foram realizadas análises quanto aos teores de lipídios, umidade, proteínas, minerais totais, carboidratos e valor calórico, além da qualidade microbiológica do produto in natura e da massa de macarrão. A massa de macarrão foi submetida também à análise sensorial com avaliação dos atributos de aparência, cor, odor, sabor e textura. A massa de macarrão apresentou valores de 15,21% de proteínas; as análises físico-químicas indicaram alto teor protéico. Quanto à análise microbiológica do produto, os resultados obtidos apresentaram-se em conformidade com os valores exigidos pela legislação e, portanto, adequado para o consumo humano. A avaliação sensorial da massa de macarrão indicou alta aceitabilidade com 97% de aprovação. O acréscimo de carne de pescado na formulação da massa de macarrão apresentou vantagens qualitativas e quantitativas com relação à sua composição química, além de alta aceitabilidade do produto desenvolvido, o que mostra a viabilidade de sua produção.
The purpose of this study is to prepare fresh paste pasta with the addition of smoked fish, and to assess the microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics, and the sensory aspects. Pacu fish (Piaractusmesopotamicus) bred in captivity in the Binational Itaipu Reservoir located in the City of St. Helena PR was analyzed on the contents of lipids, protein, total minerals, carbohydrates, moisture and caloric value. TheMicrobiological quality of the fresh product and the prepared pasta was assessed. The sensory aspects of thepasta were used to evaluate the appearance, color, odor, taste and texture characteristics. The pasta paste had 15.21% protein. The physical-chemical analysis on pasta showed high protein contents; and the microbiological results complied with the values established by the legislation in effect, being suitable for human consumption. The acceptability of sensory features on the prepared pasta had 97% of approval. The addition of fish meat in the pasta paste formulation furnished qualitative and quantitative advantages regarding the chemical composition besides the high acceptance, indicating the feasibility of its production.
