The best method for erection function in urethroplasty; is excision and primary anastomosis or buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare erection function (EF) after Excision and Primary Anastomosis Urethroplasty (EPAU) and Buccal Mucosal Graft Urethroplasty (BMGU) in bulbar urethral stricture. METHODS: Patients who underwent urethroplasty were identified retrospectively. The criteria for inclusion in the study were determined as being over 18 years old and under 70 years old, being sexually active. Exclusion criteria are; preoperative severe erectile dysfunction, stricture outside the bulbar urethra, psychosocial incompatibility, urethral stricture related to pelvic fracture, follow-up time less than a year. As the primary endpoint, the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was determined as a comparison of EF in the preoperative and third, sixth and twelfth months after surgery. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of the effects of demographic data, stricture and treatment characteristics on EF. RESULTS: Fifty patients were identified considering the inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was observed that there were 30 patients who underwent EPAU and 20 patients who underwent BMGU. At the third month after surgery, EF showed a statistically significant decrease in the EPAU group. In both patient groups, it was observed that the early negative effects after the operation in EF started to improve in the sixth month and returned to the baseline level by the first year. CONCLUSION: EPAU and BMGU techniques have a similar effect on EF in the medium and long term. Both methods can be used safely and effectively in the appropriate patient group.

Could Prognostic Nutritional Index be a new criteria for active surveillance of prostate cancer?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of the Prognotic Nutritional Index(PNI) value for patient selection of active surveillance(AS) in prostate cancer. METHODS: Between September 2020 and June 2022, the data of 125-patients who underwent Robot-Assisted-Laparoscopic-Prostatectomy(RALP) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were suitable for AS preoperatively. Using the pathological results of RALP, patients have been divided two groups. Patients who met the criteria for AS were defined as the first group, others were defined second. Demographic datas, PNI values and hematological parameters of the groups were compared. RESULTS: 38% (n:48) patients were found suitable for the group1, and 62%(n:77) were found suitable for the group 2. Upgrading and upstaging were found at 76 patients (61%) and 26(21%), respectively. There is no significant difference between groups on age, BMI, PSA, PSA-density, prostate volume, and PIRADS. PNI value was found higher at first group. The value of 49.45 was calculated by ROC analysis as the ideal PNI cut-off value for predicting upgrading and upstaging of prostate cancer (P < ,001). According to the both univariate and multivariate regression analysis, PNI was found a predictor for exclusion from AS (P < ,001). CONCLUSION: Upgrading and upstaging are detected at a higher rate in patients with low PNI values. The use of PNI value in the selection of patients to AS will increase the success rate of ideal patient selection.

A comparison of central corneal thickness measured using noncontact methods and ultrasonic pachymetry.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in healthy eyes using ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) with values obtained using anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the Scheimpflug camera system, and noncontact specular microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five eyes of 117 healthy individuals (56 women, 61 men) were included. All patients underwent consecutive CCT measurement with UP, the Scheimpflug camera, anterior segment SD-OCT, and specular microscopy. The four devices could be read. Measurements from the four devices were classified in pairs and compared using the paired t-test. Relations between the devices were analyzed using the Pearson test. An alpha error level of P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the healthy individuals included in the study was 34.75 ± 14.55 years (20-76). Mean CCT values were 541.21 ± 29.24 µm with UP, 539.26 ± 29.27 µm with the Scheimpflug camera system, 532.21 ± 29.53 µm with SD-OCT, and 534.45 ± 29.20 µm with specular microscopy. The differences in measurements at the paired t-test were statistically significant (P < 0.001 for all). However, measurements using the four devices exhibited significant mutual correlation (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: CCT can be measured using different devices. Noncontact methods have now begun replacing UP, regarded as the gold standard. Although CCT values obtained from different devices were correlated, the difference between these measurements was statistically significant. Therefore, the same device should be used for measurement in the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases such as corneal ectasia and glaucoma where corneal thickness is important.

Evaluation of adverse events following immunization reported during national immunization programs (Between 2017-2019 in Ankara Province).

Vaccination services are important in primary health-care service. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) began in 1981 in Turkey. Vaccines are generally safe products; although rare, undesirable effects may be observed after vaccination. In order to increase vaccination rates, vaccine acceptability and service quality; the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and performing necessary interventions are indispensable parts of vaccination programs. This study aimed to evaluate Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) cases during 2017-2019 in Ankara. A total of ~1.7 million doses of vaccine were administered, and only 71 adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were reported (0.41 cases/million doses of risk). AEFI forms were examined, and of these 71 cases, 17 (24%) were hospitalized and 54 (76%) were followed-up.

