ABSTRACT
Hantaviruses are important contributors to disease burden in the New World, yet many aspects of their distribution and dynamics remain uncharacterized. To examine the patterns and processes that influence the diversity and geographic distribution of hantaviruses in South America, we performed genetic and phylogeographic analyses of all available South American hantavirus sequences. We sequenced multiple novel and previously described viruses (Anajatuba, Laguna Negra-like, two genotypes of Castelo dos Sonhos, and two genotypes of Rio Mamore) from Brazilian Oligoryzomys rodents and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases and identified a previously uncharacterized species of Oligoryzomys associated with a new genotype of Rio Mamore virus. Our analysis indicates that the majority of South American hantaviruses fall into three phylogenetic clades, corresponding to Andes and Andes-like viruses, Laguna Negra and Laguna Negra-like viruses, and Rio Mamore and Rio Mamore-like viruses. In addition, the dynamics and distribution of these viruses appear to be shaped by both the geographic proximity and phylogenetic relatedness of their rodent hosts. The current system of nomenclature used in the hantavirus community is a significant impediment to understanding the ecology and evolutionary history of hantaviruses; here, we suggest strict adherence to a modified taxonomic system, with species and strain designations resembling the numerical system of the enterovirus genus.
Subject(s)
Orthohantavirus/classification , Geography , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Humans , Phylogeny , South America , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
We associated Laguna Negra virus with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and a previously unidentified potential host, the Calomys callidus rodent. Genetic testing revealed homologous sequencing in specimens from 20 humans and 8 mice. Further epidemiologic studies may lead to control of HPS in Mato Grosso State.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/veterinary , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Rodent Diseases/virology , Animals , Arvicolinae , Bayes Theorem , Brazil/epidemiology , Genetic Variation , Orthohantavirus/classification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Humans , Likelihood Functions , Mice , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics , Phylogeny , Rodent Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
To study the dynamics of wild rodent populations and identify potential hosts for hantavirus, we conducted an eco-epidemiologic study in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. We detected and genetically characterized Castelo dos Sonhos virus found in a species of pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys utiaritensis).
Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Hantavirus Infections/veterinary , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Rodent Diseases/epidemiology , Sigmodontinae/virology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Rodent Diseases/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
To confirm circulation of Anajatuba virus in Maranhao, Brazil, we conducted a serologic survey (immunoglobulin G ELISA) and phylogenetic studies (nucleocapsid gene sequences) of hantaviruses from wild rodents and persons with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This virus is transmitted by Oligoryzomys fornesi rodents and is responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this region.
Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs/virology , Environmental Monitoring , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Sigmodontinae/virology , Adult , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Contact Tracing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/veterinary , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/genetics , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
We describe evidence of circulation of hantaviruses in the influence area of the Santarém-Cuiabá Highway (BR-163) in the Brazilian Amazon through the prevalence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses in inhabitants living in four municipalities of this area: Novo Progresso (2.16%) and Trairão (4.37%), in state of Pará (PA), and Gua-rantã do Norte (4.74%) and Marcelândia (9.43%), in state of Mato Grosso. We also demonstrate the ongoing association between Castelo dos Sonhos virus (CASV) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Castelo dos Sonhos district (municipality of Altamira, PA) and the first report of CASV in the municipalities of Novo Progresso and Guarantã do Norte. The results of this work highlight the risk for a possible increase in the number of HPS cases and the emergence of new hantavirus lineages associated with deforestation in this Amazonian area after the conclusion of paving works on BR-163 Highway.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hantavirus Infections/virology , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , RNA, Viral/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Hantavirus Infections/diagnosis , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seasons , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
We describe evidence of circulation of hantaviruses in the influence area of the Santarém-Cuiabá Highway (BR-163) in the Brazilian Amazon through the prevalence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses in inhabitants living in four municipalities of this area: Novo Progresso (2.16 percent) and Trairão (4.37 percent), in state of Pará (PA), and Gua-rantã do Norte (4.74 percent) and Marcelândia (9.43 percent), in state of Mato Grosso. We also demonstrate the ongoing association between Castelo dos Sonhos virus (CASV) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Castelo dos Sonhos district (municipality of Altamira, PA) and the first report of CASV in the municipalities of Novo Progresso and Guarantã do Norte. The results of this work highlight the risk for a possible increase in the number of HPS cases and the emergence of new hantavirus lineages associated with deforestation in this Amazonian area after the conclusion of paving works on BR-163 Highway.