Perioperative management of the vulnerable and failing right ventricle.

Under recognition combined with suboptimal management of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. The contemporary perioperative team must be prepared with an approach for early recognition and prompt treatment. In this review, a consensus-proposed scoring system is described to provide a pragmatic approach for expeditious decision-making for these complex patients with a vulnerable RV. Importantly, this proposed scoring system incorporates the context of the planned surgical intervention. Further, as the operating room (OR) represents a unique environment where patients are susceptible to numerous insults, a practical approach to anesthetic management and monitoring both in the OR and in the intensive care unit is detailed. Lastly, an escalating approach to the management of RV failure and options for mechanical circulatory support is provided.

Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with or without a Split-Thickness Skin Graft in the Surgical Management of Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone or with the addition of a split-thickness skin graft (STSG) are 2 reconstructive options available after surgical excision of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine patients undergoing these treatments and to assess clinical and patient-related outcome measures. Methods: A single-centre, retrospective analysis was conducted, evaluating surgical excision of axillary HS, with STSG and NPWT, or NPWT alone. Data collected included No. of post-operative clinic visits, time to heal, size of wound, disease recurrence, follow-up time, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9), Pain Visual Analogue Scale (PAINVAS2), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Dermatology Visual Analogue Scale (DERMVAS). Two-tailed t-test and Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon U-tests were used to assess for significant relationships. Results: One hundred five patients were included in the study, 44 who received NPWT alone, and 61 who received NPWT + STSG. There was no significant difference in follow-up time (P = .934) or No. of follow-up appointments between groups (P = .287). There was a significant difference in time to heal between groups, with STSG + NPWT observing a mean time of 2.77 months and NPWT alone observing a mean time of 4.40 months (P = .0006). There was no difference in patient-reported outcomes between the 2 groups. Conclusion: There is no difference in patient-reported outcomes with the addition of an STSG to NPWT after surgical excision of HS. Wide excision and use of NPWT alone is an effective procedure for the treatment of axillary HS.

Introduction: Le traitement des plaies par pression négative (NPWT) seule ou associée à une greffe de peau d'épaisseur partielle (STSG) sont les deux options disponibles pour la reconstruction après excision chirurgicale d'hidradénite suppurée (HS) axillaire. Le but de cette étude rétrospective était d'examiner les patients subissant ces traitements et d'évaluer les mesures des résultats cliniques et liés aux patients. Méthodes: Une analyse rétrospective monocentrique a été menée pour évaluer l'excision chirurgicale de l'HS axillaire avec NPWT et STSG ou NPWT seule. La collecte de données a inclus : le nombre de visites cliniques postopératoires, le délai de guérison, la taille de la plaie, la récidive de la maladie, la durée du suivi, l'indice de qualité de vie dermatologique (DLQI), l'évaluation du trouble anxieux généralisé (GAD-7), l'échelle de dépression du Questionnaire sur la santé du patient (PHQ-9), l'échelle visuelle analogique de la douleur (PAINVAS2), le Court Questionnaire sur la perception de la maladie (BIPQ) et la DERMVAS. Un test t de Fisher bilatéral et un test de Mann-Whitney Wilcox ont servi à évaluer les relations significatives. Résultats: 105 patients ont été inclus dans l'étude : 44 ont reçu uniquement le traitement par pression négative et 61 ont reçu NPWT + STSG. Il n'y a pas eu de différence significative dans la durée du suivi (P = 0934) ou le nombre de rendez-vous de suivi entre les groupes (P = 0287). Il y a eu une différence significative sur le délai de guérison entre les groupes avec un délai moyen de 2,77 mois pour le groupe STSG + NPWT et de 4,40 mois pour le groupe NPWT seul (P = 0,0006). Il n'y a pas eu de différence entre les deux groupes pour ce qui concernait les résultats signalés par les patients. Conclusion: L'ajout d'une greffe de peau d'épaisseur partielle (STSG) au traitement par pression négative (NPWT) n'a pas entraîné d'augmentation de problèmes signalés par les patients après excision chirurgicale d'une hidradénite suppurée. Une excision large et l'utilisation du NPWT seul constituent une procédure efficace pour le traitement de l'HS axillaire.

Improved estimation of population variance in stratified successive sampling using calibrated weights under non-response.

This paper introduces a new method to estimate the population variance of a study variable in stratified successive sampling over two occasions, while accounting for random non-response. The method uses a logarithmic type estimator and leverages information from a highly positively correlated auxiliary variable. The paper also presents calibrated weights for the new estimator and examines its properties through numerical and simulation studies. The results indicate that the suggested estimator is more effective than the standard estimator for estimating the population variance.