Evaluation of neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes in temporomandibular joint disorders using optical coherence tomography.

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is a process with systemic effects rather than local effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the retinal layer structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) method in order to detect possible degenerative and inflammatory process in patients with TMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five healthy controls and 34TMD patients were evaluated bilaterally in this study. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and choroidal thickness were analyzed using OCT. RESULTS: When TMD patients were compared with healthy controls, GCL and IPL volumes and RNFL thickness decreased; while choroidal thickness increased. In the unilateral TMD patients, there was no statistically significant difference in GCL, IPL, RNFL and choroidal thickness between the affected and the unaffected regions. DISCUSSION: OCT findings showed GCL and IPL volumes and RNFL thickness were decreased while choroidal thickness was increased in TMD patients. These findings suggest that TMD may cause neurodegeneration and inflammation.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness before and after strabismus surgery in paediatric patients by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effects of strabismus surgery on choroidal thickness in paediatric patients with Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty eyes of 60 children with esotropia were included. The mean age was 9.5 ± 3.1 years. The choroidal thickness was measured using SD-OCT, which was performed before the surgery and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. At the same time, the patients' visual acuity was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative values in terms of the visual acuity (P > 0.05). When compared to the preoperative values, decreases were found in the choroidal thicknesses in all of the areas measured during the first week evaluation (P < 0.05). In the postoperative first month, significant decreases were also found in the choroidal thicknesses in all the areas measured (P < 0.05); however, in the postoperative third month, there were no changes in any of the areas (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that there was a significant decrease in the choroidal thickness during the early postoperative period and no significant change in the late postoperative period in paediatric patients of double horizontal muscle surgery. Moreover, these early changes in the choroid in paediatric patients show that it does not cause a functional loss.

Impact of sodium lactate, encapsulated or unencapsulated polyphosphates and their combinations on Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus growth in cooked ground beef.

Foodborne illnesses affect the health of consumers worldwide, and thus searching for potential antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens is given an increased focus. This research evaluated the influence of sodium lactate (SL), encapsulated (e) and unencapsulated (u) polyphosphates (PP; sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; sodium acid pyrophosphate, SPP), and their combinations on Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus growth in cooked ground beef during 30 day storage at 4 or 10 °C. pH, water activity (aw), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus counts were determined. S. Typhimurium was not found in SPP-SL combination groups after 30 day storage at 4 °C (P <0.05). Lower S. Typhimurium levels were determined in only SL containing groups stored at 10 °C than group with only tested microorganism (MO, P < 0.05). Although there was no change in S. Typhimurium load in all SL incorporated groups during 10 °C storage, S. Typhimurium count increased in other groups (P < 0.05). E. coli O157:H7 in MO and STP groups showed an increase at 4 °C, whereas it decreased in SPP-SL combination groups (P < 0.05). A gradual increase in E. coli O157:H7 at 10 °C was determined in MO and only PP incorporated groups, whereas there was a decrease in STP-SL or SPP-SL combination groups (P < 0.05). E. coli O157:H7 count was stable in SL containing groups during 10 °C storage. A gradual decrease in S. aureus was determined in all treatments at 4 °C, whereas S. aureus count increased in MO and uSTP groups during 10 °C storage (P < 0.05). There was no change in S. aureus level in only eSTP or uSPP or ueSTP containing groups at 10 °C, meantime it decreased in other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest S. aureus load was achieved by uSPP-SL or eSPP-SL or ueSPP-SL combinations after 30 days at both storage temperatures (P < 0.05). In general, pH was higher in samples with STP than those with SPP and control (P < 0.05). The lowest aw was generally obtained in all SL containing groups at both storage temperatures (P < 0.05). Lower ORP was determined in all PP incorporated groups during storage at both temperatures compared to others (P < 0.05). ORP in all treatments generally increased (P < 0.05) during storage at both storage temperatures. This study showed that encapsulation is not a factor affecting antimicrobial efficiency of PP and using PP-SL combinations have synergistic effect on reducing the viability of S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus and their subsequent growth ability in cooked ground beef.

