The Role of Animal Companions in the Bereavement Experiences of Australian Lesbians and Gay Men.

All too often, humans who experience the death of a partner are directed towards other humans for support, ignoring the important role that animal companions play in the lives of many humans. For lesbians and gay men specifically - whose grief may be disenfranchised - animal companions may play a particularly important role. This paper reports on a secondary analysis of interviews with 10 Australian lesbians or gay men who had lost a partner due to non-HIV related issues. Six of the participants spoke impromptu about the importance of animal companions following the death of a partner. Thematic analysis resulted in the development of three themes: (1) animals provide comfort and company, (2) animals serve as a reminder of partners, and (3) animals give people a reason to go on. The paper concludes by considering the importance of speaking about animals in the context of research and practice related to human bereavement.

'It makes you not want to eat': Perceptions of anti-obesity public health campaigns in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Recent research has highlighted the potentially deleterious effects of anti-obesity public health campaigns on vulnerable audiences such as those at risk of, or diagnosed with, eating disorders (ED). The qualitative experiences of campaigns in this population group have been little explored. METHODS: Twelve interviews were conducted with participants either currently or previously diagnosed with an ED using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. Participants were shown a series of real-world public health campaigns and, using a semi-structured interview guide, asked about their responses to the images used. RESULTS: Several themes emerged from the data, including the effect of campaigns on participants, perceived effect on others, and general campaign attributes. It was evident that participants felt that anti-obesity campaigns had the potential to confirm ED thoughts and behaviours, and could act as potential triggers. Participants also felt that they could impact vulnerable groups (e.g., young audiences) and stigmatise those living in larger bodies. CONCLUSION: Campaigns addressing overweight and obesity should consider reframing these conditions and care must be taken to avoid causing potential harm to vulnerable audiences.

Anti-obesity public health advertisements increase risk factors for the development of eating disorders.

Although overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are simultaneously on the rise. It is important to address the burden of disease of overweight and obesity on the population, yet there is concern that some of these efforts may be encouraging unhealthy weight control behaviours (UWCB). Using an online survey, 137 participants were exposed to four anti-obesity public health advertisements presented in random order. Weight satisfaction, shape satisfaction, desire to control weight, desire to control shape and desire to engage in UWCB were measured on a 100-point visual analogue scale. A significant effect of the experimental condition was found after exposure to Image 1 with a decrease in weight satisfaction, and increased desire to control body weight, body shape and engage in UWCB. Mean scores for UWCB also increased, on average, across all four image conditions. Public health advertisements targeting obesity risk encouraging unhealthy weight control and subsequent disordered eating behaviours. Those responsible for the implementation of such advertisements must consider very carefully the potential to cause unintended harm.

The Readiness of Australian Health Care Students to Encounter Patients Experiencing Partner Abuse.

Partner abuse is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and has been identified as a priority health care issue. Most health care students rarely receive education on partner abuse and report not feeling ready to encounter patients experiencing partner abuse. Analysis of the current readiness of health care students and can inform educational needs to address this gap. The READIness to encounter partner abuse patients Scale was delivered to a convenience sample of Australian prequalification health care students. Participant demographics and estimated hours of education were also reported. Mean readiness scores were calculated by discipline. The relationship between hours of education and readiness scores was calculated using linear regression. A total of 926 participants were included in the analysis. Approximately half of the participants (47.5%) reported less than two hours of education. Mean readiness of students was 4.99 out of 7 (SD 0.73, range 4.39-5.95). Linear regression revealed a significant association between hours of education and readiness, r(925) = .497, p < .000. Australian health care students receive little education about partner abuse, and do not report feeling ready to encounter patients experiencing partner abuse. An individual's confidence and belief in their abilities appear to be the key factor influencing overall readiness. Participants indicated a strong belief that responding to partner abuse was part of their professional role, which is a positive change from previous research. Higher hours of education is associated with higher readiness, though which educational methodologies are most impactful remains unclear.

Occupational stress and coping strategies in experienced Australian veterinarians.

BACKGROUND: Veterinarians have been identified as being at particularly high risk of stress in the workplace, this predisposes them to anxiety, depression and suicide. Previous quantitative studies have identified causes of stress and common coping strategies used by veterinarians. The current research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of veterinarian stress and ways of coping using qualitative methods. METHOD: Twelve practicing small animal veterinarians in Australia were recruited. They took part individually in semi-structured research interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to design the study and to analyse the transcripts. RESULTS: Analyses of the interview data identified an overarching theme: spending less time working in clinical settings and four main themes: Preoccupation, self-doubt, conflicting responsibilities (between care of the animal, the human client and financial demands of the business) and insufficient support. CONCLUSION: The results give a deeper understanding of sources of stress and the difficulties experienced in coping. These findings can help explain why veterinarians are leaving the profession or reducing their work hours, as well as emphasize the importance of continuing education of veterinarians on self-care and coping with stress, help with resolving ethical dilemmas, and working as a team.

Anti-obesity public health messages and risk factors for disordered eating: a systematic review.