Evaluation of uterine antioxidants in bitches suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex.

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is a common disease in sexually mature bitches. Disease progression leads to oxidative stress, resulting in the depletion of uterine antioxidants and lipid peroxidation of associated cells, which further aggravates the condition. The concentration of antioxidant enzymes, the level of lipid peroxidation within the uterine tissue, and its reflection in the serum and urine need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the lipid peroxidation marker malonaldehyde (MDA) in three types of samples, i.e., serum, urine, and uterine tissue. For this purpose, 58 pyometra-affected and 44 healthy bitches were included in the present study. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Our data indicated highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the antioxidant concentrations of uterine, serum and urine samples. Furthermore, there was a highly significant (p<0.01) difference in the serum levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) indicated poor capacity to overcome oxidative stress in the CEH-Pyometra condition. We showed that CEH-P induces oxidative stress, which further depletes the antioxidant enzyme reserves in the uterus. Thus, the weak antioxidant defence predisposes to uterine damage and disease progression. The simultaneous depletion of antioxidants and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the serum and urine may also act as early indicators of uterine pathology.

Clinicopathological Profile and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Localised Extremity Synovial Sarcomas.

AIMS: Synovial sarcoma is a rare but aggressive variant of soft-tissue sarcoma. Literature is sparse and reported mostly from the West. We analysed the clinical profiles and prognostic factors of extremity synovial sarcoma patients in order to study their clinical journey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis. All patients with extremity synovial sarcoma treated between 1992 and 2020 were included. Patients with metastases at presentation were excluded. A descriptive analysis of demographic and clinicopathological features of patients undergoing limb salvage surgery (LSS) or amputation was carried out. Overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated for the entire cohort as well as for the LSS and amputation groups. Factors prognostic for survival were identified. RESULTS: In total, 157 patients had localised extremity synovial sarcoma. Predominantly, young adults (median 31 years) and males (61%) were affected. Over 70% of patients presented after recurrence or unplanned surgeries. Sixty-seven per cent of tumours were >5 cm, 69% were deep and 23% involved bone. The limb salvage rate was 64%. In the LSS group, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given to 72% and 68% of patients, respectively. In the amputation group, 72% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. In a median follow-up of 59 months, 39.4% of patients had recurrences, the majority (61.2%) were systemic. Five-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 53.4% and 49.8%, respectively. Overall survival was 63.9% and 29.7% in the LSS and amputation groups, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumour size, depth, omission of radiotherapy and bone invasion were found to be the adverse prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: This is one of the largest studies on extremity synovial sarcoma. Mostly males and young adults were affected. The limb salvage rate was 64%, despite most being referred after unplanned surgery. Almost 70% of patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Overall survival was inferior in the amputation group. Tumour size >5 cm, depth and bone invasion were negative, whereas adjuvant radiotherapy was a positive prognostic factor for survival. Chemotherapy had no impact on survival.

A general class of improved population variance estimators under non-sampling errors using calibrated weights in stratified sampling.

This paper proposes a new calibration estimator for population variance within a stratified two-phase sampling design. It takes into account random non-response and measurement errors, specifically applying this method to estimate the variance in Gas turbine exhaust pressure data. The study integrates additional information from two highly positively correlated auxiliary variables to develop a general class of estimators tailored for the stratified two-phase sampling scheme. The properties of these estimators, in terms of their biases and mean square errors, have been thoroughly examined and extensively analyzed through numerical and simulation studies. Furthermore, the calibrated weights of the strata are derived. The proposed estimators outperform the natural estimator of population variance. Finally, suitable recommendations have been made for survey statisticians intending to apply these findings to real-life problems.

A Comparative Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Versus Conservative Treatment.

Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury with an incidence of 68.6 in 100,000 patients per year. Despite extensive research on ACL rupture, there are insufficient high-quality studies to determine clear treatment strategies for adults lacking the ACL. This study aims to examine the functional differences between surgical and conservative treatment based on the quality of the surgical process. Methodology In this prospective, comparative study, a total of 136 patients aged between 18 and 35 years were enrolled per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the lottery system, patients were divided into the following two groups: group A (n = 71) and group B (n = 65). Group A was treated with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, whereas group B was treated conservatively (rehabilitation). Patient data, including age, sex, body mass index, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner Activity Level (TAL) score, and complications were recorded and compared. Results The demographic data were comparable, where males had dominancy in both groups. The mean IKDC and KOOS scores were higher in group A at all follow-ups compared to group B. The scores gradually increased at every follow-up till six months. At the final follow-up, the IKDC and KOOS scores were higher in group A than in group B, and a significant difference was observed among both groups. The TAL score also gradually increased at every follow-up till 6 months. At the final follow-up, the TAL score was higher in group A than in group B, with a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0032). Complications in both groups were comparable. Conclusions This study showed that both the conservatively treated group and the rebuilt group had identical outcomes, with the exception of the conservative group having greater objectively quantifiable instability. However, at the final follow-up, patients reported feeling just as satisfied with their knee without surgery, demonstrating no subjective difference in activity levels or functional outcomes. Therefore, non-athletes with an ACL-insufficient knee should still choose conservative treatment.