Evaluation of amalgam-related retinal neurotoxicity with optical coherence tomography findings.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the neurotoxic effect of amalgam dental fillings on plasma mercury (Hg) levels and retino-choroidal layers measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). MATERIALS/METHODS: Study participants included 56 cases with amalgam dental fillings and 44 healthy controls. All participants were examined in terms of detailed ophthalmic examination, oral examination, and body mass index (BMI). The measurement of retinal layers and choroid was performed using SD-OCT. Venous blood samples were collected and blood Hg levels were measured using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. Correlations between SD-OCT measurement results and blood Hg levels were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups in terms of age, sex, or BMI. The mean blood Hg level was 2.76 ± 1.21 µg/L in the amalgam group and 2.06 ± 1.15 µg/L in the control group ( p = 0.04). The Hg/BMI ratio was 0.12 ± 0.06 kg/m2 in the amalgam group and 0.09 ± 0.05 kg/m2 in the control group ( p = 0.01). Reduced volumes of ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer were observed in the amalgam group when compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Amalgam dental fillings can cause retinal neurotoxicity. SD-OCT can be useful for evaluating amalgam-related retinal neurotoxicity.

Factors affecting the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluating axillary metastases in invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There are conflicting results of studies on accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for axillary staging. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the efficacy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in detecting axillary metastases in invasive breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 232 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination before surgery between January 2013 and September 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Histopathological examination of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) was used as a reference to assess the efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting axillary metastases. RESULTS: While 134 (57.8%) patients had axillary metastases as detected in 18F-FDG PET/CT scans, histopathologically axillary metastases were detected in 164 (70.7%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of axillary metastasis were 72.56%, 77.94%, 88.8%, 54%, and 74.1%, respectively. The false-negative and false-positive rates were 27.4% and 22%, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients' age, estrogen receptor positivity, higher ALN SUVmax, greater tumor size, and lymph node size determined by 18F-FDG PET/CT were all significantly associated with accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for axillary metastasis. In multivariate analysis, tumor size determined by 18F-FDG PET/CT and ALN SUVmax were independent variables associated with axillary metastasis. The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for axillary metastasis was higher in patients with a larger tumor (≥19.5 mm) and a higher ALN SUVmax (≥3.2). CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT should not be routinely used for axillary staging, especially in patients with small tumors. It cannot eliminiate the necessity of sentinel lymph node biopsy. When it is used, both visual information and optimal cut-off value of axillary node SUVmax should be taken into consideration.

Impact of Added Encapsulated Phosphate Level on Lipid Oxidation Inhibition during the Storage of Cooked Ground Meat.

The effect of levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) of added encapsulated (e) phosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; sodium hexametaphosphate, HMP; sodium pyrophosphate, SPP) on lipid oxidation inhibition during storage (0, 1, and 7 d) of ground meat (chicken, beef) was evaluated. The use of eSTP and eSPP resulted in lower and higher cooking loss (CL) compared to eHMP, respectively (P < 0.05). Increasing encapsulated phosphate level (PL) enhanced the impact of phosphates on CL in both chicken and beef samples (P < 0.05). Encapsulated STP increased pH, whereas eSPP decreased pH (P < 0.05). pH was not affected by PL. The highest orthophosphate (OP) was obtained with eSTP, followed by eSPP and eHMP (P < 0.05). The level of OP determined in both chicken and beef samples increased (P < 0.05) during storage. Increasing PL caused an increase in OP (P < 0.05). The highest reduction rate in the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and LPO for both meat species were obtained with eSPP, followed by eSTP and eHMP (P < 0.05). Increasing PL resulted in lower TBARS and LPO (P < 0.05). Findings suggest that encapsulated phosphates can be a strategy to inhibit lipid oxidation for the meat industry and the efficiency of encapsulated phosphates on lipid oxidation inhibition can be enhanced by increasing PL.

Decreases in ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer volumes correlate better with disease severity in schizophrenia patients than retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: Findings from spectral optic coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: Optic coherence tomography (OCT) is a new, contactless and fast neuroimaging method. Previous studies have observed thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in many neurodegenerative diseases, and researchers have suggested that correlations exist between the thinning of the RNFL and the neurodegeneration detected with other imaging methods or the severity of illness. More recently, OCT has been used in patients with schizophrenia. RNFL thinning has also been detected in these patients. With more sophisticated devices, segmentation of the retina and measurements of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and internal plexiform layer (IPL) can be performed. METHODS: We measured the RNFL thickness and the GCL and IPL volumes in 40 treatment refractory patients with schizophrenia, 41 treatment responsive refractory patients and 41 controls using spectral-OCT, and we evaluated the correlations between the disease severity and OCT measurements. RESULTS: The global RNFL thickness and GCL and IPL volumes were decreased in the patients with schizophrenia compared with the controls. In addition, the GCL and IPL volumes were lower in the treatment refractory patients with schizophrenia compared to the treatment responsive patients. Using parameters such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores, the disease duration and number of hospitalizations, correlations between the GCL and IPL volumes and disease severity were stronger than the correlations between the RNFL and the disease parameters. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that OCT can be used to detect neurodegeneration in schizophrenia and that the GCL and IPL volumes can also be used to monitor the progression of neurodegeneration.

