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1.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 42(2): 114-7, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20589332

ABSTRACT

Diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. Bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. Treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia and Salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. The aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Between June 2001 and January 2008, 249 children with bloody diarrhea were studied. Shigella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were recovered from 48 (19.3%) and 3 (1.2%) of the total of cases, respectively. In 49 out of 249 children, in whom other enteropathogens were investigated, we recovered Campylobacter jejuni from 7 children (14.3%), Salmonella spp. from 2 (4.1%) and Aeromonas spp. from 1 (2%) in addition to Shigella from 7 children (14.3%). Thirty-four (70%) Shigella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and 13 (27%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All Shigella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Salmonella and STEC isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics assayed. Thus, the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin would not be appropriate for the empirical treatment of Shigella - associated diarrhea.


Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Campylobacter jejuni/drug effects , Campylobacter jejuni/isolation & purification , Child , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/complications , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Feces/microbiology , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods/drug effects , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Uruguay/epidemiology
2.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 37(1): 11-5, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15991474

ABSTRACT

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared using two DNA fingerprinting techniques: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Double-Repetitive-Element-PCR (DRE-PCR). Two of these strains: IH1 (susceptible to isoniazid) and IH2 (resistant to isoniazid) were recovered from cases of pulmonary tuberculosis which occurred in two brothers who lived together. The first one was recognized on July 1999, and the second was diagnosed one year later. IH1 and IH2 showed the same pattern of bands with both molecular tests. These results suggest that single drug chemoprophylaxis may occasionally select resistant strains for that drug, which can eventually cause disease and be recognized through these tests. Strains IH3, IH4 and IH5 were obtained from sputum samples of 3 different patients, and intra-laboratory cross-contamination was suspected when it was realized that the 3 positive materials had been consecutively processed the same day by the same worker in the same biological safety cabinet. Again, the 3 strains revealed identical band patterns with RFLP and DRE-PCR, confirming the posed suspicion. The results with DRE-PCR were obtained after only 8 hours of work, without the need for subcultures. This procedure allows quick correction of treatment conducts, avoiding unnecessary exposure of people and bacteria to antimicrobial drugs.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteriological Techniques , DNA Fingerprinting , Drug Therapy, Combination , Equipment Contamination , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Selection, Genetic , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;37(1): 11-15, ene.-mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-634484

ABSTRACT

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared using two DNA fingerprinting techniques: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Double-Repetitive-Element-PCR (DRE-PCR). Two of these strains: IH1 (susceptible to isoniazid) and IH2 (resistant to isoniazid) were recovered from cases of pulmonary tuberculosis which occurred in two brothers who lived together. The first one was recognized on July 1999, and the second was diagnosed one year later. IH1 and IH2 showed the same pattern of bands with both molecular tests. These results suggest that single drug chemoprophylaxis may occasionally select resistant strains for that drug, which can eventually cause disease and be recognized through these tests. Strains IH3, IH4 and IH5 were obtained from sputum samples of 3 different patients, and intra-laboratory cross-contamination was suspected when it was realized that the 3 positive materials had been consecutively processed the same day by the same worker in the same biological safety cabinet. Again, the 3 strains revealed identical band patterns with RFLP and DRE-PCR, confirming the posed suspicion. The results with DRE-PCR were obtained after only 8 hours of work, without the need for subcultures. This procedure allows quick correction of treatment conducts, avoiding unnecessary exposure of people and bacteria to antimicrobial drugs.


Se compararon cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizando 2 procedimientos de ADN fingerprinting: polimorfismo de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP) y Double-Repetitive-Element-PCR (DRE-PCR). Dos de las cepas: IH1 (susceptible a isoniazida) e IH2 (resistente a isoniazida) se recuperaron a partir de casos de tuberculosis pulmonar que ocurrieron en dos hermanos convivientes. La primera fue aislada en julio de 1999 y la segunda un año después. IH1 e IH2 mostraron el mismo patrón de bandas por ambos procedimientos. Estos resultados sugieren que la quimioprofilaxis con una sola droga puede ocasionalmente seleccionar mutantes resistentes, las cuales pueden causar enfermedad y ser reconocidas por estos procedimientos. Las cepas IH3, IH4 e IH5 fueron aisladas de 3 pacientes diferentes, y examinadas por probable contaminación cruzada dentro del laboratorio ya que fueron procesadas el mismo día, por el mismo operador y en la misma cabina de seguridad biológica. Nuevamente, las 3 cepas revelaron el mismo patrón de bandas por RFLP y por DRE-PCR, confirmando la sospecha. Los resultados de la DRE-PCR se obtuvieron luego de 8 horas de trabajo, sin necesidad de subcultivos. Esta técnica permitiría la rápida correción de pautas de tratamiento, evitando la exposición innecesaria de personas y bacterias a drogas antimicrobianas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteriological Techniques , DNA Fingerprinting , Drug Therapy, Combination , Equipment Contamination , HIV Infections/complications , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Selection, Genetic , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
4.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 21: 30-6, mar. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BVSNACUY | ID: bnu-13141

