ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is a reliable measure of the financial unpreparedness of the studied population to meet unexpected health issues. The alarming proportion of patients who incur CHE in the wake of an acute neurological illness like Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is of serious concern in a country like India where a large majority of households are uninsured. METHODOLOGY: Medical records of patients diagnosed with at a tertiary care centre in Delhi were analysed retrospectively to determine the rate of CHE. Clinical details and other contributory variables were also recorded. RESULTS: 53 patients with a median age of 29 years (10.5-46.5) were included in the study. Tow- third of patients were less than 40 years of age and 58.5% were male. 90.6% of patients incurred CHE with a median amount INR 273 300 spent out of pocket. CONCLUSION: The enormous magnitude of financial distress and crisis emerging out of an acute neurological illness needs to be addressed with urgency to prevent impoverishment of already weakened households.
Subject(s)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Health Expenditures , Adult , Catastrophic Illness/epidemiology , Family Characteristics , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord (IETSC) is a rare and unanticipated manifestation of CNS tuberculosis. A 28 years old female diagnosed case of tubercular meningitis (TBM), already on antitubercular therapy (ATT) for last nine months, developed sensory and motor weakness in lower limbs along with saddle anaesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast of the spine revealed the presence of multiple space occupying lesions in dorsal spinal cord. She received oral steroid therapy for six weeks with escalation of ATT after which neurological functions improved remarkably.
Subject(s)
Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculoma/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spinal Cord Diseases/drug therapy , Thoracic Vertebrae , Tuberculoma/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/drug therapyABSTRACT
The pathologic involvement of brainstem and midbrain nuclei and white matter tracts in various combinations may result in a spectrum of arithmetically derived syndromes. They include 'one and a half syndrome', 'eight and a half syndrome' and 'fifteen and a half syndrome'. We report a case of 'nine syndrome', which has been reported more recently, caused by caused by acute pontine infarcts and characterised clinically by a combination of internuclear ophthalmolplegia, ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy, lower motor neuron type of facial palsy, contralateral hemiparesis and hemianesthesia. We highlight the genesis of this combination of clinical signs, revisit the different variants of INO and review the literature on 'Nine syndrome'.