Effects of Different End-Point Cooking Temperatures on the Efficiency of Encapsulated Phosphates on Lipid Oxidation Inhibition in Ground Meat.

Effects of 0.5% encapsulated (e) phosphates (sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; sodium hexametaphosphate, HMP; sodium pyrophosphate, SPP) on lipid oxidation during storage (0, 1, and 7 d) of ground meat (chicken, beef) after being cooked to 3 end-point cooking temperatures (EPCT; 71, 74, and 77 °C) were evaluated. The use of STP or eSTP resulted in lower (P < 0.05) cooking loss (CL) compared to encapsulated or unencapsulated forms of HMP and SPP. Increasing EPCT led to a significant increase in CL (P < 0.05). Both STP and eSTP increased pH, whereas SPP and eSPP decreased pH (P < 0.05). The higher orthophosphate (OP) was obtained with STP or SPP compared to their encapsulated counterparts (P < 0.05). The lowest OP was determined in samples with HMP or eHMP (P < 0.05). A 77 °C EPCT resulted in lower OP in chicken compared to 74 and 71 °C (P < 0.05), dissimilar to beef, where EPCT did not affect OP. In encapsulated or unencapsulated form, using STP and SPP enhanced reduction in TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) compared with HMP (P < 0.05). Regardless of the phosphate type, more effective lipid oxidation inhibition was achieved by the use of encapsulated forms (P < 0.05). Increasing EPCT resulted in lower TBARS in beef and higher LPO values in both beef and chicken samples (P < 0.05). Findings suggest that encapsulated phosphates can be a strategy to inhibit lipid oxidation for meat industry and the efficiency of encapsulated phosphates on lipid oxidation inhibition can be enhanced by lowering EPCT.

Resultados oncológicos, funcionales y complicaciones de la prostatectomía radical transperitoneal asistida por robot / Oncologic results, functional outcomes, and complication rates of transperitoneal robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: Single centre's experience

Antecedentes: Se presentan los detalles de la intervención y los resultados oncológicos y funcionales a corto plazo de las primeras 334 experiencias de prostatectomía radical asistida por robot para el cáncer de próstata órgano confinado. Métodos: Entre agosto de 2009 y diciembre de 2012 se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos de 334 pacientes consecutivos. Los parámetros analizados fueron: preoperatorio, características peroperatorias, complicaciones postoperatorias menores y mayores, continencia de los márgenes quirúrgicos positivos y potencia y progresión bioquímica en el período de seguimiento. Resultados: La prostatectomía radical clásica extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial y de preservación de la fascia se realizó en 31, 41, 200 y 62 casos, respectivamente. El tiempo de operación promedio fue de 213,8 ± 90,1 min y la pérdida de sangre estimada media fue de 116,1 ± 58,9 cc durante la operación. Se llevó a cabo un procedimiento con preservación nerviosa de forma bilateral en 198 (59,3%) casos y de forma unilateral en 126 (37,7%) casos. El catéter se retiró en el día postoperatorio 9, 1 ± 1,9. El margen quirúrgico fue positivo en 36 (10,7%) pacientes. Las tasas globales pT2, pT3a y pT3b de MQP fueron 8 (2,4%), 12 (3,6%), 16 (4,8%), respectivamente, y las tasas de margen quirúrgico positivo y tasa de recurrencia bioquímica no fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los 4 abordajes (p > 0,05). En el período de seguimiento las tasas de continencia fueron de 74,4, 80,4, 80,5 y 96,7% (p < 0,001), y las tasas de potencia de pacientes previamente potentes fueron 64,3, 66,6, 68,1 y 74,5% (p > 0,05), en la prostatectomía clásica extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial y de preservación de la fascia, respectivamente. Conclusión: La PRAR es una técnica segura y factible en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado. El abordaje con preservación de la fascia tiene una mejor tasa de continencia. Estos resultados necesitan el apoyo de nuevos estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados

