Selected predictors of parental satisfaction with child nursing care in paediatric wards in Poland-Cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of parental satisfaction with child nursing is the key issue in evaluation of the care quality, enabling the adjustment of the services provided to the needs and expectations of recipients, and thus ensuring safety and achieving better long-term health effects. AIM: Assessment of parental satisfaction with child nursing in paediatric wards including its determinants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 1030 parents of children hospitalised in paediatric and surgical wards of seven hospitals of different levels of health security in Poland. The Polish adaptation of the Empathic standardised questionnaire for assessment of the level of parents' satisfaction with nursing care, developed by Latour et al. and the self-constructed summary of socio-demographic data were applied in the study. RESULTS: More than 90% of respondents expressed high level of satisfaction with nurses' Availability, the lowest, but still high score of respondents' satisfaction was observed for Parental Participation. The highest satisfaction was observed among the parents of children at the preschool, early school and puberty stage, admitted to the hospital on the elective basis, referred for diagnostic assessment and with the length of hospital stay less than 7 and longer than 28 days. Achieving preschool age was the strongest factor which increased assessment of satisfaction in most domains. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for optimising nursing care especially in the area of parental participation. The nursing care' quality improvement plan in paediatric departments should focus particularly on early childhood patients and their parents who are the most critical in satisfaction' assessment.

Determinants of Parental Satisfaction with Nursing Care in Paediatric Wards-A Preliminary Report.

Background: The quality of medical services for a child and their parents are tantamount to a sense of satisfaction with care. Purpose: The assessment of determinants of parental satisfaction with nursing care in paediatric wards. Methods: The study covered 336 parents of children hospitalised in paediatric departments and was based on the "EMPHATIC" questionnaire, standardized and adapted to Polish conditions. Results: The mean score of the overall parental satisfaction was high, amounting to 4.19 points. The lower level of satisfaction with nursing care was reported in parents of children under the age of 6 years, admitted in an emergency mode with a diagnosed post-trauma condition and those with higher education. The duration of hospitalisation, sex and age of parents did not have an influence on the satisfaction with care. Conclusions: The age of the child, admission mode and education of respondents are determinants of parental satisfaction with nursing care.

[Evaluation and determinants of pain in patients hospitalized for cancer]. / Ocena i uwarunkowania bólu u hospitalizowanych z powodu choroby nowotworowej.

Pain is a symptom that occurs in almost every third person at the time of diagnosis of cancer. Its intensity and frequency increases with the progression of the disease. AIM: The aim of the studywas to determine of pain conditions in patients treated for cancer during oncological treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 229 randomly selected patients hospitalized at Fr. B. Markiewicz Specialist Hospital of the Podkarpacki Oncological Center in Brzozów. The method of the diagnostic survey and the technique of the survey were used. The research tools were the author's questionnaire and the numerical rating scale NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). The statistical analysis used the following tests: U Mann Whitney and symmetric measures Phi and V Kramer based on the chi-square test. The statistical significance level p≤0.05 was assumed. RESULTS: The incidence of pain resulting from neoplastic disease, treatment and the consequences of the disease was declared by 61,6% of patients. The mean severity of pain in patients was 3.38. Middleaged pain was reported by 55.3% of patients. Low level pain occurred in almost every third patient (31.9%) and in severe form in 12.8% of patients. The most frequent places of pain were abdominal cavity, osteoarticular system and head. Painkillers were taken by 59.4% of patients and mainly were drugs from the first stage of analgesic ladder, among them Paracetamol. Morphine - every tenth patient took the drug of the third grade of the analgesic ladder. The pain was not affected by education, age, sex, marital status, place of residence and self-assessment of functioning in everyday life. Patients suffering from pain assessed their health better. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals with cancer suffered from pain and painkillers, mainly from the first degree of analgesic ladder. The occurrence of pain was not differentiated as for socio-demographic variables. The treatment method was associated with the sensation of pain, the experience of which influenced the self-assessment of health. Pain is a threat to the quality of life and significantly affects the treatment process. Relief and elimination of pain is a priority in the care and treatment of cancer patients.