UNVEILING THE COMPLEX ROLE OF NF-ΚB IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: INSIGHTS INTO BRAIN INFLAMMATION AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. One of the major pathologies underlying AD is chronic neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes in the brain. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling pathway is a key regulator of inflammation and has been implicated in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with AD. This review comprehensively summarizes current findings on the complex role of NF-κB signalling in AD pathogenesis. The canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation pathways are described, along with evidence from human studies and animal models demonstrating increased NF-κB activity in AD brains. The deleterious effects of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation are discussed, including the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that exacerbate neuronal damage over time. Targeting the NF-κB pathway is proposed as a promising therapeutic approach to dampen neuroinflammation in AD. Preclinical studies utilizing genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB are reviewed, and key challenges in translating these findings to clinical applications are analyzed. Overall, this review unveils the multifaceted contributions of NF-κB signalling to AD neuropathology and highlights anti-neuroinflammatory NF-κB modulation as a potential avenue for future AD treatments. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex interactions between NF-κB and AD pathogenesis.

Evidence and opportunities for developing non-transgenic genome edited crops using site-directed nuclease 1 approach.

The innovations and progress in genome editing/new breeding technologies have revolutionized research in the field of functional genomics and crop improvement. This revolution has expanded the horizons of agricultural research, presenting fresh possibilities for creating novel plant varieties equipped with desired traits that can effectively combat the challenges posed by climate change. However, the regulation and social acceptance of genome-edited crops still remain as major barriers. Only a few countries considered the site-directed nuclease 1 (SDN1) approach-based genome-edited plants under less or no regulation. Hence, the present review aims to comprise information on the research work conducted using SDN1 in crops by various genome editing tools. It also elucidates the promising candidate genes that can be used for editing and has listed the studies on non-transgenic crops developed through SDN1 either by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or by ribo nucleoprotein (RNP) complex. The review also hoards the existing regulatory landscape of genome editing and provides an overview of globally commercialized genome-edited crops. These compilations will enable confidence in researchers and policymakers, across the globe, to recognize the full potential of this technology and reconsider the regulatory aspects associated with genome-edited crops. Furthermore, this compilation serves as a valuable resource for researchers embarking on the development of customized non-transgenic crops through the utilization of SDN1.

Bacterial production of recombinant contraceptive vaccine antigen from CatSper displayed on a human papilloma virus-like particle.

CatSper is a voltage dependent calcium ion channel present in the principal piece of sperm tail. It plays a crucial role in sperm hyperactivated motility and so in fertilization. Extracellular loops of mouse sperm CatSper were used to develop a vaccine to achieve protection from pregnancy. These loops were inserted at one of the three hypervariable regions of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) capsid protein (L1). Recombinant vaccines were expressed in E.coli as inclusion body (IB), purified, refolded and assembled into virus-like particles (VLP) in vitro, and adsorbed on alum. Four vaccine candidates were tested in Balb/C mice. All the constructs proved immunogenic, one showed contraceptive efficacy. This recombinant contraceptive vaccine is a non-hormonal intervention and is expected to give long-acting protection from undesired pregnancies.

Theileria annulata Induced Bilateral Ocular Signs in Cattle and Its Successful Therapeutic Management: A Case Report.

Bovine tropical theileriosis is one of the potentially fatal disease of dairy cattle, which is caused by hemoparasite Theleria annulata. About seven years old cross-bred cow was presented with complaint of pyrexia, inappetance, lacrimation and ocular swelling since last 5 days. The clinical examination showed elevated rectal temperature (39.4 °C), mild enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, bilateral bulging of temporal fossa, protruded pale and icteric conjunctivae of the eyes with lacrimation and presence of ticks on body. The case was suspected for haemoprotozoan disease. Blood and serum sample were collected for hematological, blood smear examination and molecular examination (PCR), and biochemical analysis respectively. Microscopic examination of blood smear revealed intra-erythrocytic signet ring shaped periplasm of Theileria annulata. Hemato-biochemical examination revealed anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and jaundice. Further, PCR assay was done using T. annulata-specific primer pair, Cyto b1 gene targeting the amplicon of 312 bp showed specific band on Gel-electrophoresis. Therapeutic regimen was started with Buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight IM single dose followed by Oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg body weight IV in 500 ml of NS for 5 days and Prednisolone @ 0.25 mg/kg body weight IM for 3 days along with supportive therapy. The cattle well responded to the therapy and complete regression of ocular signs was observed within one week of treatment.

