[Features of granulomatous inflammation in helminthiasis, mycoses and human protozoal diseases in forensic medical practice]. / Osobennosti granulematoznogo vospaleniya pri gel'mintozakh, mikozakh i protozoinykh zabolevaniyakh cheloveka v sudebno-meditsinskoi praktike.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Is to draw the attention of forensic experts and histologists to the problem of infectious diseases occurring with the formation of granulomas. Was reviewed the general patterns of granulomatous diseases, as well as the peculiarities of pathomorphosis in helminthiasis (schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, onchocerciasis, dirofilariasis, ascariasis, cysticercosis), mycoses (cryptococcosis, chromomycosis, coccidioidosis) and protozoal diseases, toxosomes. The article includes photomicrographs from the authors' personal archive, including those collected during their work in African countries Text is based on scientific data from articles, monographs, educational literature, personal experience and cases of forensic medical practice.

[Pulmonary larval paragonimiasis mimicking lung cancer]. / Legochnyi larval'nyi paragonimoz, imitiruiushchii rak legkogo.

Larval paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by lung fluke larvae. Unlike the classic form of paragonimiasis, the larval form occurs with a large number of clinical manifestations. However, this fact only complicates the diagnosis of larval paragonimiasis, for the abundance of clinical manifestations results in the misdiagnosis of other diseases. Another feature of this form of paragonimiasis is the tendency to generalize and mimic the clinical presentation of malignant neoplasms. The performed diagnostic measures failed to give an accurate view of the nature of the disease, therefore diagnostic thoracoscopy was carried out and biopsy specimens were taken from the subpleural region of dissemination, followed by urgent histologic examination suggestive of glandular cancer. This circumstance became the reason for atypical resection of the affected portion, which was done; however, the patient died from pulmonary thromboembolism on postoperative day 2. The main diagnosis of chronic pulmonary generalized paragonimiasis (cystic and pneumosclerotic phases) with neoplastic syndrome was posthumously made.

Patterns of TRPM7 expression in hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons in modeling of nutritional magnesium deficiency.

Patterns of expression of TRPM7, the major cellular magnesium transporters in neurons of the hypothalamic region and hippocampus, were studied immunohistochemically. Multidirectional nature and different levels of the expression of the above antigen were revealed during modeled magnesium deficiency with regard to structural and functional features of neuron organization in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei as well as hippocampal field CA1 and CA3. Changes in the structural characteristics of neurons in the studied areas (absolute and relative indicators) and TRPM7 expression patterns were quantitatively analyzed considering the data on the role of the studied antigen in magnesium homeostasis, cell damage, and compensation.

[Experimental evidence of magnesium salts for treatment of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in an animal model based on sodium oxalate and a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor].

The purpose of present study was to investigate influence of magnesium (Mg) salts (Mg L-aspartate, Mg chloride) and their combinations with pyridoxine on development of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis induced by sodium oxalate (3% diet weight) and celecoxib (100 mg per kg of bodyweight) according to B.C. Jeong et al. (Urol. Res. 2005; 33(6): 453-459). On 14th day of diet urinary oxalate level and crystalluria were significantly increased, creatinine clearance tended to be lower as compared to control group. Mg L-aspartate, Mg chloride and their combinations with pyridoxine, MagneB6 (Mg lactate in combination with pyridoxine) and Mg sulfate were given by intragastric intubation from 15th till 28th days of diet (50 mg Mg per kg body weight). On 28th day urinary oxalate level in rats treated with Mg salts was lower by in average 45%, creatinine clearance was increased by 19%, Ca/Mg ratio decreased by 1.5-2 times in comparison with animals fed with diet alone. Light microscopic examination of kidney sections have revealed decreased inclusion volume fraction of renal calcification in rats treated with Mg salts as to compare with untreated rats receiving sodium oxalate and celecoxib (0.3-1.0% vs. 4%). So, Mg salts prevented development of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in hyperoxaluric rats. Morphological and laboratory tests showed Mg aspartate and magne B6 were more effective Mg-containing substances in comparison with other studied salts.

[The effectiveness of certain magnesium salts in nephrolithiasis caused by the use of sodium oxalate and celecoxib].

The study was aimed to evaluation the effect of different magnesium salts and their combinations with pyridoxine on a course of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis, which was modeled by adding the sodium oxalate (3% of weight of the diet) and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib at a dose 100 mg/kg body weight to a diet for 4 weeks. Starting from the 2nd week of the experiment, the animals had received one of the following compounds: magnesium L-aspartate, magnesium chloride, and their combination with vitamin B6; magnesium sulfate and Magne B6 (magnesium lactate and vitamin B6) as comparators. 28 days after the start of the experiment, disorders progressed in the group receiving only celecoxib and oxalate-rich diet: the urine level of oxalate increased by 171% (p < 0,0001), crystalluria had increased (up to 105 crystals in 10 microml of urinary sediment, p < 0,0001), creatinine clearance decreased by 29%, compared to control (p = 0,087). Increasing calcium/magnesium and oxalate/creatinine ratios in urine by 16 and 189%, respectively, was observed. In the renal parenchyma of animals treated with sodium oxalate and celebrex, calcifications with a volume fraction of 4% were identified, whereas these changes were absent in intact animals. According to the degree of correction ofhyperoxaluria and elimination of calcium oxalate crystals, investigated salts showed similar efficacy, with the exception of magnesium sulfate, which less contributed the compensation of abnormalities in kidney and urinary. According to the data of morphological study, the volume fraction of calcifications was lowest in the groups receiving magnesium L-aspartate and Magne B6.

