ABSTRACT
El articulo analiza los aspectos tecnicos y economicos del manejo de la calidad del agua en los reservorios, y la forma de evaluar la eficiencia y la seguridad de la gestion. Para ello se analizan casos de reservorios de distintas ciudades del mundo
Subject(s)
Water Storage , Impoundments , Organization and Administration , Water Quality , EutrophicationABSTRACT
El articulo analiza los aspectos tecnicos y economicos del manejo de la calidad del agua en los reservorios, y la forma de evaluar la eficiencia y la seguridad de la gestion. Para ello se analizan casos de reservorios de distintas ciudades del mundo
Subject(s)
Water Storage , Impoundments , Organization and Administration , Water Quality , EutrophicationABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship between sudden infant death syndrome and upper airway obstruction, we studied 14 term infants at a mean age of 11 weeks who had been identified as being at risk for sudden infant death syndrome on the basis of clinical and family histories and polygraphic monitoring. Respiratory efforts during sleep were investigated by esophageal pressure monitoring (all 14 infants) and by monitoring of flow with a pneumotachometer (6 infants). During apparently normal sleep, increased respiratory efforts were shown by intermittent increases in the magnitude of the negativity of esophageal pressure. Mild changes in tidal volume occurred occasionally, always at the lowest monitored esophageal pressure of a breath sequence. These tidal volume decreases had no impact on oxygen saturation but led to a short arousal and decreased respiratory efforts, followed by a return to normal breathing. Occasionally the abnormal increase in upper airway resistance did not lead to an immediate arousal but instead to a short obstructive apnea that was then followed by an arousal. This investigation indicates the importance of arousal mechanisms in maintaining normal breathing during sleep. Any disruption of the arousal mechanisms during sleep (including sleep fragmentation caused by repetitive arousals) may place these infants with increased upper airway resistance at risk for obstructive apnea during sleep.
Subject(s)
Airway Resistance , Sudden Infant Death , Esophagus/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Monitoring, Physiologic , Risk Factors , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology , Tidal VolumeSubject(s)
Medically Underserved Area , Schools , Speech-Language Pathology , Arizona , Colorado , Humans , New Mexico , Utah , WorkforceABSTRACT
Anterior sacral meningoceles and presacral teratomas are rare congenital malformations associated with a sacrococcygeal bony defect. The inheritance of anterior sacral meningoceles has been proposed to be X-linked dominant, whereas presacral teratomas have been reported to be autosomal dominantly inherited. Anterior meningoceles and teratomas may occur independently or in combination. We report a family in whom at least 11 individuals of three generations have partial sacral agenesis and have had either anterior sacral meningoceles, teratomas, or both. Male-to-male transmission has been documented. Although the existing literature differentiates the inheritance of anterior meningoceles from that of the teratomas, the pleiotropic effects of the gene causing these anterior sacral defects in this family is evident and is consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance.