ABSTRACT
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in 3D printing technology within the field of bioengineering. This technology offers the ability to create devices with intricate macro- and micro-geometries, as well as specific models. It has particularly gained attention for its potential in personalized medicine, allowing for the production of organ or tissue models tailored to individual patient needs. Further, 3D printing has opened up possibilities to manufacture structures that can substitute, complement, or enhance damaged or dysfunctional organic parts. To apply 3D printing in the medical field, researchers have studied various materials known as biomaterials, each with distinct chemical and physical characteristics. These materials fall into two main categories: hard and soft materials. Each biomaterial needs to possess specific characteristics that are compatible with biological systems, ensuring long-term stability and biocompatibility. In this paper, we aim to review some of the materials used in the biomedical field, with a particular focus on those utilized in veterinary medicine and ophthalmology. We will discuss the significant findings from recent scientific research, focusing on the biocompatibility, structure, applicability, and in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics of two hard and four soft materials. Additionally, we will present the current state and prospects of veterinary ophthalmology.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the effects of a combination of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol on the Schirmer tear test I (STT I) values in dogs. Ninety-eight dogs were sedated with an intramuscular injection of a combination of dexmedetomidine, 5 µg/kg body weight (BW), and butorphanol, 0.2 mg/kg BW. The effects of dexmedetomidine were reversed by administering atipamezole at the end of the procedure. The combination of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol significantly decreased tear production 15 minutes after sedation. The STT I values 15 minutes after reversal of dexmedetomidine with atipamezole were significantly higher than the STT I values 15 minutes after sedation but were significantly lower than the STT I values before sedation. Gender, weight, duration of sedation, right or left eye did not affect STT I values after sedation. It is recommended that dogs sedated with a combination of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol be treated with a tear substitute to combat decreased tear production.
Effet de l'association dexmédétomidin-butorphanol intramusculaire sur la production lacrymale chez le chien. L'étude vise à déterminer les effets de l'association dexmédétomidine-butorphanol sur les résultats du test de Schirmer I (STT I) chez le chien. Quatre-vingt-dix-huit chiens ont été sédatés avec l'association dexmédétomidine (5 µg/kg) butorphanol (0,2 mg/kg) intramusculaire. La dexmédétomidine a été antagonisée avec de l'atipamezole en fin de procédure. L'association dexmédétomidine-butorphanol diminue significativement la production lacrimale 15 minutes post-sédation. Les valeurs de STT I 15 minutes post-antagonisation de la dexmédétomidine étaient significativement plus élevées que celles de STT I 15 minutes post-sédation, mais significativement inférieures aux STT I pré-sédation. Les variables genre, poids, durée de la sédation, oeil droit/gauche, n'ont pas significativement influencé les valeurs de STT I post-sédation. L'association dexmédétomidine-butorphanol diminuant significativement leur production lacrimale il est recommandable de traiter les chiens avec des substituts lacrimaux pour éviter la sécheresse oculaire.(Traduit par les auteurs).