[Effects of mexidol and sulodexide on the level of specific markers of endothelial dysfunction in animals with experimental diabetes mellitus].

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased expression of endothelin-1 as specific markers of endothelial disorders. All test substances showed endotelioprotective activity by increasing the concentration of eNOS and reducing the level of endothelin-1. With respect to the degree of impact on the eNOS and endothelin-1 levels, the compounds studied can be rated as follows: sulodexide > meksidol.

Mechanisms of toxic effect of streptozotocin on ß-cells in the islets of langerhans.

Administration of streptozotocin caused selective damage to endocrine ß-cells in rat pancreatic islets, which was related to activation of apoptosis. The cytotoxic effect of streptozotocin was associated not only with DMA damage due to dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system, but also with activation of the caspase cascade and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.

[Structural alterations in pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with of bioactive additive on the basis of Gymnema sylvestre].

The structural alterations in pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were studied after the administration of Gymnema sylvestre extract or its composition. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by daily injection of streptozotocin (20 mg/kg for 5 days) and single injection of 0.2 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant, Only the animals with the blood glucose level exceeding 15 mmol/l were included in the experiment. B- and A-endocrinocytes were demonstrated using immunocytochemistry. The proportions of the area of the pancreatic islets, occupied by B- and A-endocrinocytes, as well as the volume fraction of the pancreatic islets within the pancreas, were determined. In the model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, the part of the total islet area occupied by B-endocrinocytes, was diminished in the pancreatic islets located in all the zones of the gland. Prophylactic administration of Gymnema sylvestre extract or its composition tended to restore the area occupied by B-endocrinocytes in the pancreatic islets. These results indicate the equal potency of the composition and extract of Gymnema sylvestre to induce the regeneration of B-endocrinocytes.

[The role of alimentary magnesium deficiency in development of nephrolithiasis and its correction with magnesium salts in rats].

Aims of our work were to appraise the quantity and nature of renal calcifications and mineral metabolism in the magnesium-deficient rats; and to find out whether the combination of pyridoxine with Mg L-aspartate or Mg chloride will reduce the length of the treatment needed to recover rats from magnesium deficient condition and urolithiasis state. To induce hypomagnesemia, fifty rats were placed on a magnesium-deficient diet (magnesium content < or = 15 mg/kg) and demineralized water for 10 weeks. On the forty-ninth day of magnesium-deficient diet, rats were treated one of the six supplementations: MgCl2, Mg-L-Asp or their combinations with pyridoxine hydrochloride, magnesium sulfate, magne B6.

[Changes in myocardium, skeletal muscle and liver of rats fed carnitine-deficient diet and treated with carnitine optical isomers].

The aim of the present study was a comparative assessment of L-, D-and DL-carnitine effect on morphometric and histological parameters of myocardium, skeletal muscles (m. gastrocnemius) and liver in 60 rats fed carnitine-deficient diet. Carnitine-deficient diet fed 2 months resulted in a substantial reduction of carnitine concentration in blood plasma of rats. In carnitine-deficient animals, lipid vacuoles were found to accumulate within the hepatocytes in all the zones of hepatic lobules, which mainly had the character of micro- and macrovesicular steatosis. This was accompanied by a reduction of skeletal muscle fiber and cardiomyocyte average thickness. L-carnitine administration resulted in the compensation of carnitine deficiency in animals with alimentary carnitine deficient state, while the racemate and D-stereoisomere did not affect its content in blood. Pharmacological correction of carnitine deficiency with L-carnitine prevented the development of liver fatty dystrophy to a greater degree, than the administration of other carnitine stereoisomeres and promoted the restoration of muscular fiber thickness of skeletal muscles. DL-carnitine administration was accompanied by a moderate correction of fatty dystrophy and did not prevent the development of skeletal muscles atrophy. D-carnitine stereoisomere did not prevent liver fatty dystrophy, but it reduced its severity. Correction of carnitine deficiency with D- stereoisomere was not accompanied by essential morphological and morphometric differences in degree of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Effects of L-, D-, and DL-carnitine on morphometric parameters of skeletal muscle and exercise performance of laboratory animals receiving carnitine-deficient diet.

Serum concentration of L-carnitine, the mean thickness of the skeletal muscle fiber, and exercise performance in the forced swimming test decreased in rats receiving a carnitine-deficient diet. Treatment with L-carnitine compensated for carnitine deficiency, while racemate and D-stereoisomer did not increase its level. L-Carnitine, but not racemate and D-stereoisomer, promoted recovery of the skeletal muscle fiber thickness and exercise performance of rats.