Comment on Dao et al. Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Slow Maxillary Expansion Using a Unique Expansion Dental Appliance (DNA). Pathophysiology 2023, 30, 199-208.

I found the recent article by Dao et al. titled "Retrospective analysis of real-world data for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with slow maxillary expansion using a unique expansion dental appliance (DNA)" [...].

Indigenous chicken production system in different agro-ecology of Indian Himalayan Region: implication on food and economic security.

The indigenous chicken production system (ICPS) has several use values and ecosystem services. In the last few years, ICPS has been recognized for its possible contribution to household food security, income generation, wildlife protection, and bettering the women's lives. This study aimed to collect, for the first time, comprehensive information about ICPS in three different agro-ecologies (tropical, sub-tropical, and sub-temperate) of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and its role in food and economic security of traditional communities. In this study region, ICPS is semi-extensive, providing homegrown feed and temporary night shelter. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, females owned non-significant (p = 0.170) more indigenous chicken flocks than males. Households in sub-temperate agro-ecologies had significantly (p ≤ 0.001) larger flock sizes and tropical livestock units (chicken-TLU). However, the livestock diversity index (LDI) was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in tropical and subtropical agro-ecology. The households in the sub-temperate region highly (p ≤ 0.001) valued indigenous chicken because of its survivability and adaptability. In absolute numbers significant (p ≤ 0.001) higher numbers of adult birds died in past 1 year in sub-temperate agro-ecology. The mortality rate of adult birds in sub-temperate agro-ecology was 9%, and it was 14 and 15% in tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecologies, respectively. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, larger flock size translated into significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) egg production and subsequently a significant (p ≤ 0.001) higher egg consumption per household per month. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, households' dietary diversity score was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher. Similarly, the average annual income from ICPS was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in sub-temperate agro-ecology and accounted for 18% of household income. ICPS' marketing chain was relatively short in the sub-temperate region. In all agro-ecologies, indigenous chicken and egg demand was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in the winter. ICPS litter is used as farmyard manure, enhancing ecological resilience. In all agro-ecologies, the three most frequently cited obstacles to extending the indigenous chicken production system are illnesses, predators, and a lack of chicks availability. ICPS contributes to food and nutritional security, economic stability, and ecological resilience in this hilly and fragile ecosystem. Even though the system is self-sustaining, management and health interventions can increase production and productivity.

CT coronary angiography as an alternative imaging method to ascertain cardiac output and its correlation with echocardiography.

AIM: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of cardiac output (CO) obtained using a test bolus in patients scanned with single-source prospective-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT), and comparing it with CO obtained from unenhanced two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography using biplane Simpson's method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 100 patients with a mean age of 55 ± 12 years who underwent coronary CT angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated CT in which the scan delay was evaluated using a test bolus. The time-attenuation curves obtained from the test bolus were used to calculate the CO of the patients. The CO obtained was then compared with that obtained after follow-up 2D echocardiography using biplane modified Simpson method. RESULTS: Linear regression was calculated between the CO and contrast enhancement: CO = -0.16(HUmax) + 7.65. The study showed good correlation between the two methods with r=0.77, p<0.001. On Bland-Altman analysis, no significant difference was noted between the two methods. CONCLUSION: This less researched method for CO estimation appears feasible; however, the clinical usefulness of this parameter is uncertain in absence of further clinical and reference standard validation.

Post-COVID-19 vaccine uveitis: A case series.

OBJECTIVE: With the recent emergence and worldwide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, many side effects may be underreported and possibly unknown. Cases of vaccine-associated uveitis have been linked to almost all vaccines administered in the past; however, there is scarcity of literature providing insight into post-COVID-19 vaccine-associated uveitis. This case series documents patients presenting with uveitis after administration of the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines, in hope of advancing our current understanding of potential ocular complications of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: Patients with ocular symptoms consistent with uveitis within 14 days after administration of the Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines were included in this case series. RESULTS: Eight patients with a mean age of 44.4 years (range, 19-83) were included. Six patients received a Pfizer, and 2 received a Moderna vaccine. Four patients presented after their first dose, 3 after their second dose, and 1 after both doses. The mean onset of ocular symptoms after the vaccine was 5.19 days (range, 1-14), and the mean BCVA was 0.678. Patients were diagnosed with bilateral anterior granulomatous uveitis (case 1), unilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (case 2, 5-8), and bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (case 3-4). CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of vaccine-induced uveitis is not properly understood; however, the outcomes of this case series will aid in establishing a temporal association between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines and the onset of uveitis. As the rate of COVID-19 vaccinations increases globally, it is imperative for physicians to be aware of the possible association and presentation of these ocular findings and diagnoses in order to treat patients effectively.