[Obesity, overweight as main risk factors of cancer in Sanok's county population]. / Otylosc i nadwaga czynnikami ryzyka chorób nowotworowych w populacji mieszkanców powiatu sanockiego.

Weight disorder such as obesity and overweight are an significant risk factor in cancer development. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine an obesity and overweight in cancer prevention among the population of Sanok's county. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in 157 residents of Sanok's county in 2015 yrs. A method of diagnostic survey and conventional survey was used. The main research tool was a selfmade survey. In the evaluation of statistical significance we have accepted the level of p<0,05. RESULTS: Almost half of the respondents of the survey declared doing sport regularly and most of them were young people with higher education. Almost half of the responders had good BMI, one third was overweight and one tenth was obese. The latter weight disorder was mostly common among men and people with vocational and primary education. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factor of cancer in the study group were: overweight, obesity and low level of physical activity. Age, sex and place of residence conditioned the level of physical activity and up keeping proper body weight. These studies require constant increase of awareness in the area of physical activity and maintaining proper body weight.

[Low level of physical activity as main risk factor of cancer in Sanok's county population]. / Niska aktywnosc fizyczna czynnikiem ryzyka chorób nowotworowych w populacji mieszkanców powiatu sanockiego.

Physical activity is a key component of a healthy lifestyle. The data of WHO conclude that little physical activity is the fourth key risk factor of premature death. Weight disorder such as obesity and overweight are an significant risk factor in cancer development. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine physical activity in cancer prevention among the population of Sanok's county. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered a group 157 residents of Sanok's county in 2015. A method of diagnostic survey and conventional survey was used. The main research tool was a selfmade survey. The p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Almost half of the respondents of the survey declared doing sport regularly and most of them were young people with higher education. The preferred form of physical activity among the survey group was jogging. Only one third of surveyed people declared regular physical activity. The responders usually evaluated their level of physical activity as medium. The main reasons for physical activity were: achieving better wellbeing and maintaining good physical condition, whereas laziness and lack of time were the main reasons of the lack of physical activity. Responders most often spend from 30-90 minutes on working out on their workout days. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factor of cancer in the study group were physical activity. Age, sex and place of residence conditioned the level of physical activity and up keeping proper body weight. These studies require constant increase of awareness in the area of physical activity.

[Working time structure of pediatric nurses in hospital wards representing different referential levels]. / Struktura czasu pracy pielegniarek pediatrycznych na oddzialach szpitalnych o róznym poziomie referencyjnym.

BACKGROUND: Working time is a non-renewable and important element in the management of an organization. The implementation of changes in the structure of working time may be facilitated by the insight into activities undertaken by employees during work. Such an approach plays an important role since the effective use of time improves the quality of care, prevents timewasting and optimizes the use of the full potential of employees, including nurses. The objective of the study was to determine the structure of working time of pediatric nurses in hospital wards of 2 referential levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2 wards (2nd and 3rd levels of reference) in the Regional Specialist Children's Hospital in Olsztyn. The research method involved the measurement of working time, as well as continuous and snap-shot observation techniques. Standardized research instruments were used in the study; 8 continuous observations and 2333 snap-shot observations were carried out. RESULTS: In the structure of working time of pediatric nurses indirect nursing-related activities predominated (52.2%). Direct nursing made 28.7% of the working time. The nurses devoted the smallest amount of time to coordination and organization - 8%. The percentage of time associated with non-duty activities and breaks at work was 11.1%. In direct nursing activities associated with diagnosing (9%) and treatment (11.7%) prevailed. In indirect nursing activities pertaining to documentation of activities related to direct nursing made 24.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric nurses devote insufficient amount of time to direct nursing. Activities associated with documentation of activities related to direct nursing, preparation for direct nursing, as well as treatment and diagnosing predominate in the working time structure of nurses. Med Pr 2017;68(1):95-103.

[Nurses' professionalism as a component of evaluation of parents/caregivers satisfaction with nursing care]. / Profesjonalizm pielegniarek jako element oceny satysfakcji rodziców/opiekunów dzieci z opieki pielegniarskiej.