Background: We report the operative details and short term oncologic and functional outcome of the first 334 Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy experiences for organ confined prostate cancer Methods: From August 2009 to December 2012, details of 334 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed. The analyzed parameters included: preoperative, per-operative characteristics, postoperative minor and major complications, positive surgical margin continence, potency, and biochemical progression at the follow-up period. Results: The classical extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial and fascia sparing radical prostatectomy were performed in 31, 41, 200, and 62 cases, respectively. The mean operation time was 213.8 ± 90.1 minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 116.1 ± 58.9 cc during operation. A nerve-sparing procedure was performed bilaterally in 198 (59.3%) cases and unilaterally in 126 (37.7%) cases. The catheter was removed on postoperative day 9, 1 ± 1.9. Surgical margin was positive in 36 (10.7%) patients. The overall, pT2, pT3a and pT3b PSM rates were 8 (2.4%), 12 (3.6%), 16 (4.8%) respectively and PSM and BCR rates were not statistically different among four approach (P > .05). At the follow-up period, the continence rates were 74.4%, 80.4%, 80.5%, and 96.7% (P < .001), and previously potent patients’ potency rates were 64.3%, 66.6%, 68.1%, and 74.5% (P > .05), in classic extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial, and fascia sparing intrafascial prostatectomy, respectively. Conclusion: RARP is a safe and feasible technique in treatment of localized prostate cancer. Fascia sparing approach has better continence rate. This results need to be supported by new prospective, randomized studies

Oncologic results, functional outcomes, and complication rates of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: multicenter experience in Turkey including 1,499 patients.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a rising minimally invasive treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC). We present our multicenter experience of 1,499 consecutive cases with an analysis of complication rates, oncologic, and functional outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2005 through December 2012, details of 1,499 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Transperitoneal approach using a da-Vinci robotic system was used to perform RARP. Perioperative characteristics and postoperative oncologic and functional outcomes are reported. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.3 years (37-77). Mean PSA level was 8.3 ng/ml. According to D'Amico classification, the percentage of patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease cases were 65.0, 30.1, and 4.8 %, respectively. Mean operative time was 181.9 min. Mean estimated blood loss was 225.4 cc (30-1,250). Positive surgical margin (PSM) was detected in 212 (14.1 %) patients. PSM rates in pT2, pT3, and pT4 stages were 6.1, 37.1, and 100 %, respectively. The overall complication rate due to modified Clavien classification was 6.1 %. Mean follow-up time was 26.7 months. Continence, potency, and biochemical recurrence rates were 88.7, 58.2, and 2.9 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses including high-volume centers, which is the first largest series in Turkey, show that RARP is a safe procedure, has low PSM rates, high continence, and potency rates for the treatment of localized PC at experienced centers.

Oncologic results, functional outcomes, and complication rates of transperitoneal robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: single centre's experience.

BACKGROUND: We report the operative details and short term oncologic and functional outcome of the first 334 Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy experiences for organ confined prostate cancer METHODS: From August 2009 to December 2012, details of 334 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed. The analyzed parameters included: preoperative, per-operative characteristics, postoperative minor and major complications, positive surgical margin continence, potency, and biochemical progression at the follow-up period. RESULTS: The classical extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial and fascia sparing radical prostatectomy were performed in 31, 41, 200, and 62 cases, respectively. The mean operation time was 213.8±90.1minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 116.1±58.9cc during operation. A nerve-sparing procedure was performed bilaterally in 198 (59.3%) cases and unilaterally in 126 (37.7%) cases. The catheter was removed on postoperative day 9, 1±1.9. Surgical margin was positive in 36 (10.7%) patients. The overall, pT2, pT3a and pT3b PSM rates were 8 (2.4%), 12 (3.6%), 16 (4.8%) respectively and PSM and BCR rates were not statistically different among four approach (P>.05). At the follow-up period, the continence rates were 74.4%, 80.4%, 80.5%, and 96.7% (P<.001), and previously potent patients' potency rates were 64.3%, 66.6%, 68.1%, and 74.5% (P>.05), in classic extrafascial, interfascial, intrafascial, and fascia sparing intrafascial prostatectomy, respectively. CONCLUSION: RARP is a safe and feasible technique in treatment of localized prostate cancer. Fascia sparing approach has better continence rate. This results need to be supported by new prospective, randomized studies.