In response to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, public health efforts to curb these conditions have been delivered in abundance. There is concern however that the messages used to target these conditions may be increasing risk factors for disordered eating. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the literature on the effects of anti-obesity public health messages on risk factors for disordered eating. Seven electronic databases were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 12 studies of various methodologies that measured one or more risk factors for disordered eating following exposure to public health messages. Few studies specifically and accurately measured disordered eating behaviours. Most studies found that messages were stigmatizing towards persons who are overweight/obese, and exacerbate thin ideals and drive for thinness. Interestingly, the same was not found for measures of body dissatisfaction. Messages promoting smaller meals were also thought to be potential triggers for disordered eating. Whilst the studies included in this review offered both quantitative and qualitative insights into how public health messages may have adverse effects on eating behaviours, there was a consistent lack of valid reporting measures and clear classification of outcomes overall. Hence, future research is recommended using valid reporting tools such as validated questionnaires, as well as prolonged exposure to the intervention condition to determine longer-term impact.

First-time mothers' experiences of preparing for childbirth at advanced maternal age.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the lived experiences of preparing for childbirth for nulliparous women aged 35-44 and determine how mature first-time mothers' can be better supported regarding childbirth preparation. DESIGN: The research study comprised a cross-sectional qualitative design utilising Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to provide a deep exploration into the experience of mature age women. SETTING: Participants resided in South Australia and Victoria, Australia, in regional, suburban and inner-city locations. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen nulliparous women aged 35-44 were recruited in their third trimester of pregnancy using purposeful sampling. METHOD: Data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews during 28-36 weeks of pregnancy. Data were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify themes of mature first-time mothers' preparations for childbirth. FINDINGS: The super ordinate theme "Building confidence for childbirth" describes mature first-time mothers' experience of preparing for childbirth. This process appears to influence women's information seeking behaviour, expectations of healthcare providers, and reflections on birth planning. CONCLUSIONS: Participants sought various support and interactions with healthcare providers, both helpful and unhelpful, with nulliparous women of advanced maternal age undertaking various preparations with the intention of a positive childbirth experience. Participants were seeking support from friends, along with conducting their own independent research and activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: It is evident that more and more women in developed countries are delaying having children into their late thirties and over, and these women report various levels of support from health practitioners. Healthcare professionals have the potential to foster more trustful relationships and empowering interactions with women, provide various resources regarding childbirth preparation, and sensitive birth planning assistance that supports women's agency along with managing risk. Guidelines based on this and other research in managing the antenatal care of women of advanced maternal age would ensure consistency, particularly in terms of risk management and childbirth.

Workplace Responses and Psychologists' Needs Following Client Suicide.

This research aimed to explore the role of workplace responses in psychologists' adaptation to client suicides. Participants were 178 psychologists who completed an online self-report questionnaire which included both open and closed questions yielding qualitative and quantitative data. Fifty-six (31.5%) participants reported one or more client suicides. Mixed results were found in terms of perceived support from the workplace following a client suicide. Psychologists reported a need for more open communication in the workplace, peer supports, space to grieve, as well as opportunities to engage in a learning process. The findings have important implications for research and for understanding the role of the workplace postvention. It also raises the need for external support to be accessible for psychologists working in private practice.

Same-Sex Partner Bereavement: Non-HIV-Related Loss and New Research Directions.

The experience of same-sex-attracted people who have lost a partner is neglected in the existing literature on bereavement. Previous research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer and questioning (LGBTIQ) populations tends to focus on the loss of a partner to HIV-related causes, and there is scant research concerning non-HIV-related bereavement. The purpose of this article is to investigate the non-HIV-related bereavement experiences of same-sex partners and to address the potential complications of disenfranchised grief. Coping with the loss of a same-sex partner and the impact of bereavement on subsequent relationships are also discussed. Implications for counseling of bereaved same-sex-attracted individuals are drawn, and recommendations for future psychological research on the experience of bereavement are made.

Parent Perceptions of Psychosocial Outcomes of Equine-Assisted Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This research explored parents' perceptions of the psychosocial outcomes of their children's experience of receiving equine-assisted interventions (EAI). Participants were the parents of six children (aged 3-14) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted and the transcript data was analysed using Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis: (1) child's improved self-concept and enhanced emotional well-being, (2) child's improved self-regulatory ability, (3) social benefits for the child, and (4) unexpected outcomes. EAI was perceived by the parents as having several levels of psychosocial benefits for their children. These benefits may also extend to parents and family through ecopsychological and "flow on" effects associated with the children's involvement in EAI programs.

Heart and spirit: research with psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists about spirituality.

In qualitative interview research with 25 psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists in London, Sydney and Melbourne, the author explored how these clinicians experienced, conceptualised and worked with spiritual issues. Bringing to bear their experience on both sides of the couch, this 'information-rich' sample of mainly senior practitioners reflected on a psychoanalytically informed view of spirituality, and its understanding in clinical practice. Two methods of analysis were used. The technique of 'narrative finding' was followed by coding of core ideas, themes and concepts expressed. Participants noted that spirit may be the 'blind spot' of psychoanalysis, and reflected that what they had wanted in their own analyses--and consider that what patients want--is to be able to have spiritual issues addressed in a similar manner to other matters, not prejudged as infantile or pathological. In participants' concepts and experience of spirit, a comfort/challenge dimension was identified. Comfort was taken in having a 'wider view', a more inclusive sense of inter-relatedness, with challenge involving a heightened sense of the unknown and a greater degree of uncertainty.