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en niños menores de 5 años con diarrea sanguinolenta, Shigella flexneri es el agente bacteriano más frecuentemente recuperado en nuestro medio. La shigellosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas en las cuales el tratamiento con antimicrobianos es efectivo. La elección empírica del antimicrobiano adecuado es problemática debido a la resistencia de Shigella a diversos antibióticos. Esta situación estimuló el interés en el desarrollo de vacunas para el control de esta enfermedad. Debido a que algunas vacunas están orientadas a promover la respuesta inmune serotipo específica, es importante establecer la distribución de los serotipos prevalentes en la población que interesa inmunizar. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar 50 cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas a partir de niños con diarrea sanguinolenta, recuperadas en 4 encuestas etiológicas de gastroenteritis. Método: a cada una se le realizó: serotipificación, estudio del patrón de lipopolisacárido, perfil plasmídico y estudio de sensibilidad a diferentes antimicrobianos. Resultados: los seroptipos prevalentes fueron 2a, 3c, 4, 6, y 1. Se identificaron 10 antibotipos diferentes. En los cultivos del serotipo 2a se hallaron 3 patrones plasmídicos; el 5 fue el más frecuente, seguido por el 6 y el 7. El análisis de la evolución de los antibiotipos circulantes mostró una tendencia hacia la aparición de tipos con mayor espectro de resistencia. Conclusiones: vista esta evolución, y de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, resulta de interés ensayar un inmunógeno que incluya los determinantes O específicos de los serotipor 2a, 1, 3c, 4, 6 y el de Shigella sonnei. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification , Diarrhea, Infantile/microbiology , Serotyping
5.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 21(1): 30-36, mar. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-400842

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en niños menores de 5 años con diarrea sanguinolenta, Shigella flexneri es el agente bacteriano más frecuentemente recuperado en nuestro medio. La shigellosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas en las cuales el tratamiento con antimicrobianos es efectivo. La elección empírica del antimicrobiano adecuado es problemática debido a la resistencia de Shigella a diversos antibióticos. Esta situación estimuló el interés en el desarrollo de vacunas para el control de esta enfermedad. Debido a que algunas vacunas están orientadas a promover la respuesta inmune serotipo específica, es importante establecer la distribución de los serotipos prevalentes en la población que interesa inmunizar. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar 50 cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas a partir de niños con diarrea sanguinolenta, recuperadas en 4 encuestas etiológicas de gastroenteritis. Método: a cada una se le realizó: serotipificación, estudio del patrón de lipopolisacárido, perfil plasmídico y estudio de sensibilidad a diferentes antimicrobianos. Resultados: los seroptipos prevalentes fueron 2a, 3c, 4, 6, y 1. Se identificaron 10 antibotipos diferentes. En los cultivos del serotipo 2a se hallaron 3 patrones plasmídicos; el 5 fue el más frecuente, seguido por el 6 y el 7. El análisis de la evolución de los antibiotipos circulantes mostró una tendencia hacia la aparición de tipos con mayor espectro de resistencia. Conclusiones: vista esta evolución, y de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, resulta de interés ensayar un inmunógeno que incluya los determinantes "O" específicos de los serotipor 2a, 1, 3c, 4, 6 y el de Shigella sonnei.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Shigella flexneri , Diarrhea, Infantile , Serotyping
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;37(1): 11-5, 2005 Jan-Mar.
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-38426

ABSTRACT

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared using two DNA fingerprinting techniques: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Double-Repetitive-Element-PCR (DRE-PCR). Two of these strains: IH1 (susceptible to isoniazid) and IH2 (resistant to isoniazid) were recovered from cases of pulmonary tuberculosis which occurred in two brothers who lived together. The first one was recognized on July 1999, and the second was diagnosed one year later. IH1 and IH2 showed the same pattern of bands with both molecular tests. These results suggest that single drug chemoprophylaxis may occasionally select resistant strains for that drug, which can eventually cause disease and be recognized through these tests. Strains IH3, IH4 and IH5 were obtained from sputum samples of 3 different patients, and intra-laboratory cross-contamination was suspected when it was realized that the 3 positive materials had been consecutively processed the same day by the same worker in the same biological safety cabinet. Again, the 3 strains revealed identical band patterns with RFLP and DRE-PCR, confirming the posed suspicion. The results with DRE-PCR were obtained after only 8 hours of work, without the need for subcultures. This procedure allows quick correction of treatment conducts, avoiding unnecessary exposure of people and bacteria to antimicrobial drugs.

7.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 20: 79-81, mar. 2004.
Article in Spanish | BVSNACUY | ID: bnu-12851

ABSTRACT

En mayo de 2002 se aisló por primera vez en Uruguay Escherichia coli O157:H7, productora de toxina shiga a partir del coproductivo de una niña de 16 meses procedente de Melo, con diagnóstico de síndrome urémico hemolítico. La cepa, productora de toxinas shiga tipo 2 y tipo 2 variante humana a, era genéticamente distinta de las cepas circulantes en Argentina. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome , Escherichia coli Infections/complications , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification
8.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 20(1): 79-81, mar. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-361887

ABSTRACT

En mayo de 2002 se aisló por primera vez en Uruguay Escherichia coli O157:H7, productora de toxina shiga a partir del coproductivo de una niña de 16 meses procedente de Melo, con diagnóstico de síndrome urémico hemolítico. La cepa, productora de toxinas shiga tipo 2 y tipo 2 variante humana a, era genéticamente distinta de las cepas circulantes en Argentina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Escherichia coli O157 , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Infections , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
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