ABSTRACT
Cleome viscosa L., a member of the family Cleomaceae, is a potential medicinal plant, known for several bioactive properties such as: anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, etc. Our study aimed to isolate a bioactive compound and assess its antibacterial activity. The crystal compound imperatorin was isolated and reported for the first time from the aerial parts of C. viscosa. The isolation was made using silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography. The structure of imperatorin was investigated through single-crystal XRD, unit cell molecules, FTIR, and ESI-MS spectral analysis. The results validated imperatorin's triclinic crystal structure and P2i/c distance group. The electronic structure was also calculated (4.28/6.21 D) along with the frontier molecular orbital, dipole moment, atomic charges, and electrostatic map of particles in gaseous stage and active site. Imperatorin showed highest activity at 40 µg/mL concentration against Gram + ve bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (3 ± 0.2 mm), Bacillus subtilis (3 ± 0.6 mm), and Gram -ve bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 ± 0.2 mm), Escherichia coli (5 ± 0.2 mm). The study highlights that the compound can be isolated in larger quantities as the plant is easily available across the tropics.
Subject(s)
Cleome , Furocoumarins , Plant Extracts , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Cleome/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Plant Components, Aerial , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Background: Poisoning by different kinds of toxic mushrooms is unfortunately becoming an increasingly important medical problem, evident from the growing number of reports worldwide since the 1950s. Mycetism being a health concern, deserves scientific attention. In this perspective, the present study aims to assess the potential effects of ingesting the selected wild mushrooms from regions of the Western Ghats, India. Methods: The preliminary cytotoxicity of the selected mushrooms was studied in vitro on the intestinal NCM460 and the Chang's liver cell lines on the basis of cell viability. Further, the hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring biologically relevant endpoints such as membrane integrity, mitochondrial stress and oxidative status. A 28 day sub-acute toxicity study was carried out by orally administering the mushroom extracts to mice at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. The hematological and serum analysis as well as histological examinations were carried out to evaluate their in vivo toxicity. GC-MS analysis of the mushrooms facilitated the identification of their volatile chemical profile. Result: The in vitro intestinal cytotoxicity exhibited by these wild mushrooms in comparison to the edible mushroom indicated their potential gastrointestinal toxicity. The pathological findings in small intestine on exposure to Chlorophyllum molybdites and Agaricus endoxanthus also validates the speculations about their intestinal toxicity. The toxic insult to the hepatocytes due to Amanita angustilamellata, Entoloma crassum, and Clarkeinda trachodes was predictive of the observed in vivo hepatotoxicity which was also accompanied by renal toxicity at the higher dose of 500 mg/kg bwt. Conclusion: The potential toxicity exhibited by these representative mushrooms from the wild warrants caution about their consumption. The present work could also have broader implications for global mycetism.
ABSTRACT
In the title compound, C(6)H(12)O(5), the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The absolute configuration is not defined. However, the relative configuration can be assigned as 1R*,3R*,4S*,S*. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by strong inter-molecular O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, producing a three-dimensional network.
ABSTRACT
Solid-state 27Al and cross-polarization (CP) 13C magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) was used to characterise aluminas obtained by calcining basic aluminium succinate at different temperatures. In basic aluminium succinate, aluminium is in the tetrahedral coordination only. However, in both X-ray amorphous and gamma-aluminas aluminium is in the tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. The intensity of the aluminium peaks is at a maximum for samples calcined at 700 degrees C. 13C CP MAS NMR indicates the bonding of Al with carbon of the carboxylate group in basic aluminium succinate. Samples calcined at 400-870 degrees C do not give 13C spectra.
