Exploring perceived challenges, adoption, and assessment of Western values of democracy and human rights in Palestine in the 2023 War on Gaza.

This study delved into the dynamics of perceived challenges, adoption, and assessment of Western values of democracy and human rights among university students in Palestine, particularly in the aftermath of the 2023 War on Gaza. A mixed-methods strategy was used in the research, with a participant pool of 384 students representing a range of demographics. By exploring the impact of geopolitical events, the results revealed a positive link between perceived challenges and the assessment of Western values. Although there is a notable gender and geographic difference in the assessment and adoption of Western values, females and those living in cities and villages are shown to have greater perceived challenges with these values. The qualitative component, including interviews with 12 students, provided valuable insights into the postwar evolution of Palestinian perspectives, highlighting a notable shift in attitudes, initially characterized by belief in the superiority of Western values, followed by a decline in faith during the war. This decline is attributed to traumatic events, biased media narratives, and the contradiction between idealized standards and harsh realities. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted influences on Palestinian perceptions of Western values.

The correction of asymmetry using computer planned distraction osteogenesis versus conventional planned extra-oral distraction osteogenesis: A randomized control clinical trial.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the use of computer-guided surgical templates in association with mandibular distraction osteogenesis to correct mandibular asymmetry. In the study group a simulation process was conducted to restore the exact position of the chin skeletally by planning the osteotomy orientation, distractor vector, pin positions, and distraction distance calculation. The Control group was treated with conventional distraction in which an oblique osteotomy was done, and distraction was performed until the midline coincided. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, study and control. The study included (12) young patients; ten males participated and two females (average age 14 ± 6 years) (Range = 6-23 years)). There was a statistically significant (P = 0.02) improvement in smile orientation in the study with 63.7% ± 19% improvement compared to control, which had only 37% ± 14%. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.02) improvement in ramus height in the study with 93% ± 9% improvement compared to control, which had only 74% ± 16%. There was a non-significant (P = 0.2) improvement in chin deviation in the study with 42% ± 26% improvement compared to control, which had only 25% ± 15%. The secondary outcome results showed that there was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) improvement in smile orientation post distraction 50% ± 21%, there was statistically significant (P= P=0.002) improvement of ramus height post distraction osteogenesis 82% ± 16%, and there was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) improvement in chin deviation 33% ± 22% post distraction osteogenesis. Overall, the current research recommends the use of computer planned distraction instead of conventional planned distraction in order to achieve better symmetry. Distraction failed in correction of chin asymmetry; thus, the authors recommend performing genioplasty post distraction after the patient reaches puberty for more optimum results regarding the chin.

Physical Versus Digital Orthognathic Surgical Planning.

OBJECTIVE: Orthognathic occlusal repositioning wafers could be constructed virtually and 3D printed. This paper assessed the accuracy of a suggested virtual model to the conventionally established Glasgow model surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study of the orthognathic surgery models digitally. PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients who received bi-maxillary orthognathic surgeries for correction of dentofacial deformities. METHODS: The patients were clinically assessed and their cone beam cmputerized tomography (CBCT) studied. Model surgery of each patient was performed conventionally using face-bow and semi-adjustable articulator. Same plan was executed virtually using Mimics (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and 3Matic (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Conventionally fabricated acrylic wafers as well as 3D printed wafers were CBCT scanned with the casts reflecting the archived repositioning dictated by the wafers. Paired sample t test was performed to compare accuracy between intermediate and final occlusal repositioning wafers within conventional and virtual technique groups. RESULTS: The mean deviation in intermediate wafer group was 0.64 ± 0.33 mm; whereas the mean deviation in final wafer group was 0.53 ± 0.10 mm. Paired sample t test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in mean deviation between both groups ( P = 0.403). CONCLUSIONS: This virtual surgical wafer achieves a similar level of accuracy to the conventional Glasgow model surgery.

The Radiographic Effect of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate on Bone Maturation During Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effect of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) during distraction on the consolidation period. METHODS: The study had 2 groups each had 6 patients. In the control, the distraction had no enhancement; while, the study group was enhanced by BMAC. The bone quality and quantity were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). RESULTS: The assessment of bone density showed non-significant (NS) (P = 0.06) increase in bone density in the study group (M = 293 ±â€Š100 HU) compared to the control group (M = 176 ±â€Š94 HU). The Assessment of bone volume showed a NS (P = 0.15) increase in bone volume in Study group with average bone volume/total volume (M = 49.47% ±â€Š4.5%) compared to Control group (M = 43.9% ±â€Š7.5%). CONCLUSION: Further examination is recommended to evaluate the effect of BMAC on the distracted bone. The addition of BMAC made a non-significant improvement in bone quantity and quality.

The Effect of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Application on Distracted Bone Biomechanical Properties.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to assess effect of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) on enhancing biomechanical properties of distraction osteogenesis (DO). METHODS: Twelve rami of goats had distraction and were divided into test group (DO bone supplemented with BMAC) and control group. RESULTS: Assessment of bone-width showed nonsignificant (P = 0.9) increase in test group (mean = 5.3 mm, standard deviation = 1.9 mm) compared to control group (mean = 5.2 mm, standard deviation = 0.8 mm). Assessment of radiographic density showed nonsignificant (P = 0.5) increase in test group (mean = 163.4 Hounsfield Unit, standard deviation = 6.5 Hounsfield Unit) compared to control group (mean = 156.6 Hounsfield Unit, standard deviation = 21.8 Hounsfield Unit). Histomorphometry of mature-bone % showed significant (P = 0.02) increase in test group (mean = 30%, standard deviation = 9.8%) compared to control group (mean = 15.9%, standard deviation = 7.2%). Assessment of biomechanical testing (bone strength) by 3-point bending test showed nonsignificant (P = 0.7) increase in test group (mean = 511.6 Newton, standard deviation = 189.1 Newton) compared to control group (mean = 467.8 Newton, standard deviation = 201.1 Newton). CONCLUSION: The BMAC failed to improve both bone quantity and biomechanical bone strength of distracted bone.

Novel Technique and Step-by-Step Construction of a Computer-Guided Stent for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis.

INTRODUCTION: Distraction osteogenesis is an integral part in management of mandibular defects associated with hemifacial microsomia and post-ankylotic mandibular defects. The most difficult part in distraction osteogenesis is the prediction of distraction vector and risk of injury to vital structures as inferior alveolar. The present study aimed to present 3-dimensionally constructed computer-guided splints in distraction osteogenesis to get an ideal vector and minimal risk of vital structures injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The technical note presents cases series of 6 patients who had computer-guided distraction osteogenesis surgery using prefabricated splints. RESULTS: The distance between the virtual and physical pins and osteotomy was measured, and the deviation of the vector angle and osteotomy angle was also assessed. Average deviation in pin distance was 3 mm and in vector angle 13.5°. Average deviation in osteotomy distance was 2.6 mm and in osteotomy angle 14.4°. None of the cases had injury to vital structure. There was significant improvement (P = 0.0078) in the medial canthus-buccal commissure distance where the arithmetic mean improved from 59.6 (SD = 10.1) mm pre-distraction in the defective side to 67.1 (SD = 8) mm post-distraction. The degree of correction was 97% compared to the normal side. CONCLUSION: 3D printed surgical stents were successful in transferring the virtual treatment plan of mandibular distraction osteogenesis into the surgical theatre with an acceptable margin of error and without injury to any vital structures.