Combination therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of paroxetine and tadalafil combination in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). A total of 150 primary (lifelong)PE patients were randomly distributed into three groups of 50 patients each. Group 1 received 20 mg paroxetine every day for 1 month, Group 2 received 20 mg tadalafil on demand 2 h before intercourse, and Group 3 received paroxetine and tadalafil on demand 2 h before intercourse. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) scores were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the first month of therapy and 1 month after discontinuation of the treatment, while International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire scores were evaluated both prior to and after the treatment. At the end of the first month of therapy, IELT scores were compared with the basal values and statistically significant changes were detected (60.6 ± 30.2-117.3 ± 67.3, 68.5 ± 21.4-110.2 ± 37.3, 71.56 ± 40.23-175.2 ± 60.2)(P < 0.01). IELT scores after discontinuation of treatment were found to be close to the baseline IELT scores (P > 0.05). IIEF scores were evaluated both prior to and after the treatment, and no statistically significant difference was detected (P > 0.05). It is concluded that utilisation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) combination before intercourse seems to provide significantly longer ejaculatory latency times as compared with SSRI alone for a long time in patients with PE.

Encapsulated phosphates reduce lipid oxidation in both ground chicken and ground beef during raw and cooked meat storage with some influence on color, pH, and cooking loss.

Effects of encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) and sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) on lipid oxidation in uncooked (0, 2, 24h) and cooked (0, 1, 7 d) ground chicken and beef during storage were determined. Ten phosphate treatments included a control (no phosphate), three unencapsulated (u) at 0.5% and three encapsulated (e) phosphates (0.5%) each at a low (e-low) and high (e-high) coating level. Two heating rates (slow, fast) were investigated. Cooking loss (CL), pH, color, orthophosphate (OP), TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) were determined. A fast heating and uSTP resulted in lower CL (p<0.05). Orthophosphate increased with phosphate incorporation, slow heating and storage (p<0.05). Encapsulated phosphates and increased coating level reduced OP (p<0.05). Unencapsulated STP increased CIE a* and pH, whereas uSPP decreased CIE a* and pH (p<0.05). Encapsulated phosphates and the greater coating level had no effect on the pH in cooked samples. Not increased coating level but encapsulated phosphates decreased lipid oxidation in cooked samples (p<0.05).

Effect of tadalafil and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitor statin on the haemodynamics of cavernous and brachial arteries.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is usually associated with cardiovascular disease and reduced endothelial function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of tadalafil and statin on the endothelial function of cavernous and brachial arteries in healthy men and in patients with ED. The cases included in the study were as follows: 150 men with ED complaints for at least 6 months, and 50 healthy volunteers without sexual problems. Patients were randomly divided into four groups of equal numbers. Group 1 received 20 mg of tadalafil on alternate days, Group 2 received 10 mg of statin a day, Group 3 received tadalafil on alternate days and 10 mg of statin a day, and the last group served as controls. Noninvasive evaluation of brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and percentage of increase in cavernosal arteries diameter (PICAD) was conducted via ultrasound at baseline and 4 weeks after administration of tadalafil or atorvastatin. Before drug administration, FMD and PICAD values did not significantly differ among the three treatment groups. After drug administration, FMD and PICAD values significantly increased in patients receiving tadalafil and tadalafil+statin (P < 0.001), but not in patients receiving only statin. These findings suggested that use of tadalafil alone and tadalafil combined with statin improved endothelial function of cavernous and brachial arteries.

Relevance of seminal plasma nitric oxide levels and the efficacy of SSRI treatment on lifelong premature ejaculation.

The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of seminal plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment on premature ejaculation. A total of 16 men (aged 32.18 ± 3.32) with lifelong premature ejaculation [intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) <1 min] and 11 healthy men (control group) were included in this study. The healthy men formed Group 1, and the patients were randomly categorised into two groups. Group 2 patients received 20 mg day(-1) of paroxetine, and Group 3 patients received 50 mg day(-1) of sertraline for 4 weeks. Baseline and post-treatment findings were compared among the three groups. Mean baseline seminal NO levels in men with premature ejaculation were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (32.24 ± 5.61 µm l(-1) versus 19.71 ± 3.50 µm l(-1) , respectively) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the sertraline and paroxetine groups in terms of IIEF scores, IELT scores and NO levels. At the end of the first month, the mean IELT scores of the paroxetine and sertraline groups showed a significant improvement compared with the baseline values (P < 0.001). After treatment with paroxetine and sertraline, NO levels dec-reased from baseline. Our study indicates that premature ejaculation is significantly related with a higher level of seminal NO. Baseline seminal plasma NO values obtained in patients with premature ejaculation were significantly higher than in the healthy control group. After treatment with SSRIs, decreased seminal NO may retard ejaculation. Further studies are needed to confirm this suggestion and the role of NO in the pathophysiology and treatment of premature ejaculation.