Evolution of neural network to deep learning in prediction of air, water pollution and its Indian context.

The scenario of developed and developing countries nowadays is disturbed due to modern living style which affects environment, wildlife and natural habitat. Environmental quality has become or is a subject of major concern as it is responsible for health hazard of mankind and animals. Measurements and prediction of hazardous parameters in different fields of environment is a recent research topic for safety and betterment of people as well as nature. Pollution in nature is an after-effect of civilization. To combat the damage already happened, some processes should be evolved for measurement and prediction of pollution in various fields. Researchers of all over the world are active to find out ways of predicting such hazard. In this paper, application of neural network and deep learning algorithms is chosen for air pollution and water pollution cases. The purpose of this review is to reveal how family of neural network algorithms has applied on these two pollution parameters. In this paper, importance is given on algorithm, and datasets used for air and water pollution as well as the predicted parameters have also been noted for ease of future development. One major concern of this paper is Indian context of air and water pollution research, and the research potential presents in this area using Indian dataset. Another aspect for including both air and water pollutions in one review paper is to generate an idea of artificial neural network and deep learning techniques which can be cross applicable for future purpose.

Genome-wide association mapping of genomic regions associated with drought stress tolerance at seedling and reproductive stages in bread wheat.

Understanding the genetic architecture of drought stress tolerance in bread wheat at seedling and reproductive stages is crucial for developing drought-tolerant varieties. In the present study, 192 diverse wheat genotypes, a subset from the Wheat Associated Mapping Initiative (WAMI) panel, were evaluated at the seedling stage in a hydroponics system for chlorophyll content (CL), shoot length (SLT), shoot weight (SWT), root length (RLT), and root weight (RWT) under both drought and optimum conditions. Following that, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using the phenotypic data recorded during the hydroponics experiment as well as data available from previously conducted multi-location field trials under optimal and drought stress conditions. The panel had previously been genotyped using the Infinium iSelect 90K SNP array with 26,814 polymorphic markers. Using single as well as multi-locus models, GWAS identified 94 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) or SNPs associated with traits recorded at the seedling stage and 451 for traits recorded at the reproductive stage. The significant SNPs included several novel, significant, and promising MTAs for different traits. The average LD decay distance for the whole genome was approximately 0.48 Mbp, ranging from 0.07 Mbp (chromosome 6D) to 4.14 Mbp (chromosome 2A). Furthermore, several promising SNPs revealed significant differences among haplotypes for traits such as RLT, RWT, SLT, SWT, and GY under drought stress. Functional annotation and in silico expression analysis revealed important putative candidate genes underlying the identified stable genomic regions such as protein kinases, O-methyltransferases, GroES-like superfamily proteins, NAD-dependent dehydratases, etc. The findings of the present study may be useful for improving yield potential, and stability under drought stress conditions.

Comparative transcriptome profiling of near isogenic lines PBW343 and FLW29 to unravel defense related genes and pathways contributing to stripe rust resistance in wheat.

Stripe rust (Sr), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is the most devastating disease that poses serious threat to the wheat-growing nations across the globe. Developing resistant cultivars is the most challenging aspect in wheat breeding. The function of resistance genes (R genes) and the mechanisms by which they influence plant-host interactions are poorly understood. In the present investigation, comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out by involving two near-isogenic lines (NILs) PBW343 and FLW29. The seedlings of both the genotypes were inoculated with Pst pathotype 46S119. In total, 1106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at early stage of infection (12 hpi), whereas expressions of 877 and 1737 DEGs were observed at later stages (48 and 72 hpi) in FLW29. The identified DEGs were comprised of defense-related genes including putative R genes, 7 WRKY transcriptional factors, calcium, and hormonal signaling associated genes. Moreover, pathways involved in signaling of receptor kinases, G protein, and light showed higher expression in resistant cultivar and were common across different time points. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to further confirm the transcriptional expression of eight critical genes involved in plant defense mechanism against stripe rust. The information about genes are likely to improve our knowledge of the genetic mechanism that controls the stripe rust resistance in wheat, and data on resistance response-linked genes and pathways will be a significant resource for future research.