BACKGROUND: Professionalism in nursing means the provision of medical and nursing services based on the best knowledge and skills, as well as on great responsibility for the undertaken actions. The opinions of patients and their families concerning professionalism, reflected in the level of satisfaction, contribute to the improvement of the quality of services offered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 120 parents/caregivers of children hospitalized in a pediatric ward. Diagnostic survey method was applied in the research. The standardized questionnaire for evaluation of the level of parents/caregivers satisfaction with nursing care (Latour et al.) adjusted to the conditions of Polish pediatric hospital services and subjected to validation was adopted as a research tool. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The respondents were selected at random. The parents/caregivers received the questionnaire the day before the child's discharge. RESULTS: The parents/caregivers generally evaluated the professionalism of nursing care in positive terms (4.3). They expressed higher satisfaction with respect showed by nurses for patients (4.7), while lower satisfaction with nurses introducing themselves (3.2). A high level of satisfaction was obtained with respect to the parents/caregivers' opinions pertaining to cooperation within a therapeutic team (4.6), organization of nurses' work (4.6), and quality of nursing care (4.6). CONCLUSIONS: Parents/caregivers expressed their satisfaction with the professionalism of nursing care. Education of respondents, frequency and reasons for hospitalization among children proved to be the variables that significantly differed the opinions of parents/caregivers concerning the selected criteria for professionalism of nursing care. No correlation was found between the duration of hospitalization, children's age, place of parents/caregivers residence, and the level of satisfaction with professionalism of nursing care.

[Analysis of causes of the involvement in prophylactic examinations and the evaluation of the value of the body mass and the blood pressure at residents of Sanok district]. / Analiza przyczyn uczestnictwa w badaniach profilaktycznych oraz ocena wartosci masy ciala i cisnienia tetniczego krwi u mieszkanców powiatu sanockiego.

UNLABELLED: Prophylactic examinations allowing for the evaluation of the medical condition and the diagnosis of symptoms of illness in the preclinical stage is a crucial element of the prevention. The early diagnosis of disorders is improving the effectiveness of medicinal actions and rehabilitation, enhancing the possibility of getting well. It is of special importance in cardiovascular diseases which in Poland are recognised late and have become a fundamental health hazard. The aim of study was to evaluate causes of the participation in open days in the aspect of sociodemographic conditioning of residents of Sanok district and conducting the evaluation of their body mass and values of the blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in 2009 and in 2010 including the group of 215 persons during open days of the special hospital of the Independent Public Centre of Health Care in Sanok. In the accumulation of empirical material method of the diagnostic survey was used with applying the author's questionnaire of the survey form. The following techniques were applied: conducting a survey and the measurement of biophysical features (of body mass, height, blood pressure) with using measuring devices. Collected data were subjected to a statistical analysis with applying the chi-square test. RESULTS: The ease of access and desire for performing examinations and expectation of the evaluation of the medical condition decided in the main measure about the participation in this initiative. The greatest demand was for advice of the cardiologist. The correct BMI indicator has most often been evaluated in the group of people of the singleness and country dwellers. The obesity has more often been identified at persons after divorce, being married and of residents of cities. Almost at the every second person an arterial hypertension of blood was stated. Majority of the examined had the correct concentration of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases identified at examined persons are an arterial hypertension and different degrees of the excess mass. During open days the greatest demand was stated to advice of consultants in cardiology. Obtained findings constitute the argument being enough to continue further diagnostic investigation at patients, at whom alarming manifestations were identified, in order to confirm illness and early beginning the treatment.

[Microalbuminuria--underestimated cardiovascular risk factor]. / Mikroalbuminuria--niedoceniany wskaznik ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego.

The term microalbuminuria stands for an increased urinary excretion of albumin undetectable by routine methods for determination of proteinuria. Microalbuminuria is found in a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes, arterial hypertension and in the elderly. New data has provided strong evidence that albuminuria not only indicates early glomerular damage but also widespread endothelial dysfunction, early atherogenesis and increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. It has been shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have a potential to decrease urinary albumin excretion, which confirms their well-established nephro- and vasoprotective action.